30° 4
30° +
LIBRARY OF
WELLES LEY COLLEGE
PURCHASED FROM
LIBRARY FUNDS
EARTH PHOTOGRAPHS
from
Gemini VI througrh XII
Scientific and Technical Information Division
OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
1968
ADMINISTRATION
Washington, D.C.
Gemini spacecraft were built at the McDonnell Air-
craft Corp. plant in St. Louis, Mo. Two are shown
here undergoing tests in the plant's "white room."
An Agena target was photographed from Gemini
XII while connected to it by a Dacron tether. This
permitted stabilization by the gravity gradient.
The Gemini V crew, Gordon Cooper and Pete Con-
rad, acknowledged the good wishes of the pad crew
as they walked toward the gantry for their flight.
The first two-man crew in space, John Young and
Gus Grissom, were photographed inside the cabin
of Gemini III just before their flight in March 1965.
The Gemini spacecraft were launched from the
Kennedy Space Center on the east coast of Florida.
The countdowns were heard throughout the world.
7 Astronaut Ed White's "walk in space" was the fii-st
extravehicular activity by U.S. astronauts. Some
photos were taken with the hatch open.
Gemini VI and Gemini VII were the first two to
rendezvous in space. Gemini VII also set an en-
durance record of 14 days during its mission.
Gemini astronauts landed on the sea. A recovery
carrier and rescue swimmers are seen here attaching
a flotation collar before opening the hatch.
EARTH PHOTOGRAPHS
from
Gemini VI through XII
Scientific and Technical Information Division
OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION 1968
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Washington, D.C.
Us 6
For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $8.00
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 68-61301
FOREWORD
Photographs of terrain and weather taken during Gemini flights
showed that both geological and manmade landmarks and storms in
the Earth's atmosphere could be viewed advantageously from orbital
altitudes. The many spectacular color photographs of the Earth
brought back by the astronauts have both heightened men's appreci-
ation of their environment and increased scientists' knowledge of it.
This Special Publication contains a mere sampling of the photo-
graphs available.
The Gemini program was approved in November 1961 to develop
long-duration manned flight and rendezvous capabilities. In 1963 the
program goals were broadened to encompass four more objectives:
precise reentry control, attainment of flight and ground crew pro-
ficiency, extravehicular capability, and scientific experiments. When
this program was completed in November 1966, the astronauts had
acquired nearly 2000 man-hours of space-flight experience and all
six objectives had been achieved.
The two-week flight of Gemini VII in December 1965 was the
culmination of a series of progressively longer missions, and demon-
strated that men could survive and work in space effectively for longer
periods than a lunar voyage would require. A further requirement
for the journey to the Moon is rendezvous and docking, and this was
accomplished repeatedly by a variety of techniques. In postdocking
maneuvers the Gemini astronauts used the thrust of the Agena target
vehicle to set new altitude and speed records, thus increasing confi-
dence that their successors will be able to proceed farther into space.
When the Apollo spacecraft returns from the Moon, its high veloc-
ity requires that its flight path into the Earth's atmosphere be con-
trolled with great precision. The Gemini astronauts used aerodynamic
lift generated by their spacecraft and an onboard computer to guide
their vehicles to preselected landing areas. Their successes, and early
Apollo flights, provided increased assurance that the men going to
the Moon could return safely.
Both flight and ground crews demonstrated great proficiency
during the Gemini program. On rendezvous missions, the Gemini
spacecraft had to be launched after the target vehicle with precision
measured in seconds. This was done with complete success. Dual
launching made a rendezvous possible in less than one orbit after the
liftoff of the Gemini spacecraft on the 11th mission. The Mission
Control Center in Houston, Tex., repeatedly controlled missions in-
volving more than one space vehicle, and controlled a dual mission
in which both vehicles were manned during the Gemini VII/VI
mission.
Extravehicular activity by Gemini astronauts showed the need
for body restraints, and on the final mission numerous planned work
tasks outside the vehicle were performed without difficulty. The tech-
nological experiments also included tethering a target vehicle to a
spacecraft, as an aid to station keeping and a means of inducing a
small artificial gravity field by rotation.
The scientific experiments undertaken at the same time as these
unprecedented demonstrations of what men can do in space yielded
information that was hitherto beyond the reach of scientists. A total
eclipse of the Sun was observed from space for the first time and the
airglow and zodiacal light were photographed.
The personnel, equipment, and facilities employed in the Gemini
program have since been integrated into other NASA and Department
of Defense manned space flight programs. The technological legacy
of the Gemini flights lives on. It is a harbinger of greater achievements
both in space and on Earth, achievements with more beneficial
results than our generation can now foresee.
George E. Mueller
Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, NASA
PREFACE
Xhe photographs in this volume resulted from two of 22 scientific
experiments that were part of the Gemini program. These were the
experiments in Synoptic Terrain Photography (S-005) and Synoptic
Weather Photography (S-006) . Many of the pictures obtained in these
experiments already have been put to geologic, meteorologic, and
oceanographic use. Historians and directors of human affairs, as well
as students of physical phenomena, have found the perspectives af-
forded stimulating, and the value of such portraits of the Earth in
agricultural, urban, and other kinds of research is becoming increas-
ingly evident.
The Gemini science experiments were a continuation and expan-
sion of work begun during the Mercury series of flights. These experi-
ments were designed to take advantage of man's presence in space.
The astronauts acted as the sensors, manipulators, and operators of
the equipment, and exercised judgment based on their understand-
ing of the objectives. Their interest, imagination, and ingenuity con-
tributed greatly to the success of the program.
John E. Naugle
Associate Administrator,
Office of Space Science and Applications, NASA
The first rendezvous of two space vehicles is shown here
in fine detail as photographed by Tom Stafford in Gem-
ini VI. Gemini VIFs thruster ports appear as dark,
round spots from 40 feet away. The yellowish cover-
ing on the right end is a thermal shield that protected
various subsystems mounted in the adapter section.
The trailing straps covered an explosive cord that sev-
ered all connections between the spacecraft and its
launch vehicle when they separated. Gemini VI was
starting its sixth orbit when this picture was taken.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 15, 1965 S65-63204
The rendezvous target for the Gemini XII mission was
the Agena space vehicle, shown (on the next page) be-
fore docking over the Pacific Ocean near the end of the
third orbit. The naillike object in the foreground is a
heavy metal bar that is attached to the nose section of
the Gemini spacecraft to facilitate docking. When
docked, the Agena was able to propel the two space-
craft to the highest altiti^des achieved by man up to
that time. This was done during the Gemini XI mis-
sion when Astronauts Pete Conrad and Dick Gordon
looked down at the Earth from 741.5 nautical miles.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 15, 1966 S66-62756
Gemini VII appears balanced on the horizon as the two
spacecraft orbit the earth. Its rendezvous and the recov-
ery section in the spacecraft nose, which housed the par-
achute and other recovery aids, is shown in this picture.
The small white objects to the left of the words "United
States" are horizon scanners that measure spacecraft at-
titude. The command pilot's window is directly above.
The two protrusions from the white, adapter section are
cryogenically cooled radiometers, part of the Gemini in-
flight experiments program. Cloud formations seen be-
low the spacecraft result from convective clouds pushing
up through broad areas of cirriform clouds.
Gemini IX rendezvoused with an augmented target
docking adapter (shown at the far right) that was
launched as a replacement for an Agena target which
had failed to achieve orbit on an earlier attempt. Dock-
ing with this spacecraft was not possible because its plas-
tic nose fairing did not separate and it was quickly named
the "angiy alligator." "Early in the first daylight after
rendezvous," Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford wrote of
this picture, "our suspicion that something was amiss
was photographically confirmed. The 'angry alligator'
appeared to be nibbling at Roques atoll." This hap-
pened over the Caribbean, north of Caracas, and the
Isla Orchila can be seen. Clouds in the upper right
hide the coast of Venezuela.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 15, 1965 S65-63188
GEMINI IX JUNE 3, 1966 366-37923
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction 1
Across the Atlantic 5
Northwest Africa 37
Northeast Africa 65
The Indian Ocean and Australia 97
Southern Asia 121
Across the Pacific 153
South America 173
Mexico 203
The United States 227
Appendix A 257
Appendix B 261
Glossary 321
Bibliography 327
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
iHE photographs in this boolc were chosen from among hundreds that the Gemini
astronauts took in the course of scientific experiments that inchided synoptic terrain
and weather photography. In these particular experiments, Paul D. Lowman, Jr.,
of the Goddard Space FHght Center, and Kennetli M. Nagler and Stanley D. Soules,
of the Environmental Science Senices Administration, were the principal investiga-
tors. Robert E. Stevenson, of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries at Galveston, Tex.,
joined them as a representative of oceanographic interests.
Since NASA's charter requires disclosure of scientific information likely to be
generally useful, Robert E. Gilruth, Director of the Manned Spacecraft Center, pro-
posed that a representative group of the pictures now available be published for the
use of the many scientists who are concerned with features of the Earth's surface.
Jocelyn R. Gill, Gemini Science Manager, was responsible for the organization of
the book and headed the technical panel that recommended publication of these
photographs.
Richard W. Underwood and Herbert Tiedemann, of the Manned Spacecraft
Center, identified the areas shown in the photographs. The principal investigators
provided information for the captions with the help of Dr. Stevenson, Mr. Tiede-
mann, Herbert Blodget of the Goddard Space Flight Center, James Williams of the
Environmental Science Services Administration, James Bailey of the Bureau of Com-
mercial Fisheries, Lawrence Dunkelman of Goddard Space Flight Center, and
Samuel H. Hubbard of the Office of Manned Space Flight. The U.S. Geological
Survey library staff was especially helpful to them.
Senor Ing. Guille:-mo Salas contributed geological information regarding pic-
tures taken over Mexico. A. L. Grabham and L. Moskowitz of the U.S. Navy Ocean-
ographic Office and other representatives of Government agencies and contractors
served with NASA personnel on the technical panel, and a roster of the individuals
who assisted its members would be extremely long. Among those who contributed
especially valuable help and advice were John Bridgewater, Le Forrest Miller, Jose
Toro, Ronald Dalrymple, Robert Dubinsky, and William Vest.
Part I. Introduction
Ihis is a companion volume to Earth Photographs from Gemi7ii III, IV, and V,
which was issued in 1967 as Special Publication 129. This one presents photo-
graphs taken on seven later flights, those of Gemini VI-A, VII, VIII, IX. X, XI,
and XII. The crews, the dates, durations, and altitudes of these flights are listed
in table 1, which also shows the cameras and films that were used on each flight.
In these seven flights, Gemini spacecraft orbited the Earth 421 times and the
astronauts took nearly 1900 high-quality color photographs of its surface from above
the atmosphere. Those reproduced here are a representative sampling of them,
chosen with the current interests of earth scientists in mind.
In the previous \-olume, SP-129, the pictures taken on each flight were separ-
ated and presented sequentially. In this one they are juxtaposed, to group them
geographically. This was done for two reasons: To enable a person interested in
a particular geographic area to turn quickly to the photographs of that area, and
to enable the reader to imagine himself circling the world and seeing it in some-
what the same way that it appeared to the astronauts.
The pictorial journey in the pages that follow begins at the launching site of the
Gemini spacecraft, the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. It proceeds eastward
between the latitudes of approximately 30° North and 30° South. Photographs
taken on different flights and different revolutions, at different altitudes and times
of day, and in different seasons of the year are intermingled in this presentation.
The first and the last pictures in the book are both of Florida, but they are separated
here by pictures taken at various times between December 15, 1965, and November
16, 1966, on many journeys around the world. The dates given below the photos
are in Greenwich mean time.
The nine groups into which the pictures are divided in this volume correspond
approximately with ways in which the Earth is often divided in an atlas of the type
readily available in many homes and in most libraries. This facilitates use of com-
mon maps while examining these photographs. Attention is called in many of the
captions both to geological divisions of the Earth and to national boundaries.
The explanatory notes beneath the pictures suggest some, but by no means all,
of the ways in which scientists concerned with features of the Earth are finding high-
altitude photography helpful. The objectives of the Gemini flights included a
variety of scientific experiments for investigators representing numerous distinct
scientific disciplines. These are listed in table II.
A Hasselblad 500C camera and a Hasselblad super-wide-angle camera, mod-
ified by NASA, were used on the Gemini flights. On the last four flights a speci-
ally designed 70-millimeter camera built by the J. A. Maurer Co. also was used.
The pictures chosen for this book are presented in the square format of the original
film.
0\'erlapping photographs were taken of many areas and can be used to obtain
stereoscopic views. NASA can provide either transparencies or photographic prints
of these pictures to members of the academic and scientific community who have
specific professional uses for them in mind. Researchers should address specific in-
quiries, indicating their requirements, either to the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Manned Spacecraft Center, Science and Applications Directorate,
Houston, Tex. 77058, or to the National Space Science Data Center, Code 601,
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. 20771.
Persons having commercial or industrial applications in mind should address
their requests for such photographic materials to Technology Applications Center,
University of New Mexico, Post Office Box 181, Albuquerque, N. Mex. 81706.
Table I.
Gemini Flights VI-A Through XII
Flight
Crew
Date
GMT
Duration
Orbit (approx)
Camera
Film 2
VI-Ai
Capt. W. M. Schirra, Jr.
Dec. 15, 1965
13:37
25 hr 51 min,
100 by 161
Modified Hassel-
Eastman
Maj. T. P. Stafford, Jr.
Dec. 16, 1965
15:28
16 revolutions
miles
(statute)
blad 500C,
80-mm Zeiss
planar lens,
//2.8
Kodak
Ekta-
chrome
MS
(S.O.
217)
VII. ..
Lt. Col. Frank Borman
Dec. 4, 1965
19:30
330 hr 35 min,
100 by 204
Hasselblad 500C
S.O. 217
Comdr. J. A. Lovell, Jr.
Dec. 18, 1965
14:05
206 revolutions
miles
w/80-mm Zeiss
planar lens
//2.8 and
250-mm Zeiss
sonnar lens,
//4.5
8443
(infra-
red)
3400
2475
VIII. .
N. A. Armstrong
Mar. 16, 1966
16:41
10 hr 42 min.
100 by 161
Hasselblad 500C
S.O. 217
Maj. D. R. .Scott
Mar. 17, 1966
3:22
7 revolutions
miles
w/80-mm
planar lens,
//2.8
IX. .
Lt. Col. T. P. Stafford
June 3, 1966
13:39
72 hr 21 min,
99 by 166
Hasselblad 500C
S.O. 217
Lt. Comdr. Eugene A. Cernan
June 6, 1966
14:00
45 revolutions
miles
w/80-mm
planar; Hassel-
blad super-
wide-angle-C
w/38-mm Zeiss
Biogon, //4.5;
J. A. Maurer
70-mm space
camera
w/Schneider
80-mm lens,
//2.8
Persons wishing such pictures for other purposes should address their inquiries to the
Audio-Visual Branch, Public Information Division, Code FP, NASA, Washington,
D.C. 20546 (telephone: Area code 202, 96-21721).
Additional information regarding the Gemini program will be found in NASA
SP-138, Gemini Summary Conference, priced at $2.75 and for sale by the Super-
intendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
NASA SP-129, Earth Photographs from Gemini III, IV, and V, may be purchased
for $7 from the Superintendent of Documents.
Table I (Continued)
Gemini Flights VI-A Through XII
Flight
Crew
Date
GMT
Duration
Orbit (approx)
Camera
Film 2
X
Comdr. John W. Young
July 18, 1966
22:20
70 hr 46 min,
100 by 167
Hasselblad super-
S.O. 217
Maj. Michael Collins
July 21, 1966
21:07
44 revolutions
miles and
excursion
to 475
miles
wide-angle-C,
Zeiss Biogon
38-mm lens,
//4.5;J. .A.
Maurer 70-mm
w/Schneider
80-mm lens,
//2.8
XI. . .
Comdr. Charles Conrad, Jr.
Sept. 12, 1966
14:42
71 hr 17 rain.
100 by 177
J. A. Maurer
S.O. 368
Lt. Comdr. Richard Gordon, Jr.
.Sept. 15, 1966
13:58
44 revolutions
miles and
excursion
to 850
miles
70-mm space
camera w/80-
mm Schneider
lens,//2.8;
Hasselblad
super-wide-
angle w/38-mm
Biogon lens,
//4.5
XII
Capt. J. \. Lovell, Jr.
Nov. 11, 1966
20:46
94 hr 34 min,
100 by 175
J. A. Maurer
S.O. 368
Maj. E. A. .\ldrin, Jr.
Nov. 15, 1966
19:21
59 revolutions
miles
70-mm space
camera w/80-
mm Schneider
lens,//2.8;
Hasselblad
superwide-angle
w/38-ram Zeiss
Biogon lens,
//4.5
' Gemini VI was rescheduled to follow Gemini VII and was
renumbered "Gemini VI-.A."
^ Films used for synoptic terrain and synoptic weather photo-
graphy experinents were;
Name T^Jpf Size mm
S.O. 217 Eastman Kodak Etkachrome
transparency 70
S.O. 368 Eastman Kodak Ektachrome
transparency (improved) 70
8443 Eastman Kodak Ektachrome,
infrared 70
3400 Eastman Kodak Panatomic X
(ASA-80) 70
2475 High Speed (.AS.-\-1200) 70
Table II
Gemini Science Experiments
+, experiment successful; — , experiment incompl
lete
Title of investigation
Principal investigator
FUghts
No.
HI
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
SOOl . .
Zodiacal Light and
Airglow Photography
Sea Urchin Egg Growth
— Zero-G
Frog Egg Growth —
Zero-G
Effect of Zero-G and
Radiation on Blood
Synoptic Terrain
Photography
Synoptic Weather
Photography
Spectrophotography of
Clouds
Visual Acuity in Space
Nuclear Emulsion
Agena Micrometeorite
Collection
Airglow Horizon
Photography
Gemini Micrometeorite
Collection
Ultraviolet Astronomical
Photography
Gemini Ion Wake
Measurement
Libration Regions
Photography
Dim Sky Photography/-
Image Orthicon
Sodium Vapor Cloud
Photography
Ultraviolet Dust
Photography
E. P. Ney, University of
+
-
+
+
S002..
R. S. Young, Ames
Research Center
R. S. Young, Ames
-
S003..
-
+
+
+
+
S004..
M. A. Bender, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory . . .
P. D. Lowman, Jr.,
Goddard Space
Flight Center
+
S005 . .
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-1-
S006 . .
K. Nagler and S. D.
Soules, Environmental
Science Services
-1-
S007 . .
F. Saiedy, Environmental
Science Services
-
S008 . .
S. Q. Duntley, Scripps
+
S009 . ,
M. M. Shapiro, Naval
Research Laboratory,
and C. D. Fichtel,
Goddard Space Flight
Center
+
+
+
+
+
SOIO..
C. L. Hemenway, Dudley
+
+
+
+
+
son..
M. J. Koomen, Naval
-1-
S012..
C. L. Hemenway, Dudley
-1-
S013..
K. G. Henize, Dearborn
-1-
S026 . .
D. Medved, Electro-
S029 . .
E. C. Morris, U.S.
S030 . .
E. P. Ney, University of
Minnesota and
C. Hemenway, Dudley
+
S051 . .
J. Blamont, University
S064..
C. L. Hemenway, Dudley
Observatory
—
Part II. Across the Atlantic
I'll put a girdle round about the world in forty minutes," said Puck in A Midsum-
mer-Night's Dream. The pages that follow show the Earth as one might see it from
such a girdle.
This imaginary tour begins and ends at Cape Kennedy, from which the Gemini
spacecraft were launched. The astronauts turned their cameras in numerous direc-
tions while going around the world and photographed some sights from several sides
and angles. Pictures that they took are not shown here in the order in which they
were taken, but the date of each one is given below it.
Cape Kennedy is on Florida's east coast, near St. Augustine, the oldest citv in
the United States. The astronauts sped east from Florida, over steppingstones of
histoiy that are still called the West Indies. On some of their many crossings of
the Atlantic, their first glimpses of the Old World were of the Canary' Islands, from
which 15th-century explorers sailed south and west to discover a relatively small
planet's immensity. Several of their photographs of the West Indies and the Canary
Islands have been included here because contemporary oceanographers and meteor-
ologists are finding them highly informative.
Gemini photographs already have been used to check interpretations of pictures
transmitted to Earth from unmanned weather satellites, and there is no longer any
doubt that a multitude of constructive uses will be found for photographs taken from
high altitudes. "Our unearthly satellites," Edgar M. Cortright, Director of the
Langley Research Center, has written confidently, "will help us solve a host of
earthly problems."
This nearly vertical view of Florida's Atlantic coast in-
cludes both Ponce de Leon inlet at the far left and,
along the shore near the right edge, a tow of pads. The
Gemini spacecraft were launched there. Taken with a
telephoto lens, the picture clearly shows the highway
through Titusville, buildings along it, lakes west of it.
and the bridges to the Kennedy Space Center on Mer-
ritt Island. Between a thin cirrus-cloud layer and the
bulge in the shoreline are two white circles. A promi-
nent roadway leads to crawlei-ways that end at the cir-
cles, which are the sites of launch pads built for manned
flight to the Moon.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 6, 1965 S65-63807
The Gulf Stream enters the Atlantic here. Its border
is marked in this photo by a cumulus cloud line extend-
ing northward from Florida's east coast. Astronaut
Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., stood in the cockpit seat while
the spacecraft hatch was open to take this picture. It
includes a western part of Great Bahama Bank, Cuba,
and the Isle of Pines beyond Cuba in the upper center.
Smooth waters can be seen beyond the tip of Florida,
and an area of divergence shows parallel to its west
coast. Such features denote water conditions that are
significant to the fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico and the
Caribbean Sea.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-63418
The Sun's glitter pattern had shifted eastward when
this picture was taken, a minute after the preceding one.
Oceanographers can obtain information about the
changes in the sea's surface from pairs of pictures such
as these. Cuba extends nearly all the way across the
top of this one. Near the center, to the left of Grand
Bahama Island, is Great Abaco Island. The islands of
Andros, New Providence, and Eleuthera also can be
seen despite the scattered clouds. A dark irregular spot
in the sea near the center, left of an intense reflection of
sunlight, indicates the location of the Little Bahama
Bank.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-63423
Bimini Island is in the center of this eastward view from
over the Florida Keys in the foreground. South of Bim-
ini, U-shaped bars indicate the spillover of water onto
the shallow surface of the Great Bahama Bank. Similar
bars can be seen around the Berry Island group and the
northern end of Andros Island in upper center. In
each case the water spills toward a central portion of
the Great Bahama Bank during storm surges. A long
sandbar is formed where flooding waters meet. On the
ebb, water flows into a channel between the Great Ba-
hama Bank and Grand Bahama Island to follow the
Gulf Stream northward.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62908
The large mass of cirrus and cirrostratus clouds in this
northwesterly view of the sky over the Atlantic Ocean
is the western edge of tropical depression Celia, which
rapidly intensified and became a hurricane the following
day. Cuba is at the left edge of this photo, and the coast
of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina can be seen near
GEMINI X JULY 19, 1966 866-45692
the horizon. The cumulus-cloud streets at the left edge
of the cloud mass are alined with the low-level wind,
which spirals around and inward toward the storm's
center. Pictures from operational meteorological satel-
lites, less detailed but covering larger areas than the Gem-
ini views, are used to track tropical storms.
10
From left to right above the spacecraft's nose here are
parts of Abaco Island, shoals and flats around the Berry
Islands, and the tip of Andros Island. New Providence
Island, the site of Nassau, is in the upper center. Sand
flats and the elongation of spillover bars shov^f the di-
rection of the currents. The net flow between the Ber-
ry Islands and Andros Island is from east to west. Lay-
ers of stratocumlus in the upper right are spread across
the deep waters of the Tongue of the Ocean. In those
clouds one can clearly see an unusual break. This kind
of pattern has been noted in other pictures of strat-
ocumulus over the sea.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 11, 1965 S65-63753
11
Above the northern tip of Andres Island, in the center,
the sea off the Florida coast is light blue where it is
shallow and darker blue where the Northeast Provi-
dence Channel leads into the Tongue of the Ocean to
the south. Dunelike depositions of sand can be seen
in the shallows. The Berry Islands are in the fore-
ground, and New Providence Island at the upper left.
Patches of cumulus and stratocumulus cover some of
the view, and a band of cirrus crosses the upper part.
Although the Great Bahama Bank began to form in the
Cretaceous period, coral built up the present islands
after the sea-level rise that followed the last glaciation.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 5, 1965 S65-63825
12
Tropical clouds camouflaged the islands bordering die
Caribbean Sea when this photo was taken. The Agena
target vehicle was tethered to Gemini XI, and Jamaica
lay directly above it in this northeasterly view. In the
upper left, cirrostratus covered a disturbed area con-
taining thunderstorms, and elsewhere cumulus and
cumulus congestus covered the region under a sparse
veil of cirrus clouds. Eastern and central Cuba were in
the top center and beyond them the Great Bahama
Bank was visible. Serrana Bank was left of center at
the lower edge, and reefs and cays of Bajo Nuevo were
to the right of the Agena.
GEMINI XI SEPEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54571
13
The roughly diagonal line here is Cuba's north coast.
Cumulus and cirrocumulus clouds hover over its farms.
Caibarien is under the clouds at the lower left, and the
pouch-shaped harbor of Nuevitas is in the upper right
corner. Slight submergence of the land in recent geolog-
ical time has notched this shoreline, and left many is-
lands, reefs, and bays. The light-blue area offshore is
the Great Bahama Bank, where the sea is only about 30
feet deep. The darker, circular area at the upper left
edge is the Tongue of the Ocean, where it is about a
mile deep. One can see how submarine erosion has
notched the sea floor around this deep area.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 865-04025
14
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At the left here is Cuba's southern coast. The keys of
Jardines de la Reina, south of Camagiiey province, are
in the center. Santa Cruz del Sur is a short distance be-
yond the upper end of this strip of the coast, and Trin-
idad is below it. The keys shown are on the outer edge
of large shoal banks and are heavily ringed with coral
reefs. Submarine features of the area between the keys
and the mainland can be seen clearly enough to be
charted from this photograph. The geology is mostly
Tertiary sediments overlying folded Cretaceous and
Jurassic strata. Marine sediments are confined to the
coast and offshore areas.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13 1965 S65-64026
15
The eastern tip of Cuba is at the upper left here, the
U.S. naval base at Bahia de Guantanamo in the center,
and Santiago de Cuba farther down the south coast.
Daytime heating of the land had caused typical cumu-
lus activity over Oriente Province. Above Guantanamo
Bay you see the edge of the Sun's reflection in the Wind-
ward Passage. Wave trains and slicks in the glitter pat-
tern indicate the general water motion. A shear in the
cloud line indicates low-level convergence over a shear
in the water. Water motion and waves often can be
seen best when a photo includes the Sun's reflection
from the sea.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 5, 1965 S65-63826
16
Most of Haiti is shown here with cumulus clouds piled
over the highlands. The large island in the center is the
lie de la Gonave. East of it, at the lower right end of a
nearly rectangular harbor, is Port au Prince. Near it are
two large lakes, between which the common boundan' of
Haiti and the Dominican Republic runs; it ends left of
the prominent capes in the lower right corner. Coral
reefs border much of the coastline. The upper peninsu-
la is an extension of the Cordillera Central. It has a
core of Cretaceous and older rocks, flanked by Tertiary
and younger sediments. The lower peninsula's structure
and stratigraphy are similar.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64027
17
The southernmost tip of Hispaniola is now in the fore-
ground. The large lake above the peninsula is Lago En-
riquillo in the Dominican Republic. The smaller lake
above it is the Etang Saumatre in Haiti. Lago En-
riquillo is 131 feet below sea level and contains a large
island. The Valle de Neiba is to the right. The big valley
in the upper center is the Plaine du Cul de Sac, adja-
cent to the harbor of Port au Prince, Haiti's Capital.
Graben faulting along a major wrench fault on the
south side of the island produced this coast-to-coast
valley and lake system. To the north, another mountain
mass is also bordered by a fault valley.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13. 1965 S65-64028
18
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Crooked and Acklins Islands are in the center, and Long
Island above them in this photo taken north of Cuba's
eastern tip. Part of Mayaguana Island is in the lower
right. Thin white lines along the northern shores of the
islands are surf from long waves coming from the open
Atlantic Ocean. Variations in color in the Bight of
Acklin reveal calcareous sand and spillover bars. The
small cumulus clouds are in lines parallel to low-level
northeast winds. Several large-scale cloud bands are
alined in northwest winds aloft. An upper air trough
moved through this area a few hours before the picture
was taken.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, 1965 S65-63857
19
Mayaguana Island is in the center, and Acklins Island
in the upper left of this photo taken as the spacecraft
proceeded east over the Bahamas. Abraham's Bay is on
the left side of Mayaguana. Although no ocean currents
can be seen around the islands, strong surf and wave
action is visible off their northeastern shores. A heavy
surf produced the white fringe on the eastern end of
Mayaguana. Surf also sharpens the image of the Plana
Cays that rise from the sea between the two large is-
lands; waves were rolling over a reef half a mile off-
shore, while the winds were from the east.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, l^fiS S65-63858
20
Guadeloupe's twin islands, Grande Terre and Basse
Terre, are in the center of this photo of the French
West Indies between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlan-
tic. Marie Galante is to the left of the 583-square-mile
main islands. One also can see La Desirade, lies des
Saintes, and lies de la Petite Terre. The Dominica
Channel is left of Guadeloupe and the Guadeloupe
Passage is to the north. Montserrat is in the upper right
and Antigua in the lower right. The cloud distribution
is typical of a fair-weather regime in the subtropics, and
the weak alinement of the clouds indicates light, low-
le\el winds from the southeast.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, 1965 S65-63855
21
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^
Meteorology has been one of the first and greatest ben-
eficiaries of man's recently acquired ability to view the
weather from high altitudes. This cyclonic circulation
over the Atlantic Ocean was photographed about 400
miles southeast of Bermuda, while a Gemini spacecraft
was docked with an Asfena tarafet vehicle. The storm's
center was near the circular clouds that you see around
the antenna of the .'Vgena. Dense cirrostratus formed
the cloud shield at the left, north of the center. The
winds in the lower and middle troposphere were blow-
insr counterclockwise about this center.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62913
79
This is a southeasterly view of the same cyclonic storm
over the Atlantic southeast of Bermuda that was shown
in the preceding picture. It covers the region to the right,
and again the center of the disturbance is shown near
the antenna of the Agena. Numerous cumulonimbus
clouds can be seen throughout the right half of this
photo. Their anvillike tops usually point with the wind
direction at their level. A few cellular-shaped lines of
cumulus are seen near the right center. Operational use
of data from cameras and other sensors in satellites has
become routine in the first decade of man's exploration
of space.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62914
23
What appears to be a large break in these clouds, asso-
ciated with a cold front about 2000 miles east of Cape
Kennedy, is really a shadow cast by a high cloud deck
upon a lower one in early-morning sunlight. Such dark
bands have been seen frequently in pictures transmitted
from operational weather satellites and interpreted as
shadows from higher clouds, often oriented parallel to
the upper wind flow. The Gemini astronauts were asked
to look for and obtain pictures such as this, and their
pictures have helped to convince students and skeptics
that the operational weather-satellite pictures can be
diagnosed correctly and beneficially.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 365-63143
24
This vast network of stratocumulus clouds lay near 20°
N and 20° W. These are open cellular-type convective
clouds in which air rises along the cell walls and sinks
in the centers. This is the opposite of what occurs when
a closed cellular pattern is formed. The surface wind in
the foreground here was from the northeast, right to
left, at 15 to 20 knots. Downwind the cloud openings
decreased, and in the background they tended to aline
themselves in rows parallel to the wind. This type of or-
ganized convection is typical of fields in which the
wind's speed increases with height. The blue band along
the horizon is the Earth's troposphere.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63264
25
These stratocumulus clouds organized in approximately
polygonal closed cells were seen southwest of the Canary
Islands. To produce this type of pattern, there is a gen-
eral weak rising motion below and in the cloud patches
up to a stable layer, perhaps 1000 or 2000 feet above
sea level. This stable layer inhibits further vertical mo-
tion, so there is an outflow from the cloud area and a
descending and, hence, drying, motion in the clear
bands between the clouds. This type of mesoscale con-
vection frequently occurs in an oceanic anticyclone. The
large hole at the lower right was an eddy caused by wind
blowing past one of the islands.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63146
26
Here, on a June day, the Canary Islands come into view.
The tiny one at the left is Hierro. Geographers once
drew the first meridian there because they knew noth-
ing of the world west of it. The dark circular spot as
your eyes swing to the right is Gomera. Above it is La
Palma. That big arrow in the sea is Tenerife. Below its
tip is Gran Canaria. The day that this photo was taken,
cumulus clouds were piled on the windward, northeast-
em slopes of the three Canary Islands that lay closest to
Africa, and clouds connected with an upper-air, low-
pressure system were at the right near the horizon.
GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 866-38442
27
This and the next picture of the Canary Islands were
taken in morning light, actually on the revolution before
the previous picture. The patch of cirrus and cirrostratus
clouds off the Morocco coast and the streaks of cirrus
over the land are alined with a southwesterly upper-
level wind. The large bright area in the lower left is
sunlight reflected from the sea. Apparently the shelter-
ing effect of the Islands calmed the surface and greatly
reduced the reflection towards the camera southeast of
the Islands. The most conspicuous dark "tail" extends
from Gomera, which lies between Tenerife, the largest
island in this view, and La Palma and Hierro.
GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38404
28
1^;
Centuries ago the Canary Islands were known as the
Fortunate Islands. They are less than 100 miles from
Africa, and this photo shows both the islands and the
coasts of Morocco and Spanish Sahara. The Sun rising
over Africa made the sea glisten and small lines of
cumuli at the left cast shadows on the water. The re-
flective pattern to the right of the Sun glitter was caused
by waves on the surface of the sea. The crest-to-crest
distance of the waves was about a nautical mile, which
is unusually long. The sea was smoother and darker to
the southeast in the lee of the islands.
GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 566-38405
29
This and the next three pictures of the Canary Islands
and their environment were taken in December. They
reveal how such mountainous islands interrupt the flow
of air over the sea and create eddies downstream in the
lower atmosphere. Gran Canaria is in the center here,
and part of Tenerife is visible. Clouds cover the upwind
slopes of Gran Canaria's 6394-foot peak. Las Palmas,
the islands' largest city, is on Gran Canaria. The climate
is warm and pleasant. Rainfall on the coast reaches 10
to 15 inches annually, and vegetation at the lower levels
includes the species found throughout the North Afri-
can Mediterranean littoral.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63151
30
Tenerife is in the center of this view of the Canary Is-
lands. Its Pico de Teide crater is 12 198 feet high. These
islands rise from great depths and present precipitous
cliffs to the sea at many places. They consist of trachytes
and basalts erupted intermittently from the ocean floor.
They emerged toward the end of Cretaceous time and
subsequent volcanic activity has increased their size.
The last reported eruption was in 1909 on Tenerife.
The stratocumulus clouds seen here are typical of the
area. Dark, parallel lines in some of them are billows
caused by undulations in the wind flow at the altitude
of the clouds.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63150
31
"This beautiful vortex is typical of the varied weather
phenomena that can be seen from space," Astronaut
Thomas P. Stafford wrote of this photo taken over the
Canary Islands. Tenerife is in the upper left here. When
northeast winds, under a temperature inversion layer,
blow past the mountainous islands, the air is frequently
swirled into a chain of eddies similar to a Von Karman
vortex street. The eddies become visible when strato-
cumulus clouds are present. The center eddy here was
60 miles from Tenerife and its eye was 13 miles wide.
Alongside it, about 35 miles away, other eddies rotated
clockwise.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63149
32
This photo shows clouds west of those in the preceding
picture. The island of Hierro was at the lower edge of
the eddy eye in the lower right center, but was almost
entirely obscured by stratocumulus clouds. The eddy
chain reaching from the top to bottom was a part of a
Von Karman vortex street formed in the lee of the larger
Canary Islands. This phenomenon is also found fre-
quently near Guadalupe Island off Baja California. By
studying photos of these eddies, researchers can obtain
data to relate the physics of the natural vortex streets
to their laboratory experiments. This is the last view
of the Canary Islands area in this series.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63148
33
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This unusually fine display of cirrus clouds was photo-
graphed during an approach to Africa about a dozen
degrees south of the Canary Islands. These clouds lay
off the coast of Senegal and Gambia. Cap Vert can be
seen jutting into the -Atlantic Ocean at the lower left
edge. A radiosonde ascent at Dakar, which is on that
cape, indicated that the winds were east-southeast at 20
knots at an altitude of about 6 kilometers, and becom-
ing southwesterly at 25 to 40 knots above 8 kilometers
at the time this picture was taken. The clouds in the
foreground were probably 9 or more kilometers high.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER II, 1965 S65-63754
34
Ilha de Madeira is north of the Canary Islands, and
about 535 miles southwest of Lisbon. On an approach
to this island, noted for wines and embroideries, the as-
tronauts found a cyclonic eddy in the stratocumulus
clouds at the right. The island is a tiny dark spot about
an inch to the left of the eddy. It is 35 miles long, up to
13 miles wide, and has a peak elevation of more than
6000 feet. It obstructs the broad northeasterly wind
flow, and thus can induce eddies in the low-level wind
similar to those caused by an obstruction in a wind
tunnel. In this case the result was a fairly simple vortex
in the sky near it.
GEMINI X JULY 20, 1966 S66-46040
35
"Europe and Spain enjoying good weather," Gemini X
reported on one approach to Africa, "but not for long if
that storm off GibraUar is an indicator." Actually, the
cyclonic circulation southwest of the entry to the Medi-
terranean was only an eddy on the edge of a large-scale
northerly wind flow over the Atlantic, induced by the
configuration of the land and revealed by stratocumulus
clouds. Portugal and Spain are at the left and Morocco
is at the right. The geologic unity of southern Spain
and Africa is suggested in this photo by the evident
continuity of the Sierra Nevada and related mountains
in Spain with the Riff Atlas in Morocco.
GEMINI X JULY 20, 1966 S66-46044
36
Part III. Northwest Africa
Astronaut James A. Lovell, Jr., thought that the broad western bulge of Africa
was "truly the most interesting area of the world" to see from a spacecraft. Its dry
and desolate terrain was nearly always free of clouds, and he found it a delight to
photograph because there was so little haze to dim its beauty.
The atmosphere's heat and aridity over the sands of the Sahara is less welcome
to travelers on the surface. For centuries this land was as hostile a barrier to ex-
plorers as the Atlantic Ocean. Men went around rather than across Africa to learn
about the world, and the chroniclers of their journeys dubbed it the "Dark Conti-
nent." In photographs taken from very high altitudes, it now often seems to be
the most brilliantly lighted continent.
Photographs spanning vast areas can be obtained more quickly and frequently
from orbiting spacecraft than mosaics can be produced. They are increasing the
geologists' knowledge of the structure of Africa. They can help engineers estimate
the volume of flow in its watersheds. They can facilitate surveys of the distinctive
resources available to the people of Africa's many ambitious new nations. Such
photographs, as you will see in the pages that follow, are also often remarkably
beautiful.
37
Africa's westernmost point, Cap Vert, is in the upper
center here. The camera was jxjinted west, the space-
craft was starting over the Sahara, and the view inchides
part of Mauritania and all of Senegal and Gambia.
Here one can clearly see the transition from tropical
rain forests to open savanna and the desert. The Sene-
gal River flows through the prominent valley in the
upper half of the photo. The escarpment in the lower
right is between the Aouker Basin and the barren land
of the Tagent Plateau. Senegal's glittering capital,
Dakar, on Cap Vert is an historic port, about halfway
between Europe and South America.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63251
38
Here you see the Atlantic coast of Africa north of Dakar
and the most western part of Mauritania. There the
dunes of Azefal and Akchar extend far inland and cross
part of Spanish Sahara. The white spots in the upper
left are salt flats called Sebkha de Ndrhamcha. Toward
the right is the Bale du Levrier, flanked by Cap Timiris
on the south and Cap Blanc on the north. Port Etienne
is on the latter, at the northern end of Mauritania's por-
tion of the coast. Note the prominent fault in the right
center of this photo. You will see more of northwestern
Africa's geological structure in the next few pictures.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63255
39
The Dhar Adrar in Mauritania is the broad ridge under
cirrus clouds in the lower center of this picture. Near its
center are the circular Richat structures that intrigue
geologists. One is more than 25 miles wide, the other
only 5 miles wide. These structures have been ascribed
to meteoritic impact, partly on the basis of a reported
discovery of coesite, but volcanic rocks in the large
structure throw doubt on this theory of their origin.
Igneous instrusions such as laccoliths may have pro-
duced them. Under the clouds at the top of the picture,
vegetation darkens the view of the terrain of Mauritan-
ia and Seneafal.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-63471
40
4
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This is one of the best photos yet obtained of the Dor-
sale Reguibat. Geographers know it as the Yetti and
Karet Plain. The south limb of the Tindouf syncline,
at lower left, borders it on the north; and the Hank
and El Hank bluffs, at upper right, border it on the
south. The latter are a limb of the Taoudeni syncline,
of Hercynian age (Late Paleozoic), which has been list-
ed among the world's largest. The apparent dip in the
horizon at the right was caused by the window of the
spacecraft. The long streaks at the left center are the
southwestern end of the Erg Iguidi, which extends into
Algeria from northern Mauritania.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 15, 1966 S66-63083
41
This view to the northeast over parts of Mauritania,
Spanish Sahara, and Morocco includes some of the
coast south of Agadir at lower left. A few cirriform
clouds are along Morocco's southern coast. The view is
approximately along the axis of the Tindouf syncline.
Outcrops of rocks on each side dip inward, forming
limbs of the syncline. The immense uplift of Precam-
brian rocks at the right is the Dorsale Reguibat. It may
have resulted from removal of Paleozoic and younger
rocks by erosion, or may have been a positive area that
did not receive a great volume of sediments. Faint dark
ridges show where it is cut by dikes.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46063
42
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Morocco's Cap Juby is near the lower center here. Light
spots near it are sah flats. Its annual rainfall is less than
10 inches and comes mostly in the winter, but the cool
Canaries Current produces summer cloudiness that re-
sembles California's stratus. Note how the cloud-cell
size changes over the sea. Streaks of cirrus in the upper
left are over the Atlas Mountains. At the right is the
Hamada du Dra, a plateau underlain by the Tindouf
syncline. Discordant geologic structures on each side of
the Atlantic are often cited to support the theory of con-
tinental drift, but this photo of Morocco and Spanish
Sahara shows concordance to the African shore.
GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38408
43
This is part of the area shown in the photo on the pre-
ceding page. At the left is the Hamada du Dra's western
end; in the center is the south limb of the Tindouf
syncline. These are Paleozoic (chiefly Devonian) sedi-
mentary rocks that have been folded, tilted, and eroded.
The broad desert at the right is the Dorsale Reguibat.
It is a large eroded area of Precambrian rock in Span-
ish Sahara and Mauritania. The deflection of the Tin-
douf syncline is apparent here, but the reasons for it
are not clear. A major wrench fault may pass through
the area in the foreground and be partly responsible for
this deflection.
GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38409
44
The Atlas Mountains extend southwest of Gibraltar to
Cap Rhir, at the top in this photo. The clouds near it
are over a major tectonic boundary, the south-Atlas line
coincident with the Agadir fault. This fault geologically
separates Mediterranean Africa from the bulk of the
continent. The Atlas Mountains were formed in the
Tertiary age with the Alps, Zagros, Caucasus, Himal-
ayas, and others on the site of the former Tethys geo-
syncline. The contorted ridges at right are eroded rem-
nants of older (Paleozoic) structures. Air flowing past
Cap Rhir from the northeast may have caused the eddy-
like pattern offshore.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 866-54764
45
The bright Hnes across this photo are sand dunes of the
Erg Iguidi (an erg is a sand-covered part of the desert)
in western Algeria. They parallel the dominant north-
east trade winds and are formed by reworking of allu-
vial sands. The bands at the left are the topographic ex-
pression of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the south limb
of Sebkha de Tindouf. The black areas above the dunes
are rhyolite intiusions of El Eglab, a Precambrian massif
composed chiefly of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Photos taken of this part of Africa during a Mercury
flight in 1961 have increased scientific knowledge of
the area.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63155
46
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This picture of the Oued Saoura, a wadi in western
Algeria, was taken through a longer focal length lens
than the photo that precedes it. This area is usually
dry and a source of sand for long dunes, but at the top
you see an ephemeral lake that was produced by runoff
from the Atlas Mountains northwest of this region. The
desert absorbs water before it can flow much farther
south. The bedrock structure resembles that of the At-
las Mountains, but is considerably older and is perpen-
dicular to the northeasterly Atlas trend. It consists of
sedimentary rocks with minor volcanics that were fold-
ed in the Paleozoic era.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 5, 1965 S65-63830
47
The Erg Iguidi dunes rule the foreground, and a dust-
storm farther east whitens the top of this photo. The
dark area at the right is the Eglab Massif. It is one of
northern Africa's three major Precambrian highlands
(the others are the Ahaggar and the Tibesti). These
massifs were uplifted and erosion removed whatever
Paleozoic or Mesozoic rocks had been deposited on
them. Volcanic activity often accompanies such uplifts.
Interpreters of earlier photos such as this believe that
the dark blotches at the lower right may be rhyolite
intiTisions, with lighter toned microgranite aureoles.
GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-3S413
48
Centered here you see a small dune field resembling a
cluster of tents. This photo was taken over central Al-
geria and shows the southern edge of the Plateau du
Tademait, which extends more than 600 miles from the
Dhar Adrar to the Libyan border. Its easternmost part
is called the Hamada de Tinrhert. The plateau is under-
lain by Cretaceous limestone. This dark rock has been
moderately deformed by basin-and-swell movement ac-
companied by faulting. The long, straight watercourses
that locally cut the plateau probably follow faults. Wind
erosion of sedimentaiy strata produced the closed basins
in the left foresrround.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 7, 1965 S65-63784
49
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Earth presented this colorful view when the astronaut-
photographer looked down on the central Tassili-n-
Ajjer, at the junction of Algeria, Niger, and Libya. The
broaa, brushlike streaks across the photo appear to be
incipient wind-erosion features, and the prominent curv-
ing cuesta at the top is the western border of the Marzuq
Sand Sea. Overlapping pictures of this area, taken from
spacecraft, are increasing knowledge of wind-erosion
phenomena. The physiography of this area reflects the
prevailing basin-and-swell geologic structure of this part
of northwest Afiica.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54773
50
This photo includes both the area shown on the facing
page and the Mediterranean's southern shore. The Gulf
of Sirte is under the cumuliform clouds in the upper
left, Egypt is on the far horizon, and the Tassili-n-Ajjer
in Algeria is in the foreground. The yellowish circular
area in the center is the Marzuq Sand Sea. The dark
spot between it and the gulf is Al HaiTJj al Aswad, a
200- by 100-mile Quaternaiy volcanic field. Few geolo-
gists outside of Africa are familiar with this impressive
field because such a thinly populated area has long been
difficult to visit. This picture clearly shows the basin-
and-swell tectonic structure.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1965 S66-54525
51
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This view is along the southeastern end of the Tassili-
n-Ajjer in eastern Algeria. The Marzuq Sand Sea of
Libya is in the upper left corner. The black formless
feature in the lower center is the Telut, a large Quater-
nary basalt field. Its linear features extend toward the
upper right and are probably the reflection of structure
in the metaniorphic rocks of the Ahaggar Massif. The
ridges cutting across this structure nearly at right angles
are products of erosion and indicate the direction of the
prevailing winds. The rocks at the lower right consti-
tute the edge of the Ahaggar Massif and probably are
Precambrian.
GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38418
52
This photo was taken as the spacecraft approached the
southern slope of the Ahaggar Massif in southern Al-
geria. The Ahaggar is a rugged mass of Archean and
Paleozoic rock that rises high above the Sahara. One
of its peaks is partly visible in the upper right corner of
the picture. A small outpost called Tamanrasset is just
below the spacecraft. The light area in the foreground
is part of the sandy wasteland known as the Tanezrouft,
or "Land of Thirst," south and west of the mountain
massif.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63157
53
The Ai'r mountain range in the north-central part of
Niger, Africa, is an outHer of the Ahaggar, and is un-
derlain by Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks.
The big, dark, roughly circular areas so prominent in
this picture of the range are plateaus of resistant masses
of granite, intruded as ring complexes. The curved.
fracturelike feature cutting the plateau at the right is
shown on an unpublished map by R. Black and others
as a gabbroic ring dike. A crater in the lower left is
probably a volcanic feature associated with Quatemarv'
massifs. Niger is in a part of the Sahara where rain may
evaporate before reaching the surface.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63158
54
Mali and Niger, south of Algeria, have no seacoast.
The Niger River flows through them on its way to the
Gulf of Guinea, and this photo shows it in central Mali.
The long dart above and to the right of the striated
area is Lac Faguibine. The city of Timbuktu, which
Christians formerly were forbidden to enter, is between
the lake and the river. The dark linear pattern south of
the river is the lesult of flooding of stabilized sand
dunes. El Djouf Desert at the upper right is still one of
the least known parts of the Sahara. A cuesta separates
this sandy desert from the Aouker region to the west.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 ,S65-63247
55
Parts of several African countries are in the foreground,
and Mali and northwest Niger are in the background
of this view. The area shown includes northwest Nigeria,
southwest Niger, northern Dahomey, eastern Upper
Volta, and northern Togo. This part of the world was
not explored in detail by Europeans until many years
after America was discovered. The remarkably straight
lines of cirrus-cloud tufts are oriented east-west over
Nigeria, although their filamentlike structures are near-
ly perpendicular to this direction. The filaments in the
lower left comer of the picture extend for distances up
to 30 or 40 miles.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63240
56
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Cumulonimbi of various sizes dominate the center of
this view of the northern part of the Central African
Republic and the southern part of Chad. Both nations
are landlocked, and the rainfall in this region is pro-
duced mainly by thunderstorms. Several smoke plumes
emanate from the tropical savannatype forest in the
lower right quadrant of the picture. To the north the
desert land gives a reddish hue to the area between the
thunderstorms and the horizon. The blue band along
the horizon is the lower, more dense region of the at-
mosphere called the troposphere.
GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38445
57
This southwesterly view over Lake Chad shows the
sands of the Sahara encroaching on it. Chad is in the
middle of Africa between the desert and the Sudan
grassland. The lake is much smaller now than when
Europeans first saw it. Progressive desiccation has left
only a remnant of what was an extensive lake system in
recent geologic times. Lac Fitri, in the upper left, is on-
ly about 20 feet higher than Chad. The Chari River, at
the upper right, drains a large basin ringed by the
Mbang, Chaine des Mongos, and Jabal Marrah Moun-
tains. Isolated, water-filled depressions can be seen be-
tween many of the sand dimes.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 17, 1966 S65-63969
58
This northwesterly view includes most of Lake Chad.
Four countries — Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Chad
— share its shores. In early June when this photo was
taken, the lake was shrinking as the flood waters from
December and January rains evaporated. The sub-
merged dunes show how it becomes progressively small-
er as the desert robs it of water. Its principal affluent,
the Chari River system, flows northward to enter the
lake below the spacecraft. The only other affluent of
significant size is the Yobe River, visible here at the
left, which drains a small basin in Nigeria. Few roads
lead one to its shores.
GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38444
59
These cellular clouds were photographed over Camer-
oon and the Central African Republic. The light areas
in the center of these large cells show where they are
thickest. They are from 5 to 15 miles wide. The air is
rising in the center of these cells and descending around
the edges. They are in a slightly unstable layer about
2 to 3 miles high. Such cells have been seen more often
over the oceans and at lower levels. The ratios between
the width and the thickness of these cells are much
greater than those found when such phenomena are pro-
duced in laboratory studies. Vegetation and the humid
tropical atmosphere obscure the land's features here.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63236
60
Africa's northern desert meets the continent's jungles in
eastern Chad near the Sudan border. The transition
zone is either wooded steppe or savanna in which the
vegetation is mainly grass between scattered trees. This
probably accounts for the darker hue in the foreground
of this photo, which includes a large part of Chad.
Some clearing and farming of the land, as well as the
increasing density of natural vegetation, may have con-
tributed to the pattern visible here. The area is chiefly
Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks and the
circular structure in the upper center may be a ring
dike or some similar intrusion.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 17, 1965 S65-63963
61
This and the next photo are overlapping views of the
mountains in western Sudan. Here one sees the north-
ern end of the Jabal Marrah range on the Darfur pla-
teau. These volcanic mountains form the divide be-
tween the area around Lake Chad and the Nile Basin.
In the lower left here, Jebel Gurgei rises 7864 feet. The
town of Kutum is on a wadi near it and the provincial
capital, El Fasher, is 50 miles southeast of Kutum. Su-
dan is Africa's largest country, and its boundaries touch
Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, and
the United Arab Republic.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63159
62
This second view of western Sudan shows the southern
end of the mountains there. The volcanic crater of
Jebel Marra, in the center of this picture, is at an ele-
vation of more than 10 000 feet and contains two lakes,
known as the Deriba Lakes. The town of Nyala is lo-
cated along the prominent stream that can be seen flow-
ing west at the left side of the picture. The clouds in the
lower right are high cirrus. These mountains stand be-
tween the area depicted in this section of the book and
the photographs of the countries around the Nile that
are presented in the next section.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 865-63160
63
This photo was taken over the Congo on an approach
to northeastern Africa from its equatorial area. The
clouds at the top show thunderstorm activity near Stan-
ley Pool, the lake in the lower center. This area is main-
ly a broad plateau, from which water drops 900 feet in
215 miles, and the Congo River's course can be traced
here for about 100 miles. Stanley Pool is about 20 miles
long and contains a low marshy area called He Mbamou.
Upriver to the left, steep-faced hills confine the stream
to a width of 1 or 2 miles. Brazzaville is on one bank
and Kinshasa on the other at the right end of the pool.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64022
64
Part IV. Northeast Africa
INo other river has been as intently studied for as many centuries as the Nile, but
neither its source nor the reason for its floods was discovered until this century.
The Nile drains nearly 1 300 000 square miles of Africa, and Aristotle thought that
its waters came from the Silver Mountains — that were later called the Mountains of
the Moon. Gemini photographs now enable one to see vast stretches of the Nile at a
glance.
They also show the whole of the 1450-mile-long Red Sea. At this sea's north-
ern end, the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba are separated by the Sinai Pen-
insula. The Bible describes a parting of the waters thereabouts for the children of
Israel on their return from Egypt to the Holy Land.
The Red Sea occupies a huge crustal rift in the continental shield and its
swampy shores end abruptly in high tableland. Wind erosion has created distinc-
tive features in the terrain there that are not recorded even in recent maps, but that
can be seen clearly in the Gemini pictures.
The currents in the waters around the Arabian Peninsula are complex. Large
numbers of pelagic fish have long been found in the Gulf of Aden on the southern
coastline, and may be confined in certain areas by the ocean currents. Photographs
such as those in this section may be helpful to evaluators of both the inland and
marine resources of this part of the world.
65
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The contrast between western Egypt and the Nile Val-
ley is sharp in this photo. Libya is in the foreground,
and the Red Sea is above the river near the horizon.
The large elliptical feature in the upper center is the
Gilf Kibir Plateau. Gently dipping sandstones underlie
it and there is a V-shaped escarpment to the left. The
larger of two dark circles below the Gilf Kibir is the
Jebel Uwaynat, which is bisected by the border between
Libya and Egypt. These jebels were formed by erosion
and are said to consist of Precambrian rocks with aeger-
ine syenites and granites dominant. The desert here gets
less than 2 inches of rain annually.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 866-54529
66
This is the eastern end of the Mediterranean. The Nile
River and its deUa dominate the left half of the view;
the right half includes Israel, Lebanon, and parts of
Cyprus, Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic, Iraq, and
Turkey. The Suez Canal is in the lower center, and the
Gulf of Suez in the foreground. The narrow body of
water on the right edge is the Dead Sea. The smaller
waterbody in the fault extending northward from the
Dead Sea is the Sea of Galilee. A lake, the Birkat Qarun,
is in the dark lower left corner of the picture. A light
northerly wind had alined cumuliform clouds over Egypt
in parallel rows when this picture was taken.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, 1965 S65-63849
67
""This picture, accentuating the blue of the Red Sea
separating Eg>'pt from Sinai and Saudi Arabia, was
taken while inverted, pointing south and moving side-
wise in orbit," Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., report-
ed. "The radar transponder pointing toward the Nile
River and the wire loop of the tether are on the Agena
which was docked to Gemini XII at this time." The
Gulf of Suez at the bottom of the photo extends north-
ward from the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aqaba to the
left edge. A few cirrus clouds lay east of the Nile, and
cumuliform clouds can be seen over the Red Sea and
Saudi Arabia at the upper left.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-63481
68
North is at the left in this view of Egypt's Nile Valley.
The dark triangle at the left is El Faiyum, a natural
depression 148 feet below sea level. It contains the lake,
Birkat Qarun, and a large irrigated area. Amenenhet I
of the XII Dynasty controlled the level in the lake to
attain some control of Nile floods. The pronounced
bend in the river under the antenna has been ascribed
to the same major fault system that probably influenced
the shape of the Gulf of Suez and the northern Red
Sea. The cirrus clouds in the foreground are embedded
in southwest winds from Libya and the cumulus clouds
at the left are in winds sweeping in from the north.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-63477
69
Jetstream cirrus clouds extended across the Red Sea and
the Nile Valley when this high oblique view to the south-
east was filmed. These clouds are so named because
they occur near the strong core of the upper westerly
wind, the Jetstream, at altitudes bfetween 35 000 and
45 000 feet. This photo also shows important lithologic
and structural features trending toward the southeast.
Tertiary sediments underlie most of the area, but Pre-
cambiian igneous and metamorphic rocks comprise
most of the Sinai Peninsula and surround the Gulf of
Suez. Farms darken the valley in which the Nile flows
northward through Egypt from Sudan.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 15, 1966 S66-63530
70
This photo of the Red Sea, looking south, was taken
from the same spacecraft but on a later revolution than
the preceding one. It shows the cirrus cloud bands still
over the region. They are parallel to the upper wind
and hence indicate its direction. Saudi Arabia is at the
left, and Egypt at the right. Sun glitter brightened the
water of the sea in the lower right. The Red Sea was
so named because occasionally a free-floating form of
microscopic algae "blooms" so profusely that it reddens
the water. Although this sea became a commercial artery
when the Suez Canal was built a centui7 ago, most of
the ports along it are small communities.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 15, 1966 S66-63081
71
Only a few cumulifomi clouds covered the northern end
of the Red Sea between Egypt and Saudi Arabia the
morning this photo was taken. The Nile can be seen
in the lower left. The spacecraft transponder points to
the tip of the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and
the Dead Sea in the upper left corner. The dark Pre-
canibrian rocks on the far shore of the sea in this view
are part of the Arabian-Nubian Massif. An Nafud, a
large sand desert, is in the upper right. This photo shows
distinct dune trends that are alined in the dominant di-
rection of the wind.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54664
72
At most points the Red Sea is less than 200 miles wide.
This is a closer view of part of the Arabian shore seen
on the preceding page. This photo shows the coast of
Saudi Arabia between Duba and Ras Bariji. The dark
massif towering above the blue water is a complex of
Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks that is
parted by graben faulting below the Red Sea. The
black, crablike feature at the far right is a Tertiary-
Quaternary lava flow. The lightly colored sediments
are stream deposits of alluvium and related surficial de-
posits of Quaternary age. The shadows of the clouds
indicate that they were at a great height.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54895
73
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This is a photo of the Red Sea taken from east of it.
Yemen and Saudi Arabia are in the foreground; Ethi-
opia, Sudan, and the United Arab Republic are on the
far shore. Oceanographers have found gold, silver, zinc,
and copper associated with sediments in a 7000-foot-
deep part of the Red Sea northwest of Jiddah, a city
near the shore in the right center. In the depths the
water is 56° C and has 10 times normal salinity. Sub-
marine eruptions and ancient salt beds probably explain
these conditions. Jiddah had a west wind of 15 knots,
and Port Sudan, across the sea, a 10-knot southeast wind
when this photo was taken.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64006
74
Ethiopia is in the upper left and the Arabian Peninsula
in the foreground of this photo taken east of the Red
Sea. The dark area in Ethiopia is the Danakil Depres-
sion, a below-sea-level part of the Great Rift Valley.
Islands and reefs are visible off R'as Isa, the cape on
the near shore. Dark areas in the lower left are volcanic
rock. The prominent fault in the lower right is in Ye-
men. It brings granitic rocks into contact with Jurassic
sediments of the Amran Series in the light central part
of the photo's lower half. There are batholiths of Meso-
zoic or Cenozoic age in the Amran Series which darken
parts of the picture.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64007
75
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For this view of the Nubian Desert east of the Nile, the
camera was pointed east from over southern Egypt and
Sudan. The Red Sea waters at the top are in the north-
ern part of the Great Rift Valley of Africa, which has
been shown to be a graben or downfaiilted block. The
dark areas bordering it are Precambrian igneous and
metamorphic rocks. The dark linear depression at the
right is north of Kassala, Sudan, and is undoubtedly a
subsidiary structure related to the main Rift Valley
faulting. Thin cirrus filaments hide the nearby desert
and several cumiilonimbi rise amid the cumulus clouds
at the right.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54779
76
Before flowing north into Egypt, the Nile curves south-
ward in northern Sudan. To the right of the antenna
rod, where the river is relatively straight and there are
no clouds, is its third cataract. Most of the area in the
foreground is underlain by Nubian sandstone. Circular
features here are similar to those of the Jebel Uwaynat.
Vegetation increases from left to right as the color of
the landscape darkens. To the east the main structural
features of the Nubian Ramp, the Precambrian high-
lands bordering the Red Sea, are visible. Some cumuli-
form and cirriform clouds are shown drifting over the
desert on both sides of the Red Sea.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54531
77
This and the next three pictures were taken only min-
utes apart from altitudes of more than 300 miles. Lake
Tana in Ethiopia is in the lower right. Beyond is nearly
the whole southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. The
bare orange expanse there is the "Empty Quarter" of
Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Showers apparently were fall-
ing on the lava-covered Abyssinian plateau from the
clouds in the foreground. This plateau's average eleva-
tion is more than 6000 feet. Dark areas below the cum-
ulus clouds along the Red Sea's far shore are part of
the Arabian shield, which the Red Sea rift separates
from the African shield.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54533
78
The Red Sea is at the left. From it the Gulf of Aden
extends to the Indian Ocean on the horizon. Between
the spacecraft and the V-shaped Tadjoura Gulf in the
lower center of this photo is Lake Abbe. The boundary
between Ethiopia and the Somali Republic crosses that
lake. Yemen occupies the left part of the Arabian Pen-
insula shown here, and Aden is along the shore to the
east. Major structural lineaments of the Arabian shield,
and the dendritic wadi system of the Hadramawt Pla-
teau, can be observed in this and the next picture. The
spacecraft was ascending when this and the next photo
were taken from an altitude of more than 350 miles.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54536
79
The resolution of this photo, showing some of the same
area as the preceding two, is greater because the view is
more nearly vertical. In the upper center the gently dip-
ping Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments that form the
arcuate central interior homocline of the Arabian Pen-
insula can be seen emerging from below Ar Rab al
Khali. In September the Red Sea's warm waters pour
into the Gulf of Aden over the sill of the strait you see
beneath the spacecraft's transponder. A portion of that
flow, about 150 miles long and 75 miles wide, can be
detected by a difference in the water's hues, caused by
its relative roughness.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54537
80
The Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden are in a geologically
important area. The Gemini photos show several major
structural lineaments which traverse Precambrian and
Cretaceous rocks in this area. The view includes the bi-
furcation of the Great African Rift valley — to the east
under the Gulf of Aden and to the southwest under
Africa to form the Abyssinian rift. The Afar depression
in Africa, in the foreground, consists largely of volcanic
rocks. It appeared to be raining on Ethiopia's highlands
when this series of pictures was taken; air temperatures
reached 100° F along the Red Sea coast 3 hours later.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 866-54783
81
Now our view is to the east across the dry lands of the
horn of Africa toward the Gulf of Aden. The Indian
Ocean shore between Eil and Garad is visible in the
upper left. The cumulus-cloud streets shown here are
parallel to the southwest wind and the clear swath
is over the valley of the Nogal River which flows across
the Somali Republic. A narrow Precambrian ridge ex-
tends eastward from the bottom of the photo and rough-
ly parallels the coast of the Gulf of Aden in the fore-
ground. The dark areas on the right represent Mesozoic
deposits.
GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38424
82
Ethiopia is dotted by large lakes south of Addis Ababa.
They are in the northern part of the Great African Rift
valleys that extend from Syria to South Africa, and are
thought to be graben; i.e., large blocks of the crust that
have been downdropped along fractures. The parallel
lines northeast of Zeway, the northernmost dark lake
here, are indications of these fractures. The three center
lakes are Shala (left), Hora Abyata (middle), and
Langana (right). Cumulus clouds partially hide Awusa
lake at the lower left. The sharp brown marks at the
upper right and a curlicue on Langana's shore are defects
in the photographic film.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63I62
83
Lake Tana in northwestern Ethiopia is the source of the
Blue Nile. It is on a plateau more than 6000 feet above
sea level, and its water flows to the southeast (lower
right) before curving west to irrigate farms in Sudan
and Egypt. Monasteries on the islands in Lake Tana
date back to the 14th century. Extensive lava flows of
late Mesozoic or Cenozoic age overlay the plateau. The
lineament left and above the lake may be the expression
of a fault, suggesting that the lake is of tectonic origin.
Mountains rise nearly 13 000 feet in the region near the
pancake-shaped cumulus clouds to the right of the lake.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64014
84
This photograph shows the Sun brilliantly reflected in
the immense swamp called As Sudd through which the
White Nile flows in Sudan. During Mid-Tertiary time
the Sudd region was an enclosed drainage basin. Then
tilting of the east African plateau during Pleistocene
time chanared the direction of drainasre of Lake Victoria
and additional waters were supplied to the lake here.
This lake soon overflowed, draining off most of the
water and leaving the swamp which exists today. Smoke
from clearing operations on farms is visible at the bot-
tom of the picture.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63161
85
Lake Victoria extends southward from the Equator.
This is its southern shore in Tanzania, where it has
many deep inlets and steep bluffs. The rows of cumulus
clouds running northward direct your eye to Speke Gulf
in the upper center of the picture. The large island at
its entrance, called Ukerewe, rises 650 feet above the
lake water and is densely populated. The town of
Mwanza is at the head of the inlet below the gulf. There
were thunderstorms northeast of Speke Gulf when the
spacecraft passed over this tropical region in December
on its wav to the Indian Ocean shore of the continent.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63232
86
Thunderstomis had generated a canopy of cirrus, pen-
etrated by turrets from upward currents of air, when
the astronauts took this picture of Africa's east coast
south of the Equator. The spacecraft was over the
northern end of the Mozambique Channel. The view
extends from south of Vila do Ibo, Mozambique, to
north of Mtwara, Tanzania. The boundary between the
two countries is the Ruvuma River, which can be seen
entering the Indian Ocean to the right of the center of
this picture. High rocky headlands and steep cliffs on
this part of the coast consist of marine sediments, and
tiny coral islands stud the sea near the shore.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63228
87
For this photo of eastern Africa, the camera was point-
ed west from off its shores. Kenya's coastal lowlands
are in the foreground, and Tanzania's famous safari
lands are near the horizon. Mount Kilimanjaro is the
dark object left of center, flanked by Lake Eyasi on the
left and Lake Natron on the right. The clouds suggest
how the mountains disturb air flowing from the south-
east. Several isolated cloud patches to the right lay near
high peaks ; the one farthest right is around 1 7 050-foot
Mount Kenya. Although these volcanic mountains axe
close to the Equator, ice fields and glaciers are found
on their summits.
GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38453
88
This view is similar to the preceding one, but the coastal
strip shown is farther north and is part of the Somali
Republic. The Equator crosses this area from the upper
left to the lower right. Here the sea-surface temperature
in the Somali Current is about 79° F in June, and you
see fewer clouds over the water than over the land. The
convective cloudiness covers the coastal lowlands and
extends into northeastern Kenya, but over the highlands
at the upper left — the region between the Indian Ocean
and Lake Victoria — the sky is mostly quite clear.
GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 866-38454
89
Several cloud decks are discernible in this picture of
Africa's Indiao Ocean coastline. East-west banding has
occurred in the highest deck of cirrostratus, while cumu-
lus-cloud streets have been embedded in a southwesterly
airflow parallel to the coast at a low level. The camera
was pointed northwest and a strip of the coast of the
Somali Republic near Eil is visible in the clear zone at
the right. Beyond the cloud field, the mainland has a
reddish hue because the landscape is arid here. Eil is on
the Baia del Negro at the mouth of the Nogal River,
which flows eastward from higher areas inland.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45878
90
South of Ras Hafun and just north of the city of Moga-
dishu, the capital of the Somali Republic, this vivid
image of the Indian Ocean shore of Africa was record-
ed by one of the astronauts. The sand dunes extend in-
land and show a typical increase in red coloration as
the distance from the shore becomes greater. The ori-
entation of the dunes follows the dominant winds along
this portion of the continental shelf along the shore. This
strip of the coast is only a few degrees north of the
Equator.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64021
91
Near Africa's eastern tip, the Indian Ocean nearly sur-
rounds Ras Hafun, as you see in the center of this photo
of the coast of the Somali Republic. A narrow strip of
land connects it to the continent. Tidal action on river
affluents has discolored the water of the bay. The small-
er cape at the left is Ras Binnah. It is near the eastern
entrance to the Gulf of Aden. The river running from
the lower right corner of the picture is the Uadi Giael;
it flows into the sea south of Ras Binnah. Two more
pictures of this area follow. They were taken at nearly
the same time as this one. Ras Hafun illustrates what
geologists call a tombolo.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63130
92
This is a closer view of some of the area shown on the
preceding page. Ras Hafun is in the upper left. The
river draining into this large bay is the Darror. The
Uadi Giael crosses this picture near the center. Cumulus
clouds cast shadows on the Earth in the foreground. The
desert here is underlain by Cenozoic marine and con-
tinental sedimentary rocks. The ancient Egyptians called
this northeastern horn of Africa "the land of aromatics"
because in their time, as in ours, Somalia was a princi-
pal source of frankincense and myrrh.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63131
93
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X
This is an even closer view than the previous two of the
Somah Republic. At the upper left is the strip of land
between the discolored Baia di Hafun and the Indian
Ocean. This appears to be a recently emerged coastline.
Indications of this are the raised beach terraces, scarps
parallel to the coast, and a youthful landscape that is
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 365-63132
only slightly dissected by erosion. The climate is hot and
di7. Upwelling of cool water in the sea nearby con-
tributes to the region's aridity. This region can be seen
again on the next page in a photo taken from a much
higher altitude. Ras Hafun is on the right side of the
land shown there.
94
This high-altitude, wide-angle photo of the eastern tip
of Africa helps one relate features of the Earth shown
in other photos that precede and follow this one. The
narrow dark outcrops trending approximately parallel
to the gulf on the coast of the Somali Republic at the
left are exposures of the Precambrian basement com-
plex, overlain and concentrically flanked by Mesozoic
rocks. Near the Indian Ocean at the right, Neogene and
Quaternaiy deposits lay over Palogene sediments. The
cloud streets above the sea show how the winds off the
entrance to the Gulf of Aden generally parallel the
coastline.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S65-54538
95
Part V. The Indian Ocean and Australia
Vjemini astronauts crisscrossed the 5000 miles of water between Africa and Aus-
tralia many times. On most flights die spacecraft passed over Australia at night,
which limited the number of photographs obtained of that continent.
The first pictures in this section were taken south of the Arabian Sea and the
Bay of Bengal, and show some of the many storms that are born and die in that
lonely part of the worid. Even though Magellan's men crossed the Indian Ocean to
circumnavigate the worid in 1521, European scholars knew very little about what lay
beneath its waters until the oceanographers began to probe them late in the 19th
century.
Socotra, the first island pictured in this section, is a continental island like
Ceylon. But the next islands shown are volcanic, and the Chagos and Maldive
Archipelagos mark the site of a great submarine mountain range that extends far
south of the tip of India.
When the spacecraft approached Australia, the astronauts could look down on
one of the stations tracking them. Their photographs show the arid lands of West-
ern Australia, and that continent's northern coast, where the Timor and Arafura
Seas link the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
Photos of India and other portions of southern Asia are in the next section of
this volume ; many of them also show vast stretches of the Indian Ocean.
97
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Little is known about the geology of Socotra, an island
about 75 miles long in the Indian Ocean south of Aden
and Muscat and Oman. A British party resurveyed it a
few years ago for the first time in more than a century.
The surf often makes landing difficult, but it was mod-
erate when this photo was taken and shows as a mere
white line. The light, northerly winds typified those of
the early monsoon season. The tiny islands above Soco-
tra here are The Brothers, and the slender one in the
Sun's glitter at the top is 'Abd Al Kuri. The Brothers
lie on an insular shelf around Socotra, but the channel
is deep between them and 'Abd Al Kuri.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64013
98
This panoramic oblique view from over the Indian
Ocean embraces nearly the whole Arabian Sea. The
horn of Africa and parts of Dhufar, and Muscat and
Oman are at the left. On the right the view extends
past Pakistan, and well down the coast of India. The
low-level wind was southwest in the foreground and
northwest off India south of the Gulf of Cambay. The
Gulf of Oman is near the upper left. South of it one
can see the archlike structure of the Oman Range, and
to the north the general trend of the Makran range in
Iran is visible. The relationship between these inoun-
tains has long been an enisma.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966
99
In this view to the east over the Indian Ocean off the
coast of the Somali Republic, one sees long rows of
cumulus clouds. Some small rows appear to be en-
hanced, others have been suppressed, and the larger
cloud elements form other rows at an angle of approx-
imately 30° to them. A broad line runs from the top
center to the lower right where the clouds have been
suppressed. The mechanisms that produce such phe-
nomena in the atmosphere are poorly understood. Wind
shear, atmospheric stability, and sea-surface tempera-
ture may all enter into the creation of patterns such as
these. The next photo was taken much farther south.
GEMINI IX JUNE 6, 1966 S66-38429
100
The Mayotte Archipelago is in the Mozambique Chan-
nel between Africa and the Malagasy Republic. This
is a westward view of the Comoro Islands there. At the
lower left is Mayotte, surrounded by an extensive, dan-
gerous coral reef. In the center is Anjouan, which has
a central peak 5170 feet high. Moheli, directly above
it, is the smallest of these volcanic islands. Grande Co-
more is at the upper right, but covered by cumulus
congestus clouds. The varied alinement of cumulus in-
dicates a complex low-level wind pattern. A small cloud
eddy induced by the light flow of air past the islands
can be seen near the top of the picture.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 365-63227
101
Shadows and cui-ving lines of cumulus clouds broke the
Sun's glitter on the Indian Ocean between the Malagasy
Republic and the Mascarene Islands farther east. The
curvature of the rows of cumulus may have resulted
from the eddy effect generated by air flowing past
mountainous islands. The island of Reunion is barely
visible in the lower left. The coastline of the Malagasy
Republic is near the horizon where the flattened tops
of thunderstorms rise high into the atmosphere. Several
bands of cirrus clouds are to the left of the Sun glitter.
The reddish image at the top was caused by reflections
within the camera.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63283
102
Several hundred miles east of the Malagasy Republic,
the camera recorded this view of the Mascarene Islands
in the Indian Ocean. Mauritius, in the center, is a
roughly oval island composed of basalt and surrounded
by coral. Uninhabited when discovered in the 1500's,
its population now exceeds 500 000. The rows of cumu-
lus clouds over it are alined east-west. At the left, south
of the island, is an outstanding example of the classic
open convective cloud cell. Reunion, the island in the
upper center, is dominated by two volcanic masses, the
largest of which, Piton des Neiges, rises 10 069 feet.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 365-63284
103
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This and the next two photos of clouds were taken far
east of Africa, almost directly south of the tip of India.
The clouds in this photograph belonged to a weak trop-
ical vortex that was visible near 13° S and 80° E. You
can see several decks of clouds in it, from high-level
cirrus to low-level cumulus, arranged in distinct lines.
Tropical storms are frequently spawned on both sides
of the Equator in this lonely part of the Indian Ocean.
Some of these storms grow to be vigorous, destructive
typhoons; others remain weak, tropical circulations.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 365-63280
104
This picture overlaps the one on the preceding page
and includes the same clouds along its left edge that
were shown in the photo there. This is an eastward look
at the southern edge of a tropical vortex seen over the
waters of the southern Indian Ocean. The alinement
at different altitudes shows the changes in the wind di-
rection with height. Of particular interest here is the
apparent alinement of the lower clouds. This suggests
that there was a diverging northeasterly flow, but be-
cause such a flow is not likely so near to storms, the
apparent alinement may have resulted from the per-
spective of the photograph.
GEMINI Vr DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63279
105
This is a nearly vertical view of a part of the area shown
in the two preceding photographs of clouds in a tropical
vortex over the southern Indian Ocean. The fine stream-
ers of cirrus clouds in the center are being blown in a
direction peri>endicular to the rows of low cumulus
clouds. A canopy of cirrus obscures the lower levels at
the left. Many of these storms originate over the trop-
ical seas west of Sumatra, and some of them travel for
several weeks before striking land or curving into high-
er, colder latitudes to fade away.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63278
106
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All scales of convective clouds can be seen near the
Chagos Archipelago. The clear area at the lower right
was over the Egmont Islands. The cirrus anvil tops of
several cumulonimbi in the Sun-glitter area project
toward the southwest. Small cumulus-cloud streets in the
boundary layer are alined with the southeast trade
winds. The large area of cirrus and cirrostratus in the
foreground is a small part of a massive cloud volume of
convective activity. Weather-satellite photos have re-
vealed similar masses. Their lifetime is 1 or 2 days and
their role in the circulation of the equatorial atmos-
phere is not well understood yet.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 566-45846
107
The Chagos Archipelago, about 250 miles south of the
Maldive Archipelago, consists of five main coral atolls
called the Oil Islands. Two of them, Egmont and Three
Brothers, can be glimpsed between the clouds in the
foreground. The small cumulus clouds there are alined
with southeast trade winds at the surface, while in the
background a vast area of cumulus clouds is organized
in various patterns. These islands are in the equatorial
counter current; fish are plentiful, and green turtles
thrive on their shores. The largest atoll in this group,
Diego Garcia, totals only 1 1 square miles and had only
650 local residents in 1960.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45848
108
Five atolls of the Maldive Islands, a group north of the
Chagos Archipelago, are in the foreground here. From
the right edge they are Nilandu, Kolumadulu, Haddum-
mati, Suvadiva, and Addu. The Equator is between
Suvadiva and Addu. Winds from different directions
are warping the towering cumulus clouds west of Addu
at the lower left. At low levels the trade wind bends the
towers toward the northwest; at an intermediate level
they are being bent to the southwest ; and at high levels,
plumes containing ice crystals are being carried west-
ward. The convection that dominates a large area near
the horizon is producing more cirrus clouds.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45853
109
Suvadiva is the large atoll here, Addu Atoll is below it,
and the small island and reef of Fua Mulaku Island is
between them. Within the lagoon of Suvadiva, the
white spots are cumulus clouds, and the dark ones are
coral knolls typical of Pacific and Indian Ocean atoll
lagoons. The white, pearllike fringe on the shores of
both Suvadiva and Addu is the reflectance from strong
surf produced as waves approach from the south. The
prominent large white cumulonimbus in the foreground
had reached the upper levels of the atmosphere, and the
tops of these clouds were being blown to the southwest
when this picture was taken.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45851
110
This picture shows a thin veil of cirrus clouds being
swept along by high-altitude east winds over the Indian
Ocean south of Ceylon. The camera was pointed west,
and the Maldive Islands are near the horizon, but too
small and far away to be seen. Thunderstorms spew out
long cirrus streamers which may extend for hundreds
of miles in this tropical region. A different, lower level
wind regime had alined the cumulus clouds in the fore-
ground in a north-south line at the time this picture
was taken.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 366-45859
111
Only about 200 of the 2000 small Maldive Islands south-
west of Ceylofi are inhabited. They are grouped in 12
atolls. Suvadiva Atoll is near the center of this early-
morning photo, for which the low Sun brightened the
sides of high towering cumulus clouds. The cirriform
clouds were in thinner, less dense layers and appear
darker. The Maldive Islands are coral caps on the high,
central portions of a long, submerged, partly granitic
ridge. It begins at the approximate latitude of Bombay
and extends southward along the west coast of India.
This Chagos-Laccadive Plateau joins the Mid-Oceanic
(Carlsberg) Ridge near the Chagos Archipelago.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-62974
112
These stratocumulus clouds seen over the southeastern
Indian Ocean looked like floating fields of ice, but the
orbits of the Gemini flights kept them well away from
the polar regions of the Earth. Similar cloud forms fre-
quently are seen off the coasts of California and Peru
where the waters of the Pacific are relatively cool. Some
cellular patterns are discernible in this stratocumulus,
indicating that a Benard cell-type circulation might be
found in the lower atmosphere. A few cirrus clouds al-
so are scattered throughout the photo.
GEMINI IX JUlVE 6, 1966 S66-38440
113
A late-afternoon Sun spread dark shadows of cumuli-
form clouds over Western Australia the day that this
and the next photo were taken. The Ashburton River
valley is in the upper left, and the Indian Ocean shore
in the lower right. The large light area near the sea is
Lake McLeod, a dry salt lake (visible again in the low-
er left corner of the next photo). Lake McLeod is a
short distance south of the Tropic of Capricorn, and
the town called Winning Pool is north of it. Many na-
tions helped to assure the safety of the American as-
tronauts; Australia contributed to the cost of operating
a tracking station on its western coast.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63135
114
Shark Bay and Denham Sound dominate the center of
this view of Australia's westernmost shore. The Carnar-
von Tracking Station, a part of the NASA worldwide
network used to track manned space flights, is near the
mouth of the Gascoyne River in the lower left corner
of the picture. The cumulus and cumulus congestus in
the upper half of the photo are over the higher parts
of the mainland between this shore and Australia's great
deserts. In the central foreground are Dorre Island and
Bernier Island. The city of Wooramel is on the left side
of the large bay in which the topography below the shal-
low water is discernible.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 365-63136
115
This is a wide-angle photo of Australia's northwestern
coast with Eighty Mile Beach in the foreground. In-
land is the Great Sandy Desert; the Lake Mackay is
near the center of the right edge. In the upper left, parts
of Timor are visible despite dense clouds such as persist
over Indonesia much of the year. The Gulf of Carpen-
taria is near the horizon on the right. Cumulus-cloud
patterns cover hilly regions below it. A vast Precam-
brian shield extends across Australia from Perth to the
Gulf of Carpentaria. The area is a broad complex of
pillow lavas, tuffs, and greenstones, flanked by me-
tasediments, all of which are intruded bv granites.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54700
116
In this view of Australia's Eighty Mile Beach, three
coral reefs stand out at the left below a fine-structured
network of cumulus clouds over the sea. The shore here
shows the simple contours and sand beaches of a mature
coast. In the desert inland, long linear dunes cover a
basin of Permian rocks. The V-shaped bay in the upper
center is King Sound, filled with muddy, silty water by
the Fitzroy River. At Tampi Point, above it, much iron
has been mined from Precambrian granites and pegma-
tites. Collier Bay, Brunswick Bay, Prince Frederick Har-
bor, and York Sound are indentations in the coastline
at the top of this photo.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 866-54918
117
Here is Australia's Northern Territory from Joseph
Bonaparte Gulf, in the upper left, east to Cape York.
On the far side of the gulf are Bathurst and Melville
Islands, which shield Darwin from the Timor Sea. The
prominent river entering the gulf is the Ord. The King
Leopold ranges curve across the lower part of this pho-
tograph. Gregory Lake is in the lower center. The plain
area in the upper center is Arnhem Land, a plateau
capped by Jurassic shale and sandstone, with important
mineralization of granodiorites and pegmatites around
Pine Creek on its western end. The next picture is a more
nearly vertical view of this area.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54925
118
This picture overlaps the preceding one. Cold ocean
currents sweep along Australia's coast here and through
the straits to the Timor Sea. Winds from the Great
Sandy Desert were blowing turbid water away from the
shore when this picture was taken. The light-blue areas
near the center, left of King Sound and Joseph Bona-
parte Gulf, are shoal waters around islands and archi-
pelagos. The coastline here is one of submergence, with
tides of 15 to 30 feet, and up to 46 feet in King Sound.
In the right center, the Margaret River joins the Fitz-
roy River. The King Leopold Ranges cross the upper
right center of the picture.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54924
119
Part VI. Southern Asia
(jEMiNi XI rose farther above the Earth's surface on September 14, 1966, than
men ever had gone before. Astronauts Charles Conrad, Jr., and Richard F. Gor-
don, Jr., first realized how high they were when the whole subcontinent of India
came into view. Commander Conrad was so impressed by "how small the world
is" that the sight always will be one of his sharpest memories of the flight.
When photographed from an altitude of more than 400 miles, India's whole
coast was nearly cloudless. A small low-pressure system lay in the north, the wind
was toward the shore on all coasts, and there for India's people it was a pleasant
sea breeze. The air temperature along the coast was about 80° F and only from
7° to 10° higher in the interior.
Man's newly acquired ability to "see" such a system in toto can be very helpful
in quantitative studies of his environment. Not only can the seaward extent of the
ocean breezes be measured, but the sea-surface wind drift, areas of potential up-
welling, and convergences can be plotted for an entire coast. Were such a view
available daily, the value to fisheries, shipping, and meteorology would be incal-
culable.
Some of the pictures in this volume were taken at the request of the U.S. Navy
Oceanographic Office and the U.S. Geological Survey. They contain information
that is frequently lost when photos taken from aircraft are combined to show large
areas.
121
You are looking directly down now on 100 000 square
miles of the Arabian Peninsula's Hadramawt Plateau.
The dark areas near the Gulf of Aden in the upper left
are igneous and metamorphic rock including Quater-
nary volcanics, and the light area is a sand-dune field.
The Hadramawt Plateau's sedimentary rocks dip gently
to the north, and stream piracy is evident in the fore-
ground. Several tributaries of the immense wadi in the
lower right have lost their headwaters to the stream in
the center. This dendritic drainage pattern is typical of
a morphologically youthful stage of erosion on nearly
flat strata.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64010
122
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This view spans about 150 miles of the southern coast
of the Arabian Peninsula, and partially overlafK the
preceding picture. The Hadramawt Plateau is in the
foreground and the Gulf of Aden in the upper part of
the photo. The drainage is partly dendritic, but shows a
trellis pattern near the shore, which may have resulted
from the dip of strata or from faulting. The dark areas
near the water are Quaternary volcanics of the Aden
Volcanic Series. Five old lagoons have been filled and
their inlets closed by depositions that contrast with the
sharp coastal features of the erosional headlands. This
area is immediately east of Al Mukalla.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64011
123
The strait between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of
Oman is directly above the antenna in this photo, taken
from an altitude of about 300 miles. Near the horizon
the folded mountain systems forming the Zagros-Makran
Ranges of Iran and West Pakistan can be seen, as well
as the great depression containing the Baluchistan Des-
ert, Siah Reg, of northern Pakistan and southern Afghan-
istan. Over the Empty Quarter in the foreground, cumu-
liform clouds were widely dispersed. Along the shore of
the Gulf of Oman they were more prevalent in a sea-
breeze circulation. Beyond the Arabian Sea, India is
faintly visible at the far right.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54669
124
This photo shows the whole Gulf of Oman. The south-
eastern end of the Persian Gulf is in the foreground and
the Arabian Sea can be seen at the top. The large island
at the lower left is called Qeshm, and the light area
above the spacecraft nose is the Trucial Coast. In the
distance, northeasterly winds can be seen carrying dust
out over the Gulf of Oman for 150 miles near the bor-
der between Iran and West Pakistan. This and the next
photo are of considerable geological interest because of
the clarity with which they show the Strait of Hormuz.
In a geological sense, this strait separates Africa from
Asia.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-63486
125
In this view to the east, Iran is at the left and Saudi
Arabia at the right. The peninsula that juts into the
Strait of Hormuz is the northern end of the Oman
Range on the Arabian Peninsula. It points to a sharp
discordance, called the Oman line, at the left, in the
Makran Ranges in Iran. These ranges seem to have
been moved to the south by an immense thrust fault.
There are reasons to doubt this, but a considerable dis-
location of fold axes is certainly apparent, and the con-
cept is of interest because of the insight regarding the
nature of the Oman line that geologists may gain from
high-altitude photography.
GEMINr XII NOVEMBER 15, 1966 S66-63082
126
This view of the Zagros Mountains in Iran and the
Persian Gulf shows anticlines generally composed of
Cretaceous or Tertiary sedimentary rock cores, sur-
rounded by upturned younger strata. The uplift of these
mountains began in the Pliocene era and has outstripped
erosion thus far. Salt beds have figured in their history
by forming plugs and flowing upward as rheids in many
places. Some have penetrated thousands of feet of rock
to reach the surface. The dark circular or elliptical
masses near the coast at the upper left are salt plugs
that are exposed at the surface. They would dissolve
soon in a wet climate, but here they survive.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-63483
127
This is the front of the Himalaya Mountains in India
and Nepal. This is a fascinating area geologically be-
cause the Himalayas here are an extremely complex as-
sortment of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
rocks, ranging in age from Precambrian to Recent, that
have been thrust southward where the Indian Peninsula
begins. The city of Rampur, India, lies near the lower
center of this view, and the mountains at the upper right
are in Nepal. The rivers, including the Sard at the up-
per right, are tributaries of the Ganges, which flows in-
to the Bay of Bengal east of Calcutta. The next photo
shows the Himalayas from another vantage point.
GEMINI VI DECEMBER 16, 1965 S65-63128
128
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Mount Everest is about an inch to the right of the cen-
ter of the view of the Himalayas from west of Nepal to
Bhutan, and 8 more of the world's 12 highest peaks are
visible. Over India at the left the air is hazy, and thun-
derstorms catch early-morning sunlight south of the
mountains. In the clear area at the right edge is the
Brahmaputra River. The central peak of the forked
range in the right foreground is Kula Gangri. The
Himalayas were formed by thrust faulting along the
margin of the central Asia tableland. As they were
thrust southward, the cioist folded to form the sub-
Himalaya chain in front of the main mountains.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 15, 1966 366-54840
129
Notice the great U-shaped cloudline around India in
this photo. Subsiding air in a sea-breeze circulation re-
suhed in the suppression of convective clouds off the
peninsula's coast for 30 to 50 miles on the west and 120
to 150 miles on the east. The occurrence of polygonal
convection cells of cumulus clouds indicates heating of
the air by the water and a lack of winds. Vegetation
darkens the mountainous regions of Western and East-
ern Ghats, but the reddish soil of southern India can
be seen between these ranges.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54677
130
The Coleroon River and other topographic features of
the tip of India can be seen here, as well as typical day-
time cumulus-cloud activity, with many cloud elements
in long lines parallel to the wdnds. Southern India was
included in the synoptic terrain photography experiment
because the Indian Upper Mantle Project is focused on
it, and photos such as this show more than mosaics. Be-
tween India and Ceylon, at the far right, the sea is so
shallow that a small drop in its level would rejoin the
two areas. The islands and shoals there are known both
as Adam's Bridge and as Rama's Bridge. The next two
pictures show more details of Ceylon.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54904
131
This picture overlaps the previous one. It includes all
of Ceylon, yet the Himalayas, roughly 2300 miles away,
are faintly visible on the horizon. Ceylon is 270 miles
long. Its people are clustered on the moist southwestern
third of the island. Dry areas elsewhere were irrigated
and productive 2000 years ago, but later were neglected
until recent times. At the upper right, cirrus clouds can
be seen streaming westward toward Ceylon from a con-
vective area in the Bay of Bengal. At top center there is
another region of cloudiness near Calcutta. It is asso-
ciated with a weak depression.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54678
132
You are looking south now at the shallow water be-
tween Ceylon, on the left, and India, at the right. Palk
Bay and Palk Strait are in the center and the Gulf of
Mannar at the top of the picture. Rama, the hero of
Ramayana, is said to have built a bridge here to take
his army from India to Ceylon. A road-railway-ferry
system now crosses this shallow area. The high thin
clouds over Ceylon are probably associated with a trop-
ical storm in the Bay of Bengal. Ceylon is within 450
miles of the Equator, but oceanic winds temper its hot,
humid climate. At the lower right, the Coleroon River
at Thanjaviir is visible.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 11, 1965 365-63743
133
About 90 minutes after the Gemini XI photos on pre-
ceding pages were taken, the spacecraft crossed the In-
dian Ocean again and obtained this view. In it one can
see how the clouds developed and changed in the brief
time it took the spacecraft to circle the world. India and
Ceylon are near the horizon at the left. Cumulus con-
gestus over Ceylon had become cumulonimbi, with
elongated, anvillike tops extending nearly 100 miles to
the Indian coast, by the time this photo was taken. Over
the equatorial Indian Ocean in the foreground, dense
cirrus and cirrostratus clouds hid many of the low-level
convective clouds.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54544
134
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Southeastern Ceylon is in the lower left comer of this
picture of long fingers of cirrus clouds reaching west
across the Bay of Bengal. The thick cirrus near the top
of this northeasterly view is emanating from convective
storms over the Malay Peninsula. The cloudiness near
the upper center is west of the Nicobar Islands, and is
typical of that seen in tropical Southeast Asia. Details
discernible in Gemini color pictures such as this have
helped the meteorologists who interpret the photographs
televised to Earth from unmanned satellites.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54681
136
This view eastward across Sumatra shows the great
quantities of cirrus produced by cumulonimbus clouds
in this equatorial monsoon climate. The intense convec-
tive activity, which produces more than 100 inches of
rain a year in much of this area, is particularly evident
over northern Sumatra in the upper left, and along a
line which cuts across the lower right corner of the pic-
ture. In the lower levels the undeveloped cumuli show
open cellular patterns in some areas, as well as a sug-
gestion of a vortex in the right center of the photo.
Monthly mean temperatures average about 80° F at sea
level in this part of Indonesia.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54686
137
The long shafts of cirrus clouds at the left here trended
southwest from northern Borneo. The view is to the
northeast and includes many of the Indonesian islands.
They are the spice islands that Columbus sought. The
clouds above them in this photo were predominantly
convective in a moist, unstable atmosphere. Southern
Sumatra is at the left behind the antenna; Java is the
long, narrow island in the center, and the Sunda Islands
stretch toward the horizon. Borneo is in the upper left
corner. Celebes, across the Makassar Strait, is to the
risrht of Borneo and well cloaked in clouds.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54691
138
This is a view to the northeast from over the Indian
Ocean near the Equator. The photo shows several ex-
tremely long bands of cirrus clouds lined up northeast-
southwest at a time when cumulus clouds were sparse
in the lower atmosphere. The dark mass discernible
through the thin clouds at the upper left is northern
Sumatra. The islands off its west coast here are Simeu-
lue, at the left; Banjak, in the upper center; and Nias,
in the right center. Notice how the moist equatorial at-
mosphere obscures the eastern lowlands of Sumatra
bordering the Strait of Malacca more than it does the
central highlands.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 366-45782
139
Off Sumatra's southwestern coast many large volcanic
islands, with small ones scattered among them, rise from
a submarine platform in the Indian Ocean. They are
part of a chain that extends on toward Java and Aus-
tralia. Thin cirrus clouds veil the upper part of this
view, but Tanahbala, the southernmost of the Batu
group, can be seen at the left, and Siberut, the largest of
the Mentawai Group, is near the center. Some of Siber-
ut's peaks rise more than 1000 feet. The cumulus-cloud
streets at the lower right trend north-south, west of
Sibenit. Thick forests cloak many of the islands in this
chain and coral reefs have risen around them.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45785
140
This photo of the Mentawai Archipelago overlaps the
preceding one. Siberut Island is at the left, Sipora Is-
land in the center, Utara and Selatan Islands are at
the right, and numerous other small islands are includ-
ed. Sumatra's west coast along the southern slope of the
Barisan Mountains is at the top. The surf was creating
bright lines along the western and southern shores of
the islands when this picture was taken, suggesting that
an onshore wind was blowing. Cumulus clouds were
lined up in a southwest wind over the islands, while
cirrus plumes were blowing from the northeast at a high-
er level.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45787
141
Sumatra sprawls across the Equator south of Bumia and
Malaysia. In the middle of this photo, cumulus clouds
alined with southeasterly winds rib its central lowlands.
The Strait of Malacca is at the right of boomerang-
shaped Bengkalis Island. The narrower Pandjung Strait
in the upper center separates several large islands from
the mainland. The Siak and Kampar Rivers, flowing
north and east from Sumatra's mountains, fill this strait
with mud and silt. Thin cirrus clouds shroud forests
and jungles on the hot, humid islands. A denser band
of cirrus partly conceals a cumulus-cloud line that ex-
tends upward at the right.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45791
142
This view northward over the Bay of Bengal shows the
Irrawaddy River delta in Burma. The Gulf of Martaban
in the lower right is 150 miles wide, and some of the
river's several mouths are visible left of it. Rice is grown
on the alluvial lowlands of this fertile delta. The brown,
silt-laden water being discharged into the Andaman
Sea is evidence of denudation upstream that has been
estimated to be 1 foot in 400 years. At the left the
northern part of the Andaman Islands can be seen.
Cumulus streets prevail over the bay and sea, but there
are also a few scattered cirrus clouds.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-62976
143
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The Gulf of Martaban is in the center and Thailand is
at the right here. The Irrawaddy River delta is at the
left, and from it a valley runs north to a dry, light-
colored region near Mandalay that is sometimes called
the Purple Plain. The river to the right of the Irra-
waddy is the Sittang, and the Pegu Yoma separates the
two valleys. The view is up the strike of the Arakan
Yoma and other mountains in Burma. Geologically
these mountains are continuous with the island arcs of
Indonesia. Many geologists consider such arcs peripher-
al to growing continents. The accretion underway here,
however, is occurring along the strike of the arc.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-62979
144
Cumulus clouds have grown to extensive heights here,
pumping heat and moisture into the high levels of the
atmosphere, where cirrus plumes are beginning to ob-
scure the lower clouds. The many stages of cumulus de-
velopment depicted here were producing summertime
showers over Kwangtung Province in China when this
photograph was taken. East is at the top of the picture.
Nearly 75 miles of coastal southeastern China can be
glimpsed in the upper right corner. Offshore, a line of
cumulus clouds parallels the bay-indented, island-stud-
ded coast of the Asiatic mainland.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 366-45945
145
The camera was pointed northeast along the Formosa
Strait to obtain this picture of Taiwan and the coast of
China. The Pescadores Islands are sHghtly above and
left of its center. Hot, humid air hangs over southeast-
ern China in the summer, and an unstable southwesterly
current of maritime air had converared with the North
Pacific trade winds to produce the clouds and showery
weather shown here. The cloudiness on the left pre-
ceded a weak cold front near the mouth of the Yellow
River. The muddy water from river mouths is faintly
visible at the upper left.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45860
146
This view toward the west of northeastern China in-
cludes the 70-mile-wide Hangchou Bay, at the right,
into which the Fuchun River empties. The larger clouds
are thunderstorms which are effective generators of
precipitation over this region during the summer. The
cumulus clouds at the upper right are in a northeast-
southwest alinement. The area shown is largely in
Chekiang Province, and includes the large cities of
Hangchou, Shaohsing, and Ningpo. They are not re-
solved because of the range and atmospheric scattering,
but the distinctive sediment patterns off the Fuchun
and other rivers can be seen clearly.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45960
147
China is at the left, the Pescadores Islands in the cen-
ter, and Taiwan at the right here. The mainland's coast
is in a youthful stage of development, and jagged be-
cause erosion has not yet produced offshore bars or ex-
tensive coastal plains along it. The convective cloudi-
ness at the right is in air coming from the southeast
over Taiwan's 12 000-foot Chungyang mountain range.
Tides complicate the currents in the Formosa Strait
here. Astronaut John W. Young called this a "lucky"
photo because it was made while the spacecraft was
driftina; in a random attitude over the strait.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45866
148
Looking back toward Asia from over the Pacific, 180
miles of China's coast, from Fuchow at the left to Wen-
ling at the right, were photographed. The river in the
foreground, with an island in its mouth, is the Ou
Chang. Sediments discolor the coastal waters near it.
Along the right edge, sections of the Yangtze River be-
tween Kiukang and Siangfu can be glimpsed. The con-
vective-type clouds, from some of which rain was fall-
ing, were over mountainous terrain that rises 5000 feet
in places. The region at the left, where the clouds are
thickest, is a climatic wind convergence zone during the
summer.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45958
149
Convective clouds cover much of Taiwan in this south-
erly view, but its shorelines are visible. Taipei is at the
lower center. A tropical storm was dissipated east of the
island the previous day. The cloud streets beyond the
southern tip are alined now in an easterly wind near the
surface. Cumulonimbi are in scattered groups elsewhere.
Left of the big island, the tops of thunderstorms are
directed toward the east, indicating that there is a west
wind at their level, and an open cellular formation of
cumulus clouds also can be seen. The cirriform under-
cast near the horizon conceals the northernmost of the
Philippine Islands.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45956
150
Taiwan is a rugged, forested island 250 miles long that
parts the major current in the sea the way a ship does.
As the "bow wave" spreads, the upwelling near the
shore makes the sea darker blue above the island's
southern tip, and lighter blue where an evenly rough-
ened surface reflects the sunlight. More lowland shows
west of the mountains than to the east. The braided
patterns of the rivers are typical of streams issuing from
steep mountainous areas. One of several wrench faults
that ring the Pacific underlies the narrow eastern valley.
"This picture," the astronaut noted, "shows many of the
major features that we look for in Earth photography."
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 366-45868
151
Part VII. Across the Pacific
It was God's pleasure," Marco Polo wrote after his travels seven centuries ago, "that
we should get back in order that people might learn of the things that the world
contains." After crossing the lands that were on the frontier of knowledge in Marco
Polo's day, the world's largest ocean still lay ahead of the Gemini astronauts.
The Pacific covers nearly a third of the Earth's surface. It has deeper waters
than any other ocean, yet it is studded with volcanic island chains which prim-
itive people, looking at the stars, reached centuries ago in crude boats. Several of
these beautiful bits of land are shown in the photos that follow.
Here, too, you will find a sunrise and a full Moon as photographed from above
the clouds that sweep over the Pacific. The astronauts saw the Sun rising and set-
ting far more often during their revolutions of the Earth than people on the Earth's
surface. They were given general astronomical briefings on phenomena to observe
and the reporting procedure to follow so that maximum scientific use could be made
of their observations. In addition to the pictures reproduced here, they obtained
color photographs of the airglow, the zodiacal light, and the solar eclipse that oc-
curred November 12, 1966.
Thus the Gemini science program began what well may be called the extension
of the scientific laboratory into space. It demonstrated the usefulness on many
occasions of having men aboard spacecraft. More sophisticated and challenging
experiments are being designed now, because men have found new ways of learning
about things that the Earth and the solar system contain.
153
"The photo [above] was taken," said Astronaut David
R. Scott, "during the second sunrise for Gemini VIII.
I had hastily unstowed the camera and was anxious to
make sure it functioned properly. ... I was in hopes
of capturing the magnificence of the scene, particularly
the airglow and thunderheads. Unfortunately, the tioie
fidelity of the view was not recorded by the camera."
(More sensitive emulsion or longer exposure, or both,
would be required to bring out the dim light features.)
Study of twilight or dawn bands is of considerable in-
terest to scientists. The spacecraft was near Guam when
this photo was taken.
GEMINI VIII MARCH 16, 1966 S66-25771
154
"The Moon varied greatly during the 2 weeks of flight,"
Gemini VII's Command Pilot Frank Borman wrote
afterward. "Jim [Lovell] took this picture of the full
Moon as a symbol of our next goal in manned space
flight, the lunar landing. I think it also dramatizes the
difference between mere orbital flight and the future
adventures that will take man a quarter of a million
miles into the ocean of space." The two astronauts were
over the Pacific on their 63d orbit. Trade-wind cumuli
lay over that great body of water and extensive areas of
cirrostratus were penetrated by the more active cumu-
lonimbi.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, 1965 S65-63872
155
These clouds came into view over the East Caroline
Basin where seamen encounter northeast trade winds
north of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean. A
variety of convective clouds is shown here, some of
which are forming open polygon-shaped cells with larg-
er cumuli and cumulonimbi at the cell comers. Air gen-
erally sinks within the open region in a cell and rises
near the edges where the clouds are found. The north-
em half of Murilo Atoll is just above the spacecraft
nose. It is near Truk Island, and about 9° north of the
Equator. The lagoon enclosed by this atoll is about 10
miles wide.
GEMINI X JULY 19, 1966 S66-45653
156
Here are 8 of the 80 coral islands in the 1300-mile chain
of the Tuamoto Archipelago, a part of French Poly-
nesia, about 16° S and 145° W in the South Pacific.
The seven most prominent atolls are, from left to right,
Tikehau, Rangiroa, Arutua, Kaukura, Apataki, Toau,
and Fakarava. A thin line of clouds in the center points
downward to Niau. The poorly organized cumulus ac-
tivity is typical of the fair weather in this area. Coco-
nut, breadfruit, and pandanus trees grow on these re-
mote islands and the limpid waters of their lagoons
yield pearl oysters. The islands shown in the next few
pictures are far north of this archipelago.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 5, 1965 S65-63827
157
This is a nearly vertical view of two of the western
Pacific's many volcanic islands, and shows both the
motion of the clouds and the waters around them. These
are the Daito Islands, about 200 miles east of Okinawa
and 400 miles south of Kyushu, Japan. The larger one
is Kita Daito Jima. The turbulence in the deep channel
between it and the one below it in the photo and the
cross-swell pattern behind them can be seen. In the
original transparency of this picture, a typical wind
slick, or "tadpole tail," behind the islands can be seen.
It is mainly behind the larger island and indicates the
wave action and water motion.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45871
158
The most western part of the United States photo-
graphed on the Gemini flights was Kure Island, at the
lower left here. The Midway Islands are in the center
of the picture, and Pearl and Hermes Reef is at the
upper right. Coral colonies built these gemlike dots in
the sea on the summits of eroded submarine volcanoes
that scientific studies indicate were active at this western
end of the long Hawaiian chain before others erupted
farther east. Test drillings have shown that the basaltic
volcano base of the Midways subsided before the mid-
dle Miocene epoch.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 9, 1965 S65-63726
159
More details of Pearl and Hermes Reef and the lagoon
that encloses its dozen islets can be seen in this photo
than in the preceding one. Pearl fishermen once inhab-
ited these beautiful protuberances from the Pacific, but
these islands are now -part of a national wildlife refuge.
The islands from Nihoa to Pearl and Hermes Reef are
often referred to as the "bird islands." Mark Twain
called the Hawaiian chain "the loveliest fleet of islands
that lies anchored in any ocean." Virtually all of the
habitable islands of the Pacific were populated before
the arrival of Europeans.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 9, 1965 S65-63727
160
This cloud system was photographed over the Pacific
Ocean about 400 miles west of Midway Island. The
view was northeasterly along curving cloud lines that
marked a cold front which extended into the cloud
shield of a cyclonic disturbance at the upper right. The
cool air behind the front was being heated by the sur-
face of the sea, and cumulus clouds had formed a cellu-
lar pattern near the center of the photograph. Cirriform
and cumuliform clouds can be seen preceding the cold
front at the right. This picture was taken in November
and the same cold front and cyclonic disturbance were
photographed again the next day.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-62951,
161
After taking the picture on the preceding page, the
astronauts circled the Earth 15 times before taking this
one north of Midway Islands. This is a view to the
northeast along the same cold front that they had noted
the day before. This front was part of a cyclonic dis-
turbance, the center of which can be seen at the far
end of the clearing. The more dense cloudiness near the
center of the picture probably had thunderstorms em-
bedded in it along the boundary between the warm and
the cool air. Cirrus clouds are shown over the frontal
clouds, stratus clouds are to the right of them, and
cumuliform clouds to the left.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63076
162
This and the next photo were taken very soon after the
one that immediately precedes them was taken. From
the foreground to the center of this picture are Kure
Island, Midway Islands, and Pearl and Hermes Reef,
surrounded by blue-green lagoonal waters. The same
low-pressure system over the Pacific that was shown in
the preceding picture is shown here in different light.
The cold front crosses the center of this picture from
left to right in an arc of cumuliform clouds that touches
Pearl and Hermes Reef. The cooler air in the fore-
ground lay behind the cold front. Ahead of it, toward
the horizon, the air was warmer.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63077
163
This is a southwesterly view along the same cold front
near the Midway Islands in the Pacific that you saw
in the three photos that have preceded this one. This
shows the cold front from another vantage point. The
blue-greenish spots, barely discernible, are, from the
right center to the upper center, the images of Pearl
and Hermes Reef, Midway Islands, and Kure Island.
The surface winds at Midway Island were westerly at
10 knots when this picture was recorded. The bright
region is Sun glitter from the surface of the Pacific.
Several series of meteorological pictures such as these
were obtained during the Gemini program.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63080
164
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Few large areas of the marine atmosphere in and near
the Tropics ever seem completely devoid of clouds.
There is about one cloud for every 2 square miles of
ocean surface in this picture, even though the total cov-
er seems small. The blue-green outline of Pearl and
Hermes Reef is detectable near the right edge of this
photo under a few scattered cumulus and cirrus clouds.
These reefs are near the western end of the chain of
inlets and reefs that extends for approximately 1250
miles northwest from the main islands of the Hawaiian
group. Most of these bits of the State of Hawaii are
uninhabited.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45844
165
The sky west of Midway Islands offered the viewer an-
other lesson in meteorology the morning that this photo
was taken. Small cumulus clouds were sfrowin? into
polygonal, cell-like structures. This occurs when the
surface water is warmer than the air, the temperature
is evenly distributed, and there is little or no wind. The
cells in this view were not fully developed. Whether
they would become well-formed Benard-type cells de-
pended on the time available for formation, the differ-
ence in temperature between the sea and the atmos-
phere, and the height through which the convection
was occurring.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-45841
166
These stratocumulus clouds lay over the Pacific west of
Ecuador, South America. The three prominent holes in
them, at the upper left, were over the volcanic cones
of the Galapagos Islands' mountains. The upper one is
above Isla Fernandina's 5075-foot peak; the middle and
lower ones are above Isla Isabela's two northernmost
peaks. The lines resembling bow waves near each hole
were caused by air moving past the mountains from
the east. Although the Galapagos Islands are on the
Equator, their climate is temperate throughout the year
because they are in the path of the cool Peru Current.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, 1965 S65-63854
167
Victor Hugo called clouds "the only birds that never
sleep." This restless flock of them was photographed
in the late afternoon over the eastern Pacific about
1000 miles southwest of Baja California. Vigorous con-
vection in the cloud mass at the left was producing a
cirrus cloud of ice crystals in the tropical sky, and thin
cirrus was spread over wide areas elsewhere. Polygon-
shaped open cells of cumulus clouds can be seen at the
lower right, and there are a few cloud streets in the
center of the photo. The camera was pointed toward
the southeast.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1965 366-63464
168
This is a southeasterly view of the eastern Pacific Ocean
that includes the Baja California Peninsula and Mexico
at the upper left separated by the Gulf of California.
Guadalupe Island, in the left center, is surrounded by
stratocumulus clouds. Downwind from the island, a
chain of vortices has formed similar to eddy patterns
found near the Canary Islands in the Atlantic. The
patterns in the foreground indicate cellular convection
was occurring in the air near the sea surface. The closed-
cell type predominates here, but there are open cells
in several areas in the foreground and the upper center.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66-63493
169
This more nearly vertical view of the Von Karman
vortices downwind from Guadalupe Island was obtained
a minute after the preceding one, when the island was
behind the spacecraft nose. These eddies over the eastern
Pacific Ocean are disturbances caused in air flowing
past its mountainous islands. Weak convective currents
in the lower atmosphere give the stratocumulus clouds
their cellular appearance. In a closed cell, the air ascends
near the center and descends at its edges. The circu-
lation is the opposite of this in an open cell, which has
clouds for walls and a clear center. Both types of cells
are represented here.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 13, 1966 S66H33494
170
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Guadalupe Island is in the center of this photo, taken
on a clearer day than the other pictures of it in this
group. It is a game preserve for elephant seals, and is
about 25 miles long. The winds on this day were north-
erly and aided in the formation of low stratus clouds
over the island's northern coast and the development
of counterrotating eddies downwind. The curved, poorly
developed cumulus lines evident here follow, in part,
the eddy system in the marine layer. Long, open waves
approaching the island from the open Pacific developed
the white surf on the island's western shore. The space-
craft window blurred an upper corner of this view.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 8, 1965 S65-63870
171
Guadalupe Island is in the opening in the clouds at the
lower right. It is about 180 miles west of Baja California,
the long peninsula visible in the center of the photo,
beyond the clouds. The island is an extinct volcano that
rises from a great depth to an altitude of more than 4900
feet. The large openings in these stratocumulus clouds
are Von Karman vortices that have formed downwind
of the island. The cool California current produces a
marine climate in this offshore part of Mexico. The
Mexican mainland is visible along the horizon beyond
the Gulf of California.
GEMINI X JULY 19, 1966 366-45656
172
Part VIII. South America
Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan took many of the photographs in this section on
what he thinks was "the most fascinating and beautiful trip a man ever made across
South America." The spacecraft carried him over the continent on a southeastward
course that it would be arduous to follow on foot, and the weather was clear when
he looked across Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina.
"Without blinking an eye," he wrote afterward, "I could see the high Andes,
the Pacific Ocean, the great Altiplano with a jewellike Titicaca, the rain forests of
the Amazon Basin, and the Chaco plains on down our orbital path." In addition
to what he saw, this section contains pictures taken on three other Gemini flights.
These include some examples of photos taken on color infrared film. The
camera has enabled men to use parts of the spectrum to which their own eyes do not
respond, and this increases the information obtainable from afar about conditions
on the Earth's surface. By combining the observations made in different spectral
bands, scientists obtain still more information. This enables them to survey and
study developments in parts of the Earth that are difficult and sometimes perilous
to enter.
South America has been generous to bygone civilizations as well as to our own
(e.g., the potato originated there), but our knowledge of many parts of it is still
shamefully meager and can be enhanced by photographs such as these.
173
This is the towering Andean cordillera in Peru as seen
from over the Pacific Ocean. The narrow coastal plain
in the foreground is between Lima and San Juan. Pen-
insula Paracus is nearly in its center. Beyond the peaks
above it, the Rio Ucayali, and the VilCabamba Moun-
tains, the view extends into the Amazon Basin. The
snow and ice on many peaks are difficult to distinguish
from cumulus clouds reflecting the setting Sun's light.
The Peru Current brings relatively cool water to this
part of South America's western coast and stabilizes the
lower atmosphere. Stratus and stratocumulus clouds
hover ofTshore here throughout much of the year.
GEMINI IX JUNE 4, 1966 S66-38281
174
This photo was taken from above the main ridges of the
Andes. An irregular band of stratocumulus follows the
Western slopes of the mountains a few degrees south of
the Equator in Ecuador and Peru. The Amazon Basin
begins at the far left, where cumuliform clouds coxer
the Maraiion river's course. The Golfo de Guayaquil is
in the foreground, with the Isla de Puna below it. Early
in the 1500's, Pizzaro began his search for South Amer-
ica's gold near a point of land formed by a river delta
at the lower right. It is now Tumbes, the most northern
port of Peru. Another, more southerly, strip of the Peru-
vian coast is in the upper right corner.
GEMINI IX JUNE 4, 1966 S66-38273
175
The large cui-ving embayment near the center of this
view of western Peru is the Bahia de Sechura, and the
narrow coastal plain around it is called the Desierto de
Sechura. The results of irrigation along the rivers that
cross it are quite apparent. The shoreline shown extends
south from Talara about 375 miles to Chimbote. The
Pacific waters off the cape at the far left are famous
for big-game fishing; black marlin weighing more than
half a ton are caught there. The high Andean chain
cuts across the upper part of the photo, and snow can be
seen on its peaks. South America's enormous Amazon
drainage system begins in the upper left corner.
GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38291
176
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Some parts of the canyon that crosses this picture di-
agonally are 2 miles deep. These are the mountains of
Peru east of the coastal plain shown in the preceding pic-
ture. The Rio Maraiion, which carries water from them
to the Amazon, flows through this canyon. Tropical for-
ests cover the Cordillera Central and the Cordillera
Oriental below the scattered cumuliform clouds at the
left. Near the right edge, a snow-covered peak of the
Cordillera Blanca is quite distinct. This photo includes
parts of five northern departments of Peru: Ancash, La
Libertad, San Martin, Amazonas, and Cajamarca. This
is still a poorly mapped part of the world.
GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38525
177
This photograph of nearly 250 miles of Peru's coast sug-
gests how helpful spacecraft may be to surveyors. In the
middle of the shoreline shown, a narrow strip of land
connects Ferral Peninsula to the mainland near Chim-
bote. The snowline toward the upper left is more than
16 000 feet above the sea. The Continental Divide fol-
lows the Cordillera Blanca across the country there. One
of the most prominent snow-covered peaks is the 22 505-
foot Huascaran volcano. A thin white line can be seen
running down its western slope toward the sea. This is
the scar left in 1962 by an avalanche that killed several
thousand persons in the Rio Santo Valley.
GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 366-38298
178
Another strip of the coast of Peru, south of the area
shown on the preceding page, is at the top of this picture
of the Andes as they appeared when photographed from
the east. The large dark lake in the center here is Lago
de Junin. Cerro de Pasco is to the right of it, at an alti-
tude of 17 572 feet. The Cordillera Huayhuash ranges.
an important source of minerals, are between the lake
and the sea. Snow whitens many of the peaks. The island
in the upper right is San Lorenzo. Callao, the port which
serves Lima, Peru's capital, is on a small peninsula near
that island, over which smoke was floating when this
picture was taken.
GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 366-38300
179
Rivers visible between the cumulus clouds at the bottom
of this picture flow nearly 4000 miles to mouths on the
Atlantic. The Pacific continental shelf is at the top of
the photo. The Peruvian coastline shown extends south-
eastward from Bahia de Caballa to Nevada Coropuna.
Inland toward the left one can see the great snowfields
on Nevada Coropuna, 21 079 feet high, and Nevada
Ampato's twin peaks, 20 702 feet high. The clear zone
in the sky may have resulted from the upwelling of cold
water and divergence in the atmosphere's friction layer.
This divergence is produced when a southeast wind
blows over the water adjacent to the arid shoreland.
GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38303
180
Cusco, once the Inca empire's capital, is nearly in the
center of this photo of the towering mountains south-
east of Lima, Peru. At the left, where the Cordillera
Vilcanota rises 22 000 feet, fields of snow form a white
cup around the Laguna Sibanacochas. Below that cup,
cumulus clouds and blue haze darken the flat tropical
rain forests of the Madre de Dios drainage system.
Mile-deep canyons abound along the eastern front of
the Andes. The clouds at the right in this view follow
the mountains' cur\ing ridges. At the very top of the
picture, streaked by snow, is Flor del Mundo. Its north-
em flank is the source of the Amazon River.
GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 366-38306
181
This is the world's highest navigable lake: Titicaca is
12 500 feet above the sea, 700 feet deep, and covers 3200
square miles. La Paz, Bolivia's capital, is tucked against
the Cordillera Real southeast of it. Peru shares the
shores of Titicaca with Bolivia and in the distance you
can see the Chilean-Peruvian desert along the Pacific.
The land is arid there despite its nearness to the sea and
offshore cloudiness. Two salt flats, Salar de Uyuni and
Salar de Coipasa, are near the left edge of the photo.
Many volcanoes in the snowcapped Andes exceed 20 000
feet. The snow at the lower right is on the Cordillera
Vilcanota.
GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38312
182
The bleak, windswept plateau in the lower center of
this photo is the Altiplano between Lake Poopo, at the
left, and Lake Titicaca, at the right. Lake Poopo is
smaller and a few hundred feet lower than Titicaca.
West of it enormous salt flats whiten the landscape near-
ly as much as do the clouds over the Pacific at the upper
right. The warm, dry, upper-level air of the trade winds
reaches the high elevations of Bolivia and gives this
region a desert or steppe climate. Much of the shoreline
here is in Chile. The stratus cloudiness over the Pacific
is often a persistent feature of the weather along this
part of the coast.
GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38313
183
The Andean uplift extends along the west coast of South
America for 5000 miles. This was the view to the south
when the spacecraft crossed it north of Lake Poopo, in
the foreground, and the salt fiats shown in two previous
pictures. Beyond them are the mountains of southern
Bolivia, and the volcanoes, lakes, and salt beds of the
Puna de Atacama. The view includes northern parts
of both Argentina and Chile. At the left the easterly
ranges of the Andes drop to the rolling forested region
of the Gran Chaco. At the right near the horizon is a
deck of stratus clouds that extends far down the long
Pacific coast of Chile.
GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38315
184
Low stratus clouds extended inland possibly 5 miles and
cumuliform clouds covered the Andes 100 miles from the
sea when this photo was taken of the mountains around
Arequipa, Peru's second largest city. The Rio Majes
canyon in the center is a mile deep. The city is in the
lower part of this view's center, at an altitude of 7500
feet. Northeast of it, three volcanos, Misti, Chachani,
and Ampato rise, respectively, 19 098, 19 931, and 20 702
feet. Snow is found on the high peaks, but Arequipa is
famous for its flower gardens. Ruins of a civilization be-
lieved to have preceded that of the Incas have been
found near it.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54832
185
The setting Sun's rays gave a golden tint to the thick
edges of cirrostratus clouds, and the Cordillera de Los
Andes threw long shadows eastward, when the astro-
nauts obtained this picture of southwestern Brazil, north-
ern Argentina, and Chile. Two salt flats and two small
lakes, the Laguna Pastos Grandes and the Salina Olaroz,
can be distinguished in the foreground when one studies
this photo with a map of the area in hand. South Amer-
ica's Andean spine includes many of the Western Hemi-
sphere's highest peaks. Here, however, the convective
towers protruding upward in the clouds are more prom-
inent than the mountains for which the area is noted.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 12, 1965 S65-63780
186
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There were four layers of clouds below the spacecraft
the day this picture was taken over equatorial northwest
Brazil. When viewed stereoscopically, by using this and
an adjacent frame (not reproduced here), each layer is
distinct. Two are high-level layers of cirrus, beneath
which there is a middle layer of altocumulus, and a lower
layer of cumulus. The cumulus-cloud pattern reflects the
underlying cool surface of a large river containing
islands. It probably is the Rio Negros near Barcelos, a
town in the State of Amazonas. The Rio Negros is a
broad stream that crosses the Equator to flow southeast
into the Amazon River.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46047
187
Brazil's northernmost State, Rio Branco, is in the fore-
ground, Venezuela in the left, and Guyana in the right
of this photo. The dark, forested areas under cumulus-
cloud patterns around the basin in the center are pla-
teaus of sandstones and lava flows, resting on the Pre-
cambrian granites and gneisses that constitute the cloud-
free basin. The rain forest yields valuable wood and
wood products, and the crystalline rocks contain much
mineral wealth, including gold and diamonds, but the
vegetation has hampered exploration. The large looping
river in the lower center is the Rio Tacutu, which joins
another stream to form the Rio Branco.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46050
188
The Pakarima Mountains are in the lower right here,
and Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana meet beneath a
heavy cloud patch over Mount Roraima near the center.
Beyond Mount Roraima is the Gran Sabana, Venezue-
la's portion of the Guyana highlands. Although these
high, flat-topped mesas occupy nearly half of Venezuela,
less than 3 percent of the people live on them. The com-
plex pattern of cumulus clouds here is shaped by the
topography and by light winds of a weak pressure gra-
dient. Near the coastal region in the upper part of the
picture, these clouds trend east-west. There is some
cirrus cloudiness in the lower left.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46051
189
This picture overlaps the preceding one and includes the
northern coast of South America from Caracas, Ven-
ezuela, at the left, to Georgetown, Guyana, at the right.
Landward, a narrow coastal plane separates the great
Guyana plateau from the sea. The massive delta of the
Orinoco River is in the upper center and the mouth of
the Essequibo River is at the right. The larger tributaries
of the Essequibo River system are remarkably outlined
in the cumulus-cloud pattern. Sedimentation has dis-
colored the Atlantic waters at the river mouths and along
the shore. Scattered over the sea offshore are trade-
wind cumuli.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46052
190
This and the next two photos were taken on color in-
frared film. They show Brazil's Atlantic coast from the
Baia de Sao Marcos, in the upper left here, eastward
around the Natal corner and south to Joao Pessoa. Vary-
ing tones of red indicate changes in the green vegeta-
tion. Dense growth on coastal lowlands deepens the red
near the Baia de Sao Marcos. Only a few major streams,
draining a small part of Brazil's highlands, feed this bay.
From it the land rises gradually to more than 400 feet
above sea level at the right edge of the photo. The cloud
pattern here consists of cumuli in rows, cumuli congesti,
and a few wisps of cirrus.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 17, 1965 S65-64069
191
One can trace rivers in the foreground of this infrared
photo of the Brazilian coastHne from Ponta Redonda
east nearly to Natal. The city of Fortaleza is under the
clouds over the prominent cape in the center. The shore
on both sides of it and inland, where there are moun-
tains, is tinted by dense vegetation. Lowlands surround
the Serra da Uruburetama in the lower center. A sea
breeze had kept miles of the sandy beach free from
clouds. Near the horizon the clouds are distinct because
the intervening atmosphere does not scatter as much
light at near-infrared wavelengths as it does at the
shorter wavelengths used in most photography.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 17, 1965 S65-64073
192
This photo partly overlaps the preceding one. It shows
Brazil's coast as far east as Ponta Jericoacoaroa, the
cape at the very top. Pamaiba is several miles inland
from the cape in the center, and Camocim is in a small
bay above it. The white splashes are quartz sand, carried
down from highlands by rivers, strewn by coastal cur-
rents, and whipped into dunes by offshore winds. Cumu-
lus clouds laced above by cirrus begin inland, beyond the
cooling effect of the sea breeze. The terrain's redness
shows how heavily it is cloaked by vegetation. The land
rises to more than 2500 feet at the upper right, where
the Serra da Ibiapaba ends.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 17, 1965 865-64070
193
The strip of Brazil's northeast coast in the foreground
here begins near Carutapera and continues to the Ama-
zon River's mouth at the right. The many rows of con-
vective clouds, ranging from tiny cumuli to towering
cumulonimbi, extend far inland. Near the center they
part over the long Baia de Marajo by which ships ap-
proach Belem. The Ilha de Marajo is to the right, sep-
arated from two other islands, Ilha Mexiana and Cavi-
ana (at the right edge), by the Canal do Sul, one of
the Amazon's main channels. The sea is discolored be-
yond them by suspended sediments for distances up to
50 miles.
GEMINI IX JUNE 4, 1966 S66-38191
194
A late-afternoon Sun penetrated the parallel rows of
cumulus clouds in the foreground of this nearly vertical
picture enough to expose the large islands in the broad,
brown Amazon River's mouth. Alongside the cirrus
clouds at the top of the photo, thick smoke from burning
forests obscured the view. The Amazon's main channels
are Canal do Sul, below center, and Canal do Norte,
above it. The great river's mouth is dirtied by the vast
quantities of mud and silt that it carries far into the
Atlantic currents off Brazil's northern shore. Here the
water flows through a low, swampy, thinly populated
tidewater area covered by forests.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 12, 1965 365-64001
195
When one looks closely at South America's coast here,
one sees four rivers adding silt to the coastal currents off
Guyana and Surinam. From the left they are the Cou-
rantyne, Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo. Dikes have
converted areas slightly below sea level into valuable
plantation land along this Atlantic coast. Its sedimentary
strata are shales, clays, sands, and lignites, built up
largely from the muds brought northward from the
Amazon's mouth. Georgetown, Guyana's capital, is at
the Demerara's mouth. Convective cloudiness dominates
this region throughout the year, and in this photo
thunderstorms are also visible inland.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64029
196
"We stole some time from our sleep period to get this
picture," Astronaut Michael Collins recalls. "Even from
space it appeared as some of the most forbidding jungle
territory in the world. This is as close as I ever hope to
get to it." The Orinoco River mouth is at the left, and
the Essequibo's mouth is near the center of this view.
Both rivers were pouring silt and mud into the Atlantic
for coastal currents to carry along and build up deposits
of shale, clay, and lignites. The morning Sun was heat-
ing the land, and complex patterns of cumulus clouds
were being built up over it. Broad parts of this coastal
land are a few feet below sea level.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46054
197
This photograph of the northern coast of Surinam shows
low-level cloud convergences that do not appear on the
usual synoptic weather map. The cloud lines are readily
associated with the boundaries of turbid water. Seeing
the distribution of suspended sediment, and the vari-
ations in the resulting turbidity of the water, as one can
here, is extremely helpful in oceanographic research.
The current shears were parallel to the coast on the day
this picture was taken, and tons of sediment brought
from the continent's interior by the rivers were being
spread far to the west. There is no cool season in the
Guyanas.
GEMINI X JULY 21, 1966 S66-46056
198
In this view of Venezuela, cumulus clouds dot the land
and cirrus veils the Caribbean Sea. The coastline in-
cluded runs from Tocuyo de la Costa, near the center
at the top, to Naiguata. Lago de Valencia is in the
cloud-free area in the center, and the Rio Tuy is to the
right of it. Caracas, the capital, is about halfway be-
tween the river and the coast. The Andes in this area
are composed of Mesozoic igneous and metamorphic
strata. The vast featureless plain at the lower left is the
Orinoco basin. A large reservoir on the Rio Guarico is
barely discernible there, but the Rio Tuy's tributaries
stand out clearly in the lower right of the photo.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 12, 1965 S65-63995
199
The bright line of cumulus clouds in the upper center
runs downward from Curasao to Aruba. A peninsula of
Colombia and the 60-mile-wide entry to the Golfo de
Venezuela are under the cirrus clouds in the foreground.
At the right, below a narrow strip of land between the
Peninsula de Paraguana and the mainland, is the rect-
angular Golfete de Coro, darkened by the sediment car-
ried seaward by South American streams. Faults be-
tween the Andean spurs outline the Golfo de Venezue-
la, and a surface deposit of Quaternary alluvium is
found on the Cretaceous and Tertiary beds in this fault
basin.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 12, 1965 S65-63993
200
From over the Caribbean Sea, the camera was pointed
southwest toward South America to obtain this picture.
The semiarid islands of the Lesser Antilles cross it near
the center. From the left they are the Isia Orchila, Islas
Los Roques, Has de Aves, Bonaire, Curagao, and Aruba.
The Venezuelan shore above them extends from Barce-
lona at the left to the country's reddish, northernmost
tip, the Peninsula de Paraguana, at the right. This part
of the world has been photographed from several space-
craft, but clouds usually have obscured the surface. Even
here convective and cirriform cloudiness conceals much
of the landscape.
GEMINI IX JUNE 4, 1966 S66-38189
201
i
Part IX. Mexico
JVIexico is between 14° and 33° north of the Equator and the orbits of the Gemini
flights gave the astronauts rnany opportunities to photograph it. The central pla-
teau is bounded on the west by the Sierra Madre Occidental, and on the east by
the Sierra Madre Oriental. Between these high ranges, other mountains partition
the land into a maze bedecked by volcanoes, lakes, and deserts. These photos show
the land through which the Spaniards advanced into the southwestern part of the
United States.
The Gemini astronauts approached it from the Pacific rather than from the
Atlantic and often crossed Baja California, which extends down the western coast
of North America for 800 miles, before they soared over the mainland. Joseph Wood
Krutch has called Baja California "the forgotten peninsula" for reasons quite
apparent in these photos.
Below the long Gulf of California, the continent curves east around the Gulf of
Mexico. The Yucatan Peninsula extends to the north from this part of Mexico
nearly to Cuba's western tip. When one recalls the known history of this land, and
the civilizations that flourished there before the Spaniards arrived, the pictures in
this section become especially fascinating. Some of the views here extend northward
into the United States for many miles.
203
X
This and the next few photos, taken from spacecraft as
they approached Mexico, show how greatly its appear-
ance varied on different occasions. The thick, high, cir-
rostratus cloud here concealed all but a few bits of Baja
California, at the left and toward the lower right corner.
A number of thunderstorms formed this great circular
body. Several convective cells appeared to have gained
sufficient momentum to penetrate its thick layer, and
the rippled surface of the cirrostratus suggests that di-
verging updraf ts from other convective cells have reached
their maximum stage of development and begun to
dissipate.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 7, 1965 S65-63834
204
On one occasion the camera recorded bands of cirrus
clouds that extended for 300 miles in southwesterly
winds between the mountains in Sonora and Baja Cali-
fornia. This photo includes the Pinacate volcanic field at
the left, on the border between the United States and
Mexico. Baja California has changed less than most
parts of the New World since the Spanish built missions
there in the 17th century. Here the birds and other na-
tive creatures have gone their way virtually undisturbed.
So, too, have many of this peninsula's distinctive plants.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63015
205
This picture, taken on the next revolution after the one
on which the previous photo was taken, shows some of
Baja California and the North American mainland
under different lighting. Dark patches in the Sun glitter
on the Pacific are regions of smooth water. Patches of
stratocumulus clouds are near the top of the photo.
Clouds such as that long, conspicuous band of cirrus
that arcs along the right side of the picture usually indi-
cate the existence of a subtropical Jetstream nearby. The
Jetstream winds are encountered in this region when an
upper air trough is located over the eastern Pacific
Ocean.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63054
206
From over the Pacific, you are looking southeast now
at Baja California. In the foreground long fingers of
cirrus reach toward Punta Eugenia. The large oval at
the left is Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino, and the lagoon is
Ojo de Liebre, where gray whales breed. The dry air
evaporates sea water to form white salt flats south of
this lagoon. The mountains in the center of the cape
are underlain by Cretaceous metamorphic, igneous, and
sedimentary rock. This part of North America's shore
is characterized by abundant Tertiary and Quaternary
vulcanism. Beyond the Gulf of California, which ex-
tends across the upper half of the photo, is Sonora.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 5, 1965 865-63822
207
Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan took this maplike picture
of the Pacific coast of Mexico alongside Gemini IX's
nose while the hatch was open. The Sierra Madre Occi-
dental extends along the left shore of the Gulf of Cali-
fornia in the center. The Sierra La Giganta is in the
foreground, and the southern end of Baja California is
spread before you at the right. The State capital, La
Paz, is at the far end of the large bay in the narrow
neck near the long peninsula's tip. The irregular dark
topography is typical of a surface underlain mainly by
igneous and metamorphic rock. The clouds on the
horizon are south of the Tropic of Cancer.
GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38070
208
The spacecraft's nose was pointed at the central part of
Baja Cahfornia when this photo was taken. Angel de
La Guarda Island in the Gulf of California was visible
at the lower left below the cloud system over the gulf.
Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino is in the upper center of this
view and beyond it to the south are Punta Abreojos,
Laguna San Ignacio, and Bahia Ballenas. The current in
the Pacific was sweeping strongly from north to south
and relatively cool. Punta Abreojos projected into the
main stream of this current, and caused the series of
turbulent eddies visible in the slick pattern of the Sun's
reflection in the upper center of the picture.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63044
209
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Cabo Corrientes is above Gemini XI Fs nose in this open-
hatch photo, taken by Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr.,
south of Baja California. At the left are dark, dissected
ranges of the Sierra Madre Occidental, an extensive
plateau of Tertiary volcanics. Beyond the cape, around
Lago de Chapala, is the Neo- Volcanic plateau, a band
of Tertiary, Quaternary, and Recent volcanics that ex-
tends eastward to the Gulf of Mexico. To the south is
the Sierra Madre del Sur, a complex mountainous area
of older rocks. A spiral is visible in the cumulus-cloud
streets near the cape where the coastal configuration
induced an eddv in the northerly airflow.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62883
210
The Gulf of Tehuantepec is in the right foreground
now. It is about 1000 miles south at the same longitude
as Houston. The Y-shaped reservoir is near the Pacific
Coastal Plain of Mexico. From it the Rio Tehuantepec
flows past the city of Tehuantepec. At Laguna Superior,
you see a long sand bar. Laguna Inferior is farther
right. The Sierra Madre del Sur's southern and east-
ern edges are in the upper left of this photo. The
Gulf Coastal Plain begins below the cellular strato-
cumulus clouds in the upper right corner. The Sierra
Travesada, marking the edge of the Chiapas-Guate-
mala Uplands, begins just above the lagoons.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 11, 1965 S65-63760
211
Mexico City is a white patch distinct from the cirrus
clouds at the top here. You are looking north and the
city of Puebla is in the broad valley toward the upper
right. The Neo-Volcanic Plateau in the top half of
the photo averages 8000 feet in height. Three volcanic
cones — Serro Tlaloc, Iztaccihuatl, and Popocatepetl —
extend south from the top center. The latter rises
17 887 feet. In the foreground is part of the Sierra
Madre del Sur system. This complex area of Paleozoic
metasediments has fewer volcanoes, but pyroclastics
cover large areas. The rivers that drain this lower region
flow into the Pacific.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 11, 1965 S65-63757
212
The mountains here are east of those in the preceding
picture and the Gulf of Mexico south of Veracruz is in
the upper right. An upland of the Madre del Sur sys-
tem is at the lower left, and the Valle de Oaxaca, bor-
dered by sharply dissected rims on the north and east,
is in the fores;round. The snow-covered volcano in the
upper center is Citlaltepec, 18 701 feet high. Strato-
cumulus clouds were pushed toward it from the gulf.
Through the largest gap in them, Miguel Aleman, a
large reservoir, is visible. Radiosonde data at Veracruz
showed that the cloud tops were about 3500 feet high
when the photo was taken.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 11, 1965 S65-63758
213
This view to the southeast over Mexico extends to the
Yucatan Peninsula. Mexico City is just north of a for-
ested region from which smoke is rising near the center.
The large brown lake in the foreground is Lago de Cuit-
zeo. The dark spots are areas of volcanic rock. This
plateau's thousands of volcanoes are mostly Quaternary
and Tertiat7. Rocks that span the geologic column from
Precambrian to Quaternary' time are found in the Madre
del Sur Mountains at the right. The rows of cumuli in
the foreground are in a light easterly wind. The clouds
over Mexico's eastern coast and Central America in the
distance are mostly cumuliform.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62887
214
The tiny, cloud-free area above the spacecraft's open
hatch in this view of southern Mexico is a basin near
Puebla. Cumulus clouds have formed lines with the wind
at many places, and high cirriform clouds are scattered
over the Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatan Peninsula at
the upper left. The indentation in the clouds on Yuca-
tan's north shore is west of Laguna de Terminos. Sur-
face temperatures are likely to be lower in the marshy
land there. Mexico's part of the Yucatan Peninsula is
mostly a coastal plain, but south of it in Guatemala there
are many complex mountains, bordered by older ranges
near the Pacific.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66H52891
215
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The eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula is in the
foreground of this photo. Trade-wind cumuli lie beneath
a higher stratiform cloud layer. Bahia de la Ascension
on the Caribbean Sea at the lower left is in Quintana
Roc, Mexico, and Ambergris Cay, at the right edge, is
in British Honduras. Offshore there are numerous cays
and reefs, amidst which Banco Chinchorro stands out
near the center. Around Bahia de Chetumal at the
lower right, the land is low, flat, and swampy. Dense
vegetation obscures its topography. This part of Cen-
tral America is still emerging geologically and is com-
posed mostly of Tertiary limestones.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 10, 1965 S65-63741
216
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All three shores of the Yucatan Peninsula can be seen
at the left in this northwesterly view from over the Carib-
bean. This is where Spanish explorers found the rem-
nants of the Mayan civilization. Western Cuba pro-
jects from the foreground into the center of this picture.
White towers of cumuli reached upward into the moist
atmosphere over the Gulf of Mexico the day this photo
was taken, and small cumuli dotted Yucatan except
where cumulonimbi had developed at its eastern end.
Cirrus cloudiness generated by thunderstorms is pre-
valent in the Caribbean region in the lower left quadrant
of the photo.
GEMINI X JULY 19, 1966 S66-45688
217
Now the view is to the north through central Mexico.
The Sierra Madre Occidental is in the lower left and
the Sierra Madre Oriental's dark ridges cross this photo
above its center. Composed of folded Cretaceous sedi-
ments, these mountains form a long chain from the Big
Bend country to the Neo-Volcanic plateau. Left of the
center, the light-colored, sandy Bolson de Coahuila
separates the mountainous Coahuila upland and the
westward swing of the cross ranges. Several layers of
cumuliform and cirrifomi clouds are along Mexico's
east coast. The cloud deck near the horizon is connected
with a cold front movins; south from Texas.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62889
218
North of Mexico City, the Mexican plateau is actually
a basin surrounded by higher terrain. This picture of it
was obtained with the camera pointed northeast, and
includes parts of four States: Aguascalientes, Zacatecas,
San Luis Potosi, and Guanajuato. This is a hilly area,
composed mostly of dissected volcanics, and the drainage
is into shallow lakes. These are usually salty and some-
times dry. The top of this photo is blurred because of a
residue on the window of Gemini VII, but a few widely
scattered cumulus clouds and some cirrus can be seen.
The dark patch at lower left is an area of volcanic rock.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 6, 1965 S65-63814
219
Small cumulus clouds hung like a tiny crown atop the
Sierra de la Palma, in the upper center, to adorn this
photo of the mainland's eastern mountains. The Sierra
de la Palma is a roughly triangular, isolated mass of
uplifted Cretaceous rocks at the eastern end of Antefosa
de Parras in the Sierra Madre Oriental. Erosion of
folded sedimentaiy rocks formed the zigzag pattern to
the right of this peak; these folds plunge eastward so
that the uplift is essentially across the direction of the
main folds. When Heman Cortes was asked for a relief
map of Mexico after his conquest of it, he simply
crumpled a piece of parchment.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 9, 1965 365-63888
220
The stratocumulus cloud deck with cells and billows
shown here stretched across eastern Mexico. The high
ranges in the foreground are south of Monterrey. These
intensely folded Cretaceous sedimentary rocks mark both
the front of the Sierra Madre Oriental and a bend in
the mountain range. No one knows why the range bends
about 60° toward the west here, but some geologists
suspect that a major wrench fault going through the
Antefosa de Parras dragged the mountains around in
this way. The city of Saltillo is in the valley just above
the nose of the spacecraft, and parts of two States,
Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, are visible.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 9, 1965 S65-63889
221
The waters off Tamaulipas, south of Brownsville, Tex.,
are usually clear, but the high surf the day this photo
was taken stirred sediment into suspension, and tidal
movements caused the swirls you see in the sediment
pattern. The coastal strip shown extends south for 150
miles from Boca de Sandoval to the Tropic of Cancer.
Behind the offshore bar is Laguna Madre. At the low-
er left the Rio Purificacion meanders out of the Sierra
de Tamaulipas and across the narrow plain to the gulf.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 6, 1965 S65-63810
222
j,!-^*vAyv -
For this picture the camera was pointed east over the
Sierra Madre Oriental toward the Gulf of Mexico. Some
of the interior highland can be seen in the foreground.
Those long dark ridges, visible despite the cirrus-cloud
cover, are in the vicinity of Monterrey. The largest de-
flection in the trend of the Sierra Madre Oriental is
found there. In the background, heavy, moist air from
the gulf veils the view. The high mountains along the
coast barricade the interior land from such humid air.
GEMINI IX JUNE 3, 1966 366-37907
223
The Sierra Madre Occidental is in the lower left corner
of this view and the city of Chihuahua is just below a
featherlike cirrus cloud in the upper left center. Rows
of cumuli at the right are over a part of the Sierra
Madre Oriental. This is an area of relatively low relief
but high elevation. Mountain ranges are widely spaced
here and intennontane basins are filled with Quaternary
alluvium. The Rio Grande flows through the region at
the upper right. North of it is El Solitario, a 3-mile-wide
dome over a laccolith that brings lower Paleozoic and
Cretaceous sediments to the surface along with Tertiary
rocks.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63055
224
'Vt;'J**^_
This view of northeastern Mexico extends into Texas.
The mouth of the Rio Grande is in the upper right, and
Nuevo Leon and Coahuila are in the foreground. The
color reveals these States' deserthke climate. The cloud
lines over the coastal lowlands show that the airflow in
the lower troposphere is from the east. The leeward,
western slopes of some ranges of the Sierra Madre Ori-
ental are free of clouds. Notice, too, how the cloud lines
confomi to the curvature of the ranges near Monterrey
at the right. The immense folded mountain chain in the
foreground runs southeast from Chihuahua nearly to
the gulf.
GEMINI X JULY 20, 1966 S'j6-45762
225
The horizon here is more than 1000 miles away. Part
of Chihuahua, Mexico, is in the foreground. The Sierra
Madre Occidental is at the left and the Sierra Madre
Oriental is at the right. The view is directly north up
the Rio Grande valley and includes most of the southern
Rockv Mountains. Eastern Arizona is on the horizon at
the far left, and central Oklahoma and Kansas at the
right. Near the center of the picture, the white patch
to the right of the Rio Grande is the White Sands Na-
tional Monument. North of it is the distinct, black, rib-
bonlike shape of the Malpais, a recent lav'a flow north
of Alamogordo, N. Mex.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 866-63018
226
Part X. The United States
OOME parts of the United States were shown in pictures that precede this group.
Since the girdle that the Gemini program threw around the world did not extend as
far north as south of Cape Kennedy, the photographs that follow are predominant-
ly views of the southern coast of the United States around the Gulf of Mexico.
This is not a "forgotten" area such as Baja California. Nor is it a barren land.
It differs markedly from many of the regions shown previously. This is a region in
which people have been quick to develop the resources available to them, and parts
of it are now highly industrialized. Even so, when seen from space its beauty still
rivals that of many undeveloped regions.
By enabling us to see the scheme of things entire, space photography can help
men both exploit an undeveloped region's natural resources and monitor the skies,
seashores, and forests to prevent pollution and degradation of them.
This was the astronauts' homeland and they photographed the city of Houston
many times. Along the gulf shore they used infrared along with other color film
to obtain more information than one can with the naked eye. Above Florida's
east coast they saw their starting point again, and sped east again and again to see
more of the world.
"We have achieved the ability to see and contemplate ourselves from afar,"
Dr. Floyd L. Thompson wrote shortly before he retired as Director of the Langley
Research Center, "and thus in a measure to accomplish the wish expressed by
Robert Burns : 'To see oursels as ithers see us.' "
227
North America's Pacific coast, from Los Angeles, near
the left edge, to Baja California is slightly above the
stratocumulus clouds in the foreground. San Diego is
nearly in the center. The massive mountain range at the
extreme left is the south end of the Sierra Nevada.
Above Los Angeles is the large, bare Mojave Desert.
The San Andreas fault runs southeast from it between
mountain ranges to the Salton Sea, right of center. The
clouds on the horizon hide most of the Colorado Plateau.
In the clouds at the lower right, the photo shows a re-
markable set of waves, probably induced by irregularity
in the terrain alonsr the coast.
GEMINI X JULY 19, 1966 S66-45658
228
A wide-angle lens used during extravehicular activity
produced this colorful view of the United States from the
Gulf of California, at lower right, to the Colorado Pla-
teau. The Salton Sea is above the red dot on the space-
craft. Farms outline California's Imperial Valley and
the Colorado River's delta in northern Mexico. This
part of the Great Basin shows typical basin-and-range
topography. The distant clouds were scattered over Cali-
fornia and western Arizona. The dark elliptical area
above the gulf is the Pinacate volcanic field, and the
light smoke plume above it was rising from the forested
region northeast of Phoeniz, Ariz.
GEMINI IX JUNE 5, 1966 S66-38068
229
Corpus Christi Bay is at the top and Mexico's Laguna
Madre at the bottom of this nearly vertical view of the
Rio Grande's deltaic plain. The international boundary
is in the lower half of the photo. The long curving beach
is Padre Island. It is typical of barriers that rim the Gulf
of Mexico on the west, and has been studied as a pos-
sible clue to the formation of oil traps. The Intracoastal
Waterway can be seen in the shallow Laguna Madre
and a belt of grassland begins inland from the sand bars.
Cumuli had formed inland while a cool sea breeze re-
stricted cloud development along the coast.
GEMINI X JULY 20, 1966 S66-45764
230
San Antonio is in the light area left of the center. Austin
is above and to the right of it on the Texas Colorado
River. The cities are along the fault-controlled Balcones
Escarpment that is the east edge of the Edwards Plateau.
Differences in the shale and sand content of the Tertiary
units cause variations in soil color, topographic expres-
sion, and vegetation. In the upper left, the Llano Uplift
brings a complex dome of Precambrian rocks to the sur-
face. Lower Paleozoic carbonates and sandstone sur-
round it. The stratocumulus clouds at the right are on
the north side of a cold front.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-63428
231
Austin is now above Gemini XII's nose and San Antonio
is in the lower center. Near Austin one can see Buch-
anan, Lyndon B. Johnson, Travis, and Canyon Lakes.
The curving Balcones Escarpment is above these cities,
and cuestas on the coastal plain are visible from north
of San Antonio to the vicinity of Waco. In the upper
left, the Red River flood plain crosses dense pine forests
of Louisiana. The Mississippi River's mouth is between
the stratocumulus and cirrus clouds near the horizon.
Suspended alluvial sediments show the currents off the
Texas shore in the Gulf of Mexico between the Missis-
sippi and Aransas Pass at the right.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 196(> S66-63024
232
Taken only seconds after the previous photo, this one
has Houston's metropolitan area in the center. The Bal-
cones Escarpment is now just above the spacecraft nose.
The Houston ship channel and spoil banks in Galveston
Bay can be seen at the right, where the ancient Pleis-
tocene shoreline stands out as the present northwest
shore of Matagorda and Espirito Santo Bays. Matagorda,
Galveston, and other islands are raised offshore bars.
Such bars extend along the Texas coast eastward to
Sabine Pass. Northerly winds along the Louisiana coast
were carrying smoke plumes toward the stratocumulus-
cloud field over the Gulf of Mexico.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER U, 1966 S66-63025
233
This picture overlaps the two photos that have preceded
it in this volume, and shows the dense pine forest in east
Texas that is known as "The Big Thicket" more clearly.
The Sam Raybum Reservoir can be seen in that
thicket. Along the shore, suspended Sediments can be
traced as they are carried out into the Gulf of Mexico.
Note especially the upper part of this photo, where wavy
patterns in the clouds are quite distinct, and smoke from
fires near oil and gas wells in the Vermillion Bay area is
being blown out over the gulf. The next picture in this
sequence was taken about 90 minutes later and shows
interesting changes in the sky.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 866-63031
234
After circling the Earth, the Gemini astronauts took
this picture of the same area shown in the preceding
one. The patch of stratiform clouds over Louisiana, in
the upper part of the photo, had shrunk in size, and
some dissipation of the stratocumulus clouds over the
water along the coast had occurred. Smoke from the
shoreline still drifted southward, and sediment patterns
still discolored the water. The Red River Valley cuts a
swath across the dark forest lands in the left center.
North of the Red River are ridges of the Ouachita and
Wichita Mountains of Oklahoma.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63062
235
Here is the city of Houston as seen from an altitude of
about 175 miles. The city is directly below "The Big
Thicket" in this photo. The big Harris County domed
stadium in the southwest part of the city is only a white
dot. The dark-blue line across Galveston Bay is the Hous-
ton ship channel. Turbid waters extend into the Gulf
of Mexico from several outlets. A marsh fire sent up the
stream of smoke in the upper right. NASA's Manned
Spacecraft Center is 20 miles southeast of Houston.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63034
236
From east of Galveston Bay, Astronaut James A. Lovell,
Jr., looked back to photograph it again. To the right is
the Beaumont-Port Arthur and Lake Charles industrial
complex. The coastal sky was clear from Vermillion Bay
to Baffin Bay, and the Intracoastal Waterway can be
traced from Orange on the Sabine River east to Grand
Lake in this photo. A cold front had crossed the coast
2 days earlier and the winds still were from the north-
east. They were thrusting water into the gulf from the
lagoons and estuaries. An interference eddy had formed
west of the Galveston jetties, and frictional eddies were
visible farther seaward.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63035
237
This southwesterly view of the gulf coast includes many
of the same features as the preceding pictures, but ex-
tends from Marsh Island in the foreground to south of
Brownsville. The cell-like patterns in the stratocumulus
clouds over the gulf appear when water warms the lower
part of the atmosphere. Drizzle was reported in north-
eastern Mexico from the clouds near the top center
here. Below them one can see the Balcones Escarpment.
Some of the world's most important shrimp fisheries are
in the coastal waters shown, and photos such as this can
be used to improve predictions of currents that affect
shrimp migration paths and rates.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63038
238
Here one sees again some of the same area shown in
pictures that have preceded this one. Nueces Bay and
Corpus Christi are now above the vehicle's nose, and the
rivers flowing into the gulf and the ship channel from
Aransas Pass are distinctly shown. Small cumulus clouds
dot the area of the mouth and valley of the Rio Grande,
and the cumuli ranging inland can be seen to have in-
creased somewhat since the photo that immediately
preceded this one was taken, about 90 minutes earlier.
From an orbiting spacecraft, a given area can be ob-
served repeatedly at regular intervals, as well as seen
from a variety of angles helpful to students.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63060
239
The gulf coast from Port Arthur, Tex., at the lower left,
to Florida, on the horizon, is shown here. From Vicks-
burg. Miss., near the upper left edge, to the Gulf, the
Mississippi River is visible. Between the altostratus clouds
in the foreground and rows of cumulus over Louisiana
and Mississippi, you see Atchafalaya Bay and the con-
tinental shelf offshore that has been tapped for oil. An
anticyclone was centered over North Carolina and an
upper air trough was over the Mississippi Valley the day
of this photo. West of the river, the winds at an altitude
of 18 000 feet were from the northwest; east of it, they
were from the southwest.
GEMINI IX JUNE 3, 1965 S66-37909
240
The "bird's foot" in the lower center here is the Mis-
sissippi River deha. Lake Pontchartrain is left of it. Rows
of cumulus clouds obscure New Orleans and much of
southern Mississippi. The long embayment is Mobile
Bay, and the Florida peninsula is near the horizon. Off-
shore bars from Gulfport, Miss., to Apalachicola, Fla.,
are prominent depositional features. The Mississippi
pours great quantities of fine sediment into the gulf.
Changes in the color of sediment-laden water off the
delta show that the longshore currents were westerly,
and light spots reveal the wakes formed around offshore
drilling rigs.
GEMINI IX JUNE 3, 1966 S66-379I0
241
Thunderstorms were imbedded in the cloudiness over
northern Texas at the upper left in this photo ahead of
a cold front advancing southward. The gulf south of
Louisiana reflected early-morning sunlight. The con-
trail from a jetliner near Shreveport left a thin line near
the center, and ground fog in valleys of eastern Louisi-
ana and Mississippi produced other bright, irregular
lines. A line of cumulus clouds lay parallel to the shore,
and smoke plumes showed that winds north of it were
northerly. This picture shows how vividly pollution can
be seen in photos taken from high altitudes.
GEMINI XI SEPTEMBER 14, 1966 S66-54560
242
Color infrared film was used for this and the next photo,
and coastal sands brighten the shoreline. Pensacola is at
the lower left here, Birmingham near the top, the Chat-
tahoochee River in the upper right, and St. Andrew's
Bay in the lower right. Tyndall Air Force Base is a light
rectangle on the peninsula below the bay. A residue on
the spacecraft window degraded this photo's center.
Light bands in the upper left are Upper Cretaceous
coastal plain clastic sediments overlapping the edge of
the Appalachians north of Selma and Montgomery.
Sinkholes north of St. Andrew's Bay mark the location
of Miocene and Pliocene limestones.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 7, 1965 S65-64052
243
Those long blue plumes in this infrared photo are the
smoke from forest fires southwest of Tallahassee, Fla.
They are drifting over the Gulf of Mexico. The hook-
shaped sand bar in the foreground encloses St. Joseph
Bay. Panama City is to the left. From Lake Seminole in
the upper left, the Apalachicola River flows south to the
bay above the hook. The long blue line to the right of
the reservoir is Lake Talquin and you can see the Talla-
hassee airport runways near its upper end. The vegeta-
tion on the swampy tidal flats is reddish in this picture
and a narrow band of gray marks the extent of this
coastal land.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 7, 1965 S65-64053
244
Cumuliform clouds frame Florida's tip and 150 miles of
the keys off it in this picture. The Dry Tortugas are at
the far left, Key West near the center, and Key Largo
near the top. Sediment-laden water is streaming across
the bays and a turbid tongue is visible in the channel
that separates the Dry Tortugas from the calcareous
platform of the Florida and Marquesas Keys. Islands dot
the reef between the Marquesas and Key West. South-
east of Key Largo, part of the long, submerged coral reef
has been reserved as an underwater park. Sediments form-
ed the southern edge of the mainland, and there is a band
of mangrove swamps between it and the Everglades.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 13, 1965 S65-64024
245
The day the astronauts took this and the next four pic-
tures, cumulus clouds covered the southern half of Flo-
rida in an organized manner and a cold front was along
the U.S. Atlantic coast on the horizon here. There were
openings in the cumulus over Lake Okeechobee, Tampa
Bay, and Charlotte Harbor, because such clouds usually
forni over land. Tampa was reporting southwest winds
at 10 knots and Miami had southeast winds at 5 knots.
A long, narrow band of cirrus clouds near the Jetstream
lay over the frontal zone in the distance. The space-
craft was docked with its Agena target vehicle and
approaching Florida from the west.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62897
246
Strong surface winds were creating turbulence in the
shallow waters ofT southwest Florida as the spacecraft
neared the peninsula and the astronauts recorded the
view eastward toward the Little Bahama Bank. Tampa
Bay is at the left and the Florida Keys are in the lower
right. The turbulence was bringing fine, white, calcar-
eous muds into suspension, and muddy water from the
coast spread across the western Florida shelf. Layers of
stratocumulus covered Cape Kennedy on the eastern
coast, and a cloud line bordering the edge of the Gulf
Stream extended northeast over the Atlantic. Such a
cloud line is frequently seen in this area.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1%6 S66-62900
247
In this photo the puffy cumuliform clouds to which the
spacecraft door points are over southern Florida, and the
clouds to the left overlay the Gulf Stream. There the
northern portion of the Great Bahama Bank and the
Little Bahama Bank off the east coast of Florida are
clearly defined. This and the next photo are especially
interesting to the marine geologist and the cartographer
because of the clarity with which they show the relation-
ship of shallow calcareous sandbars in the Bahama
Banks. Andros Island is in the upper center here. Bimini
Island is on the near edge of a light-blue area below
Andros Island, and other islands are left of it.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62903
248
This and the next picture are additional views of the
cold-front cloudiness along the eastern coast of the
United States that was first photographed while Gemini
XII was over the Gulf of Mexico. The hatch was open
and Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., was engaged in ex-
travehicular activity when this one was taken. Florida's
Atlantic coast from Cape Kennedy to Fort Pierce is vis-
ible. So, too, at the right edge is the northeast part of
the Little Bahama Bank. Offshore the line of cumulus
is near the Gulf Stream. In the frontal zone the low-level
cumulus streets are parallel to the winds. Note how a
ropelike band of cirrus follows the cold front.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62905
249
The astronauts had crossed Florida and were out over
the Atlantic again when they looked northward at the
southeastern coast of the United States and photo-
graphed the cold front there again. This front was a
boundai-y region between the cool, dry air near the left
horizon and the warm, moist air located to the right of
the large cloudy zone. Stratiform and cumuliform clouds
in layers are likely to produce rain showers in the neigh-
borhood of such a front. The Gemini flights ended in
1966, but weather satellites have continued to assist
meteorologists studying the global movements of clouds
such as these.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 12, 1966 S66-62911
250
Many details of the Atlantic coast of northern Florida
and southern Georgia can be seen and related in the left
half of this photo. The broad, dark, sinuous line starting
at the lower left and continuing northward is the St.
John River, which turns toward the sea at Jacksonville.
Above this prominent stream is the St. Marys, the
boundary between the two States. Below the mouth of
the St. John is the inlet to St. Augustine. Many small
lakes are clearly visible inland just above the nose of the
spacecraft. Photographs such as this can help students
understand the patterns of land use, highways, and the
water resources available to the increasing population.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 5, 1965 S65-63824
251
This picture, taken with a Zeiss Sonnar 250-mm lens
from an altitude of 140 miles, shows about 55 miles of
the Atlantic coast of Florida, from Flagler Beach south
to Allenhurst. The Intracoastal Waterway can be traced
in it by small white dots. They are spoil heaps left by its
dredgers. The break in the barrier beach, in the center
of the picture, is Ponce de Leon inlet. The city of Day-
tona Beach is on the mainland to the left of it, and New
Smyrna Beach is at the right. Thin cirrus clouds make
parts of this photo look foggy, but highways, lakes, and
other features familiar to Floridians are conspicuous.
GEMINI VII DECEMBER 6, 1965 S65-63808
252
Cape Kennedy is on the tip of land slightly above the
center here. The Florida Keys are a thin curving line at
the lower left ; Lake Okeechobee is below an oblong hole
in fine clouds. The light bands in the center of the State
apparently follow outcrops of Bone Valley and Alachua
formations. They are Pliocene alluvial formations. Hues
are similar to the west where Miocene Tampa limestone
is found. A weak cold front extended across Florida
when this photo was taken. Cumulus clouds hung be-
tween it and the Great Bahama Bank at the right, and
were photographed again from the same spacecraft
about 90 minutes later.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63013
253
When this picture was taken, on the next revolution
after the preceding photo, cumulus clouds had begun
to form rows over Cape Kennedy in a northwesterly
wind. Offshore the cumulus in a diagonal line through
the center of this view had grown. Open cellular pat-
terns persisted in the cloud field seaward of that line.
and tufts of cirrus crossed Florida's eastern coast north
of Cape Kennedy. The bands of stratocumulus in the
upper left were in the cooler air behind the cold front
that lay across the peninsula's southern tip. Cape Ken-
nedy was the starting point of the Gemini flights but not
the terminus.
GEMINI .\1I NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63040
254
It was late afternoon when this photo was taken, about
90 minutes after the preceding one, and the spacecraft
was again near its starting point but proceeding around
the world again. The Florida Keys are visible in the
lower center. The wide zone of cumuliform clouds pass-
ing diagonally through this picture marked the location
of the weak cold front that had been photographed
during the two preceding revolutions. It was moving off
the mainland. The Gemini astronauts obtained many
more photos of the Earth than it was possible to include
in this volume. All of them are now available for
scientific use.
GEMINI XII NOVEMBER 14, 1966 S66-63063
255
APPENDIX A
The Gemini Flight Crews
i. HE photography presented in this volume and its companion volume, Earth
Photographs from Gemini III, IV, and V, was made possible by the men who flew
the spacecraft. These men were not professional photographers, but they were
professional observers, recorders, and interpreters of scientific phenomena, as well
as human beings appreciative of natural beauty. Thus, these photographs represent
a combination of scientific and esthetic interests. Each of the flight crews was
selected for a particular mission several months before the flight and underwent
rigorous specific-mission training during the period between selection and launch.
The training included not only instruction and practice in the use of the cameras
and film but also briefings on the scientific background and purpose of the photo-
graphic experiments planned for that particular flight, in addition to the engineer-
ing and pilot training required for the mission.
The photographic coverage obtained on each flight was determined by a com-
bination of flight objectives and flight duration, and, to a large- degree, by the
weather conditions and cloud coverage. On nearly all of the flights, excellent
coverage was obtained of various desert areas. Only once or twice, however, was
the weather suitable for photography of the surface of some areas such as the Texas
gulf coast region. Nearly all of the flights were at altitudes ranging from 100 to
200 statute miles. The exceptions were those of Gemini X and XI, during which
excursions were made to 475 and 850 miles (741.5 nautical miles), respectively,
using the Agena propulsion system. The higher altitudes reached pemiitted increased
coverage of some areas; and the views obtained of India and Ceylon, in particular,
were among the most startling examples of photography that I have seen.
The photography obtained in the Gemini program will stand as a lasting tribute
to the flight crews' abilities and interest. The names of these men and the duration
of their flights were :
Gemini III: Maj. Virgil I. (Gus) Grissom, USAF, and Lt. Comdr. John VV.
Young, USN; 3 revolutions; 4 hours 53 minutes. Orbit approximately 100 miles
by 140 miles.
Gemini IV: Maj. James A. (Jim) McDivitt, USAF, and Maj. Edward H.
(Ed) White II, USAF; 62 revolutions; 97 hours 56 minutes. Orbit approximately
100 miles by 175 miles.
Gemini V: Lt. Col. L. Gordon (Gordo) Cooper, Jr., USAF, and Lt. Comdr.
Charles (Pete) Conrad, Jr., USN; 120 revolutions; 190 hours 56 minutes. Orbit
approximately 100 miles by 217 miles.
Gemini VII: Lt. Col. Frank Borman, USAF, and Comdr. James A. (Jim)
Lovell, Jr., USN; 206 revolutions; 330 hours 35 minutes. Orbit approximately 100
miles by 204 miles.
257
Virgil I. Grissom
GEMINI III
John W. Young
GEMINI IV
Edward H. White II
James A. McDivitt
GEMINI VI
Thomas P. Stafford
Walter M. Schirra , Jr.
258
GEMINI VII
James A. Lovell
Frank Borman
Nell A. Armstrong
GEMINI VIII
David R. Scott
GEMINI IX
Thomas P. Stafford
Eugene Cernan
John W. Young
GEMINI X
Michael Collins
GEMINI XI
Richard F. Gordon, Jr. Charles Conrad, Jr.
GEMINI XII
Edward E. Aldrin, Jr.
James A. Lovell
259
Gemini VI: Capt. Walter M. (Wally) Schirra, Jr., USN, and Maj. Thomas
P. (Tom) Stafford, USAF; 16 revolutions; 25 hours 51 minutes. Orbit approxi-
mately 100 miles by 161 miles.
Gemini VIII: Neil A. Armstrong and Maj. David R. (Dave) Scott, USAF;
7 revolutions; 10 hours 42 minutes. Orbit approximately 100 miles by 169 miles.
Gemini IX: Lt. Col. Thomas P. (Tom) Stafford, USAF, and Lt. Comdr.
Eugene A. (Gene) Cernan, USN; 45 revolutions; 72 hours 21 minutes. Orbit
approximately 99 miles by 166 miles.
Gemini X: Comdr. John W. Young, USN, and Maj. Michael (Mike) Collins,
USAF; 44 revolutions: 70 hours 46 minutes. Orbit approximately 100 miles by
167 miles, with one excursion to 475 miles.
Gemini XI: Comdr. Charles (Pete) Conrad, Jr., USN, and Lt. Comdr.
Richard F. (Dick) Gordon, Jr., USN; 44 revolutions; 71 hours 17 minutes. Orbit
approximately 100 miles by 177 miles, with two excursions to 850 miles.
Gemini XII: Capt. James A. (Jim) Lovell, Jr., USN, and Maj. Edwin E.
(Buzz) Aldrin, Jr., USAF; 59 revolutions; 94 hours 34 minutes. Orbit approxi-
mately 100 miles by 175 miles.
Robert E. Gilruth, Director,
Manned Spacecraft Center, NASA
260
APPENDIX B
Listings printed in italics appear in this volume. Identifications marked with an asterisk (*) are partially degraded.
Photos marked with two asterisks ( * *) are sufficiently degraded to be considered useless, or nearly so.
GEMINI VI
MAGAZINE A
NASA/MSC
Frame
Color No.
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Revolution
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Date
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GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Area description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
S65-63163
S65-63164
S65-63165
S65-63166
S65-63167
S65-63168
S65-63169
S65-63170
S65-63171
S65HS3172
S65-63173
S65-63174
S65-63175
S65-63176
S65-63177
S65-63178
S65-63179
S65-63180
S65-63181
S65-63182
S65-63183
S65-63184
S65-63185
S65-63544
S65-63545
S65-63546
S65-63547
S65-63548
S65-63549
S65-63550
S65-63551
S65-63552
S65-63553
S65-63554
S65-63555
S65-63556
S65-63557
S65-63558
S65-63559
S65-63560
S65-63561
S65-63562
S65-63563
S65-63564
S65-63565
S65-63566
21:26
163
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, pilot
side, nose down, range 48 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward
camera, range 40 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward
camera, range 43 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward
camera, range 37 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward
camera, range 36 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward
camera, range 40 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward
camera, range 43 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward
camera, range 45 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward
camera, range 55 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward
camera, range 45 ft.
Rendejivous with Gemini VII, nose toward
camera, range 53 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward
camera, range 62 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose toward
camera, range 63 ft.
Earth limb, clouds over ocean.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range
52 ft; clouds.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range
58 ft; clouds.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range
68 ft; clouds.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
adapter section toward camera, range 87 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
adapter section toward camera, range 110 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
adapter section toward camera, range 120 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
adapter section toward camera, range 120 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
adapter section toward camera, range 1 50 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range
210 ft; sky background.
261
MAGAZINE A Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
24
S65-63186
S65-63187
S65-63188
S65-63189
S65-63190
S65-63191
S65-63192
S65-63193
S65-63194
S65-63195
S65-63196
S65-63197
S65-63198
S65-63199
S65-63200
S65-63201
S65-63202
S65-63203
S65-63204
S65-63205
S65-63206
S65-63207
S65-63208
S65-63209
S65-63210
S65-63211
S65-63567
S65-63568
S65-63569
S65-63570
S65-63571
S65-63572
S65-63573
S65-63574
S65-63575
S65-63576
S65-63577
S65-63578
S65-63579
S65-63580
S65-63581
S65-63582
S65-63583
S65-63584
S65-63585
S65-63586
S65-63587
S65-63588
S65-63589
S65-63590
S65-63591
S65-63592
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Rendezvous vifith Gemini VII, side view, range
220 ft; sky background.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, rzmge
275 ft; sky background.
Rendezi'ous with Gemini VII, oblique nose view,
range 50 Jl.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique nose view,
range 35 ft; perfect stereo with No. 28.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique nose view,
range 35 ft; perfect stereo with No. 27.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique nose view,
range 33 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, nose
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
hidden by Gemini VI nose, range 24 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, part of
adapter hidden by nose of Gemini VI,
range 22 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, part of
adapter hidden by nose of Gemini VI,
range 35 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view turning
nose away from camera, range 38 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
turning nose away from camera, range 40 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view, dark
shadows on adapter section, range 42 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, adapter section
in deep shadow, range 47 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, adapter side,
range 25 ft; Sun in lens, ruins picture quality.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range
30 ft; Sun in lens, ruins picture quality.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range
65 ft; .Sun in lens, ruins picture quality.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side-view adapter
section, range 30 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side-view adapter
section, range 32 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, turning
adapter section toward camera, range 40 Jt.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, turning
adapter section toward camera, range 45 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
turning adapter section toward camera,
range 50 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
turning adapter section toward camera,
range 65 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
turning adapter section toward camera,
range 75 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range
130 ft; clouds, sea background.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range
130 ft; clouds, sea background.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range
125 ft; clouds, sea background.
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
21:47
22:46
163
161
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
262
^
MAGAZINE A Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
50
S65-63212
S65-63213
S65-63214
S65-63215
S65-63216
S65-63217
S65-63218
S65-63219
S65-63220
S65-63221
S65-63222
S65-63223
S65-63224
S65-63593
S65-63594
S65-63595
S65-63596
S65-63597
S65-63598
S65-63599
S65-63600
S65-63601
S65-63602
S65-63603
S65-63604
S65-63605
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
15, 1965
15, 1965
15, 1965
15. 1965
15, 1965
15, 1965
15. 1965
15, 1965
15, 1965
15, 1965
15, 1965
15, 1965
15, 1965
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
adapter toward camera, range 100 ft;
clouds, ocean.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
adapter toward camera, range 90 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
adapter toward camera, range 75 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
adapter toward camera, range 65 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range
50 ft; clouds, sea background.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range
48 ft; clouds, sea background.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view, range
45 ft; clouds, sea background.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
turning adapter toward camera, range 40 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
turning adapter toward camera, range 37 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, oblique view,
turning adapter toward camera, range 37 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, adapter end,
range 42 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, adapter end,
range 42 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, adapter end,
range 42 ft; partial frame.
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
23:14
166
MAGAZINE B
NASA/MSC
Color No.
S65-63101
S65-63102
S65-63103
S65-63104
S65-63105
S65-63106
865-63107
S65-63108
S65-63109
S65-63110
S65-63111
S65-63112
S65-63113
B&W No.
S65-64887
S65-64888
S65-64889
S65-64890
S65-64891
S65-64892
S65-64893
S65-64894
S65-64895
S65-64896
S65-64897
S65-64898
S65-64899
Revolution
Date
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
GMT
23:54
Alt,
N. Mi.
157
Area description
Rendezvous with Gem:
50 ft; off west coast of India
Rendezvous with Gem:
58 ft; off west coast of India.
Rendezvous with Gem:
60 ft; off west coast of India
Rendezvous with Gem:
double exposure.
Rendezvous with Gem:
range 150 ft; rotation sequence
Rendezvous with Gem
range 150 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemi
range 150 ft.
Rendezvous with Gem:
range 160 ft.
Rendezvous with Gem
range 180 ft.
Rendezvous with Gem:
range 160 ft.
Rendezvous with Gem:
range 170 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemi
range 180 ft.
Rendezvous with Gem
range 150 ft.
ni VII, side view, range
)f India.
ni VII, side view, range
if India.
ni VII, side view, range
if India.
ni VII, side view;
ni VII, side view,
1 sequence.
ni VII, side view,
ni VII, side view,
ni VII, side view,
ni VII, side view,
ni VII, side view,
ni VII, side view,
ni VII, side view,
ni VII, side view,
263
MAGAZINE B Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
14
S65-63114
S65-64900
7
Dec. 15, 1965
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view,
15
S65-63115
S65-63116
S65-64901
S65-64902
7
7
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
range 150 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII side view
16
range 140 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view,
17
S65-63117
S65-64903
7
Dec. 15, 1965
range 125 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view,
18
S65-63118
S65-63119
S65-63120
S65-63121
S65-63122
S65-63123
S65-63124
S65-63125
S65-63126
S65-64904
S65-64905
S65-64906
S65-64907
S65-64908
S65-64909
S65-64910
S65-64911
S65-64912
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
range 125 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view.
19
range 90 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view.
20
range 120 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view.
21
range 100 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view,
22
range 70 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view.
23
range 37 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view.
24
range 45 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view,
25
range 47 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, side view,
26
range 50 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII nose view
27
S65-63127
S65-64913
7
Dec. 16, 1965
00;07
159
range 75 ft; stereo with No. 27.
Rendezvous with Gemini VII, nose view,
2S
29
365-63128
S65-63129
S65-63130
S65~64914
S65-64915
S65-64916
9
Dec. 16, 1965
Dec. 16, 1965
Dec. 16, 1965
03:10
155
range 75 ft; stereo with No. 26.
India, .Nepal: Bareilly, Rampiir; Ganges plain,
Himalaya front, east of Delhi.
Urine drops in sunlight.
Somali Republic: Ras Hajun, Wadi Giael.
30
7J
09:28
159
31
S65-63737
S65-64917
;i
Dec. 16, 1965
09:28
159
Somali Republic: Ras HaJun, Wadi Giael.
32
S65-63132
S65-64918
7J
Dec. 16, 1965
09:28
159
Somali Republic: Ras Hafiin, Wadi Giael.
33
S65-63133
S65-64919
13
Dec. 16, 1965
09:28
159
Somali Republic: Wadi Giael.
34
S65-63134
S65-64920
13
Dec. 16, 1965
09:30
160
Socotra Island, extreme east tip, .Arabian Sea.
35
S65-63135
S65-64921
13
Dec. 16, 1965
09:45
167
Western Australia: Lake .McLeod.
36
S65-63136
S65-64922
13
Dec. 16, 1965
09:45
167
Western Australia: Shark Bay, Denham Sound,
37
S65-63137
S65-64923
13
Dec. 16, 1965
09:45
167
Carnarvon Tracking Station.
Western Australia: Kennedy Range and plateau
to the southeast.
38
S65-63138
S65-64924
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:34
154
Cumulus clouds over western Atlantic.
39
S65-63139
S65-64925
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:34
154
Cumulus clouds over western Atlantic.
40
S65-63140
S65-64926
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:34
154
Cumulus clouds over western Atlantic.
41
S65-63141
S65-64927
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:42
155
Large disturbance over central Atlantic,
42
S65-63142
S65-64928
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:42
155
1000 miles west of Canary Islands.
Large disturbance over central Atlantic,
43
S65-63143
S65-64929
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:43
755
1000 miles west of Canary Islands.
Large disturbance over central Atlantic, 1000 miles
44
S65-63144
S65-64930
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:43
155
west of Canary Islands.
Large disturbance over central Atlantic,
45
S65-63145
S65-64931
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:43
155
1000 miles west of Canary Islands.
Large disturbance over central Atlantic,
46
47
865-63146
S65-63147
S65-64932
S65-64933
14
14
Dec. 16, 1965
Dec. 16, 1965
10:45
10:45
156
156
1000 miles west of Canary Islands.
Cellular cloud jormations west oj Canary Islands.
Cellular cloud formations west of Canary Islands.
264
,
MAGAZINE B Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
48
S65-63148
S65-64934
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:45
156
Eddies in stratocumulus near Gomera, La Palma, and
Hierro Islands.
49
S65-63149
S65-64935
14
Dec. 76, 1965
10:46
156
Eddies in stratocumulus near Tenerife and Gomera
Islands.
50
S65-63150
S65-64936
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:46
156
Eddies in stratocumulus near Tenerife, Gomera,
and Gran Canaria Islands.
51
S65-63151
S65-64937
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:46
156
Eddies in stratocumulus near Tenerife and Gran
Canaria Islands.
52
S65-63152
S65-64938
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:46
156
Eddies in stratocumulus near Gran Canaria and
Fuerteventura Islands.
53
S65-63153
S65-64939
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:47
157
Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania, Spanish Sahara:
Hamada du Dra area.
54
S65-63I54
S65-64940
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:48
157
Algeria, Mauritania: Erg Iguidi.
55
S65-63155
S65-64941
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:48
157
Algeria, Mauritania: Erg Iguidi.
56
S65-63156
S65-64942
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:49
157
Southern Algeria: Tanezrouft Desert of Sahara.
57
365-63157
S65-64943
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:51
158
Southeast Algeria: Fort Lapperine; Ahaggar Mountains.
58
S65-63158
S65-64944
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:52
158
Niger Republic: Air ou Azbine.
59
S65-63159
S65-64945
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:56
159
Sudan: Darfur Province; Jebel Gurgei.
60
S65-63160
S65-64946
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:56
159
.Sudan: Darfur Province; Jebel Marva.
61
S65-63161
S65-64947
14
Dec. 16, 1965
10:58
160
Sudan: Upper Nile Province; the Sudd, large swamp
in White Nile.
62
S65-63162
S65-64948
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:00
161
Ethiopia: Lakes ^wai, Langana, and Shala;
Koka Dam south of Addis Ababa — partial frame.
MAG
\ZINE
C
NAS.VMSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
.Area description
7
S65-63280
S65-63293
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:12
166
Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean.
2
S65-63279
S65-63294
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:12
166
Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean.
3
S65-63278
S65-63295
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:13
166
Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean.
4
S65-63277
865-63296
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:13
166
Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean.
5
865-63276
865-63297
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:14
167
Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean.
6
S65-63275
865-63298
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:14
167
Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean.
7
S65-63274
865-63299
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:14
167
Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean.
8
S65-63273
865-63300
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:14
167
Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean.
9
S65-63272
865-63301
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:14
167
Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean.
10
S65-63271
865-63302
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:15
167
Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean.
11
865-63270
865-63303
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:15
167
Clouds over southeast Indian Ocean.
12
S65-63269
S65-63304
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:47
156
Sunset.
13
S65-63268
865-63305
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:47
156
Sunset.
14
865-63267
865-63306
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:47
156
Sunset.
15
865-63266
865-63307
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:47
156
Sunset.
16
865-63265
865-63308
14
Dec. 16, 1965
11:47
156
Sunset.
17
Blank.
IS
565^3264
S65-63309
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:21
158
Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of Canary Islands.
19
865-63263
865-63310
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:21
158
Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of
Canary Islands.
20
S65-63262
865-63311
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:21
158
Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of
Canary Islands.
21
865-63261
865-63312
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:21
158
Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of
Canary Islands.
22
865-63260
865-63313
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:22
158
Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of
Canary Islands.
23
865-63259
865-63314
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:22
158
Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of
Canary Islands.
24
865-63258
S65-63315
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:22
158
Lines of cumulus clouds southwest of
Canary Islands.
265
MAGAZINE C Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
.Area description
25
S65-63257
S65-63316
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:23
158
Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Port Etienne;
Cap Blanc, Levrier Bay.
26
S65-63256
S65-63317
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:23
158
Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Cap Blanc,
Levrier Bay.
27
S65-63255
S63-6337S
15
Dec. 76, 1965
12:24
15S
Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Cap Blanc, Levrier Bay.
28
S65-63254
S65-63319
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:24
159
Mauritania, Senegal: Dakar, Noaukchott;
Senegal River.
29
S65-63253
S65-63320
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:24
159
Mauritania, Senegal: Gambia, Guinea,
Portuguese Guinea: Aouker Basin.
30
S65~63252
S65-6332I
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:24
159
Mauritania, Senegal: Gambia, Guinea,
Portuguese Guinea: Aouker Basin.
37
S65-^3251
S6S-63322
75
Dec. 16, 7965
12:24
159
Mauritania, .Senegal: Gambia, Guinea, Portuguese
Guinea: Aouker Basin.
32
S65-63250
S65-63323
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:24
159
Mauritania, Senegal: Gambia, Guinea, Portuguese
Guinea.
33
S65-63249
S65-63324
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:24
159
Mauritania, Senegal, Mali: Aouker Basin.
34
S65-63248
S65-63325
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:25
159
Mauritania, Senegal, Spanish Sahara.
J5
S65-63247
S65-63326
15
Dec. 76, 1965
12:26
759
Mauritania, Mali: Timbuktu; Niger River marshes.
36
S65-63246
S65-63327
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:26
159
Mauritania, Mali: Timbuktu; Niger River marshes.
37
S65-63245
S65-63328
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:26
159
Mauritania, Mali, Upper Volta: Timbuktu,
Niger River marshes.
38
S65-63244
S65-63329
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:27
159
Mali, Upper Volta, Niger: Niger River Basin,
Sahara.
39
S65-63243
S65-63330
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:29
160
Cirrus puff over Nigeria, Niger, Mali.
40
S65-63242
S65-63331
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:29
160
Cirrus puffs over Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Upper
Volta, Dahomey.
41
S65-63241
S65-63332
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:29
160
Cirrus puffs over Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Upper
Volta, Dahomey.
A2
S65-63240
S65-63333
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:30
160
Cirrus puffs over Nigeria, .Niger, Mali, Upper
Volta, Dahomey.
43
S65-63239
S65-63334
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:30
160
Cirrus puffs over Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Upper
Volta, Dahomey.
44
S65-63238
S65-63335
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:30
160
Cirrus puffs over Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Upper
Volta, Dahomey.
45
S65-63237
S65-63336
15
Dec. 16, 1965
Sky, horizon.
Heavy haze, cellular cumulus clouds over Cameroon,
Central African Republic.
46
365^3236
S65-63337
15
Dec. 76, 7965
47
S65-63235
S65-63338
15
Dec. 16, 1965
Heavy haze, cellular cumulus clouds over
Cameroon, Central African Republic.
48
S65-63234
S65-63339
15
Dec. 16, 1965
Very heavy haze, clouds over Republic of
the Congo.
49
S65-63233
S65-63340
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:36
163
Uganda: Lake Victoria, Sese Islands;
cimiulus clouds.
50
S65-63232
S65-63341
15
Dec. 16, 7965
12:37
163
Tanzania: Lake Victoria, Speke Gulf; cumulus clouds.
51
S65-63231
S65-63342
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:37
163
Tanzania: Lake Victoria, Speke Gulf;
cumulus clouds.
52
S65-63230
S65-63343
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:38
164
Tanzania coast, islands of Zanzibar and Pemba;
cumulus clouds.
53
S65-63229
S65-63344
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:38
164
Tanzania coast, south of Dar es Salaam.
54
565-6J225
S65-63345
15
Dec. 76, 1965
72:40
165
Tanzania, Mozambique coast: Indian Ocean; clouds.
55
S65-63227
S65-63346
75
Dec. 16, 1965
12:41
765
Comoro Islands: He Moheli, He d'Anjouan,
Gran Comore Island, He de Mayotte.
56
S65-63226
S65-63347
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:41
165
Comoro Islands: He Moheli, He d'Anjouan,
Gran Comore Island, lie de Mayotte.
57
S65-63225
S65-63348
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:41
165
Comoro Islands: lie de Mayotte.
266
MAGAZINE
D
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S65-63281
S65-63700
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:43
167
Northeast of Madagascar Island, Malagasy
Republic in background.
2
S65-63282
S65-63701
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:43
167
Northeast of Madagascar Island, Malagasy-
Republic in background.
3
S63-63283
S65-63702
75
Dec. 16, 1965
12:44
167
Mascarene Islands: La Reunion, Madagascar
in background.
4
S65-63284
S65-63703
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:44
167
Mascarene Islands: La Reunion and Mauritius.
5
S65-63285
S65-63704
15
Dec. 16, 1965
12:44
167
Mascarene Islands: La Reunion and Mauritius.
6
S65-63286
S65-63705
15
Dec. 16, 1965
13:39
154
Cumulus puffs over Gulf of Mexico.
7
S65-63287
S65-63706
15
Dec. 16, 1965
13:39
154
Cumulus puffs over Gulf of Mexico.
8
S65-63288
S65-63707
15
Dec. 16, 1965
13:40
154
Cumulus puffs over Gulf of Mexico.
9
S65-63289
S65-63708
15
Dec. 16, 1965
13:40
154
Cumulus puffs over Gulf of Mexico.
10
S65-63290
S65-63709
16
Dec 16, 1965
Nose of Gemini VI showing insulation extrusion
on thruster ports.
11
S65-63291
S65-63710
16
Dec. 16, 1965
Nose of Gemini VI showing insulation extrusion
on thruster ports.
12
S65-63292
S65-63711
16
Dec. 16, 1965
Nose of Gemini VI out of focus
GEMINI VII
MAGAZINE 22
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
865-63832
865-64949
11
Dec. 5, 1965
16:33
120
8audi Arabia: Ar Riyad; Jabal Tuwayiq
2
865-63831
865-64950
Dec. 5, 1965
Algeria: Erg Iquidi, good display of sand dunes
(250-mm lens).
3
S65-63830
S65-64951
13
Dec. 5, 1965
19:32
121
Algeria: Oucd Saoura, south of Bechar, rain runoff in
normally dry lake bed {250-mm); see frames 46, 47.
4
865-63829
865-64952
13
Dec. 5, 1965
19:34
121
Algeria: south of Fort Flatters, Tifernine dunes,
1000 ft. high (250-mm lens).
5
865-63828
865-64953
13
Dec. 5, 1965
19:36
121
Algeria, Libya: Looking across Idehan
Marzuq, toward Tibesti Mountains.
6
S65-63827
S65-64954
13
Dec. 5, 1965
20:38
164
Tuamotu Archipelago: atolls of Tikehua, Rangiroa,
Arulua, Apataki, Kaukura, Toau, Niau, Fakarava.
7
S65-63826
S65-64955
14
Dec. 5, 1965
20:50
129
Cuba: Oriente Province, Guantanamo Bay, Santiago
de Cuba.
8
S65-63825
S65-64956
15
Dec. 5, 1965
17:54
124
Bahama Islands: Andros, .New Providence,
Berry Islands.
9
S65-63824
S65-64957
15
Dec. 5, 1965
19:28
121
Florida-Georgia; Atlantic Coast, Jacksonville;
St. Johns River.
10
865-63823
865-64958
16
Dec. 5, 1965
20:54
124
Mexico, California, Arizona: Baja California,
Sonora area.
11
S65-63822
565-64959
16
Dec. 5, 1965
20:55
123
Mexico: Baja California, Punta Eugenia.
12
865-63821
865-64960
17
Dec. 5, 1965
22:01
159
Australia: Northern Territory, east coast of
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, west of Darwin.
13
865-63820
865-64961
17
Dec. 5, 1965
22:30
120
Mexico, California, Arizona; Baja California;
Moon near full.
14
865-63819
865-64962
19
Dec. 6, 1965
Double exposure over Mexico.
8tratocumulus cells over Indian Ocean.
15
S65-63818
865-64963
19
Dec. 6, 1965
01:10
146
16
865-63817
S65-64964
19
Dec. 6, 1965
01:10
146
8tratocumulus cells over Indian Ocean.
17
865-63816
865-64965
19
Dec. 6, 1965
Clouds, Moon near full.
18
865-63815
865-64966
29
Dec. 6, 1965
17:46
131
*Central Mexico: Aguascalientes-Zacatecas area.
?5
S65-63814
S65-64967
29
Dec. 6, 1965
17:47
131
*Central Mexico: San Luis Polos'i area.
20
865-63813
865-64968
29
Dec. 6, 1965
MAI
130
*Eastern Mexico: 8an Luis Potosi-Matehuela
21
865-63812
865-64969
29
Dec. 6, 1965
\1:A1
129
*Eastern Mexico: Ciudad Victoria area.
267
MAGAZINE 22 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
.\rea description
22
S65-63811
S65-64970
29
Dec. 6, 1965
17:48
129
*Eastern Mexico: Ciudad Victoria-gulf coast.
23
S65-63810
S65-64971
29
Dec. 6, 7965
17:48
729
Eastern Mexico: Gulf coast at La Pesca.
24
S65-63809
S65-64972
30
Dec. 6, 1965
19:25
121
Florida: east coast, St. Augustine to Fort Pierce,
Kennedy Space Center.
25
S65-63808
S65-64973
30
Dec. 6, 1965
19:25
121
Florida: east coast, Titusville to north of Daytona
Beach (250-mm tens).
26
S65-63807
S65-64974
30
Dec. 6, 1965
19:25
121
Florida: east coast, Kennedy Space Center, Aierritt
Island Complex {250-mm lens).
27
S65-63806
S65-64975
31
Dec. 6, 1965
19:25
121
Florida: Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island
to Daytona Beach (250-mm lens).
28
S65-63805
S65-64976
31
Dec. 6, 1965
Moonrise out of focus.
29
S65-63804
S65-64977
31
Dec. 6, 1965
20:57
120
Gulf coast: Texas, Galveston Bay to central
Louisiana, very hazy.
30
S65-63803
S65-64978
31
Dec. 6, 1965
20:57
120
Gulf coast: Texas, Galveston Bay to central
Louisiana, very hazy.
31
S65-63802
S65-64979
31
Dec. 6, 1965
20:57
120
Texas; Houston, Beaumont; Jetero Airport,
very hazy.
32
S65-63801
S65-64980
31
Dec. 6, 1965
20:57
120
East Texas, west Louisiana: Sam Ray burn
Reservoir, very hazy.
33
S65-63800
S65-64981
32
Dec. 6, 1965
21:01
120
Ocean off Florida.
34
S65-63799
S65-64982
32
Dec. 6, 1965
21:01
120
Ocean off Florida.
35
S65-63798
S65-64983
32
Dec. 6, 1965
21:01
120
Polaris underwater launch, missile and trail
off Florida.
36
S65-63797
S65-64984
32
Dec. 6, 1965
21:01
120
Polaris underwater launch, missile and trail
off Florida.
37
S65-63796
,S65-64985
32
Dec. 6, 1965
21:01
120
Polaris underwater launch, missile and trail
off Florida.
38
S65-63795
S65-64986
*Clouds, underexposed.
39
S65-63794
S65-64987
32
Dec. 6, 1965
21:02
120
*Bahama Islands: south end of Andros Island.
40
S65-63793
S65-64988
32
Dec. 6, 1965
21:02
120
*Bahama Islands: Great Exuma Island,
Long Island.
41
S65-63792
S65-64989
32
Dec. 6, 1965
21:02
120
*Bahama Islands: Crooked Island,
Acklins Island.
42
S65-63791
S65-64990
Double exposure, limb plus sunset or sunrise.
Mexico: Tamaulipas, Tampico; gulf coast.
43
S65-63790
S65-64991
32
Dec. 6, 1 965
22:31
120
Cape Rojo.
44
S65-63789
S65-64992
33
Dec. 6, 1965
22:43
129
Limb at sunset.
45
S65-63788
S65-64993
33
Dec. 6, 1965
22:45
131
Sunset, note cloud layers in red.
46
S65-63787
S65-64994
43
Dec. 7, 1965
14:55
121
Algeria: Oued Saoura, south of Bechar, rain
runoff in normally dry lake bed (see frame 3 for
telephoto view).
47
S65-63786
S65-64995
43
Dec. 7, 1965
14:55
121
Algeria: Oued Saoura, south of Bechar, rain
runoff in normally dry lake bed, good display of
sand dunes (see frame 3 for telephoto view).
48
S65-63785
S65-64996
43
Dec. 7, 1965
14:56
121
Algeria: Tidikelt, Ahnet regions, Ahaggar
Mountains.
49
S65~63784
S65-64997
43
Dec. 7, 1965
14:56
121
Algeria: Tidikelt, Ahnet regions, {good dome structure),
Ahaggar Mountains.
50
S65-63783
S65-64998
Underexposed.
Marshall Islands: Namorik Atoll.
51
S65-63782
S65-64999
46
Dec. 7, 1965
20:30
155
52
S65-63781
S65-64500
Partial frame
X tjli LlUl IL UILIV..
268
MAGAZINE
17
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S65-63833
S65-65337
47
Dec. 7, 1965
22:24
126
Clouds, tropical storm off Baja California.
2
S65-63834
S65-65338
47
Dec. 7, 1965
22:25
126
Clouds, tropical storm ojf Baja California.
3
S65-63835
S65-65339
47
Dec. 7, 1965
22:26
126
Clouds, tropical storm off Baja California.
4
S65-63836
S65-65340
47
Dec. 7, 1965
22:27
126
*Western Mexico: east of Culiacan.
5
S65-63837
S65-65341
47
Dec. 7, 1965
22:27
126
*Western Mexico: Laguna de Santiaguillo.
6
S65-63838
S65-65342
47
Dec. 7, 1965
22:28
126
*Western Mexico: Durango.
7
S65-63839
S65-65343
47
Dec. 7, 1965
22:28
126
*Western Mexico: Durango.
8
S65-63840
S65-65344
47
Dec. 7, 1965
22:28
126
'Western Mexico: Sombrerete, Rio Grande,
Valparaiso.
9
S65-63841
S65-65345
47
Dec. 7, 1965
22:28
126
*Central Mexico: Fresnillo Zacatecas.
10
S65-63842
S65-65346
47
Dec. 7, 1965
22:28
126
*Central Mexico: Zacatecas, Salinas.
11
S65-63843
S65-65347
47
Dec. 7, 1965
22:28
126
*Central Mexico: Salinas, San Luis Potosi.
12
S65-63844
S65-65348
47
Dec. 7, 1965
22:29
126
'Central Mexico: San Luis Potosi.
13
S65-63845
S65-63846
S65-65349
S65-65350
Blank.
14
48
Dec. 7, 1965
23:23
160
Moon, full.
15
S65-63847
S65-65351
48
Dec. 7, 1965
23:23
160
Moon, full (warped picture).
16
Blank.
17
Blank.
18
S65-63848
S65-65352
56
Dec. 8, 1965
11:48
131
♦Libya; Gulf of Sirte.
19
S65-63849
S65-65353
56
Dec. 8, 1965
11:52
729
Israel, S)ria, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Cyprus, Iraq:
Nile Delta, Sinai Peninsula.
20
S65-63850
S65-65354
56
Dec. 8, 1965
11:52
128
♦Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, United Arab Republic:
Dead Sea.
21
S65-63851
S65-65355
56
Dec. 8, 1965
11:55
127
Muscat and Oman: Ra's al Hadd.
22
S65-63852
S65-65356
56
Dec. 8, 1965
12:00
130
Full Moon, cirrus clouds over Indian Ocean,
note patterns (see frame 49).
23
S65-63853
S65-65357
56
Dec. 8, 1965
12:00
130
Clouds, Indian Ocean, note patterns (see frame 49).
24
S65-63854
S65-6535S
56
Dec. 8, 1965
12:56
160
Galapagos Islands; openings in clouds.
25
S65-63855
S65-65359
57
Dec. 8, 1965
13:04
149
Leeward Islands: Guadeloupe, Antigua, Maria
Galante, Montserrat.
26
S65-63856
S65-65360
57
Dec. 8, 1965
13:23
128
Libya: basalt flows of Black Haruj.
27
S65-63857
S65-65361
58
Dec. 8, 1965
14:37
145
Bahama Islands: Crooked, Acklins, Long and
Mayaguana Islands, San Salvador, Plana Cays
and Samana Cay.
28
565-63858
S65-65362
58
Dec. 8, 1965
14:37
145
Bahama Islands: Crooked, .Acklins, Mayaguana
Islands, Plana Cays, Samana Cay.
29
S65-63859
S65-63860
S65-65363
S65-65364
Blank.
30
58
Dec. 8, 1965
16:10
140
* 'Florida Keys.
31
S65-63861
S65-65365
58
Dec. 8, 1965
16:10
140
* 'Florida: Keys, Whitewater Bay.
32
S65-63862
S65-65366
58
Dec. 8, 1965
16:10
140
"Florida: Keys, Florida Bay, Everglades.
33
S65-63863
S65-65367
58
Dec. 8, 1965
16:11
140
"Florida: Keys, Florida Bay, Everglades.
34
S65-63864
S65-65368
59
Dec. 8, 1965
16:12
140
"Edge of Great Bahama Bank, Straits of Florida.
35
S65-63865
S65-65369
59
Dec. 8, 1965
16:12
140
' 'Edge of Great Bahama Bank, Straits of
Florida, Andros Island.
36
S65-63866
S65-65370
59
Dec. 8, 1965
16:12
140
"Bahama Islands: Andros Island area.
37
S65-63867
S65-65371
59
Dec. 8, 1965
16:13
139
"Bahama Islands: Andros Island area.
38
S65-63868
S65-65372
61
Dec. 8, 1965
20:45
135
Clouds over eastern Pacific off Mexico (see
frames 50-55).
39
S65-63869
S65-65373
61
Dec. 8, 1965
20:45
135
'Clouds over eastern Pacific off Mexico (see
frames 50-55).
40
S65-63870
S65-65372
67
Dec. 8, 1965
20:47
133
*Guadalupe Island, Pacific Ocean ojf
Baja California, Mexico.
41
S65-63871
S65-65375
61
Dec. 8, 1965
20:49
132
'Mexico: Baja California, Punta Eugenia,
Cedros Island.
42
S65-63872
S63-65376
63
Dec. 8, 1965
21:30
155
Moon, clouds over western Pacific.
43
S65-63873
S65-65377
63
Dec. 8, 1965
21:30
155
Moon, clouds over western Pacific.
44
S65-63874
S65-65378
Blank.
269
MAGAZINE 17 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
45
S65-63875
S65-65379
73
Dec. 9, 1965
14:48
131
*Canary Islands: Tenerife and La Palma Islands.
46
S65-63876
S65-65380
73
Dec. 9, 1965
14:49
130
*Canary Islands: Tenerife, Gomera, Gran
Canaria Islands.
47
S65-63877
S65-65381
73
Dec. 9, 1965
14:49
130
*Canary Islands: Tenerife, Gran Canaria Islands.
48
S65-63878
S65-65382
74
Dec. 9, 1965
16:26
126
**Mauritania: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure.
49
S65-63879
S65-65383
74
Dec. 9, 1965
16:50
161
Clouds, Indian Ocean (see frames 22 and 23)
50
S65-63880
S65-65384
76
Dec. 9, 1965
20:45
161
Clouds over eastern Pacific off Mexico (see
frames 39, 38)
51
S65-63881
S65-65385
76
Dec. 9, 1965
20:45
161
Clouds over eastern Pacific of! Mexico (see
frames 38, 39)
52
S65-63882
S65-65386
76
Dec. 9, 1965
20:46
161
Clouds over eastern Pacific off Mexico (see
frames 38, 39)
53
S65-63883
S65-65387
76
Dec. 9, 1965
20:46
161
Clouds over eastern Pacific off Mexico (see
frames 38, 39)
54
S65-63884
S65-65388
76
Dec. 9, 1965
20:46
161
Clouds over eastern Pacific off Mexico (see
frames 38, 39)
55
S65-63885
S65-65389
76
Dec. 9, 1965
20:47
161
Clouds over Mexico, Sonora.
56
S65-63886
S65-65390
76
Dec. 9, 1965
20:50
161
Mexico: Torreon, Camargo area.
57
S65-63887
S65-65391
76
Dec. 9, 1965
20:50
161
Mexico: Torreon area.
58
S65-63888
S65-65392
76
Dec. 9, 7965
20:50
161
Mexico: Torreon, Saltillo area.
59
S65-63889
565^5393
76
Dec. 9, 1965
20:51
161
Mexico: Saltillo, Monterrey area.
MAGAZINE
24
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S65-63722
865-65120
11
Dec. 9, 1965
21:51
162
*Clouds at twilight.
2
865-63723
865-65121
11
Dec. 9, 1965
21:52
162
*Clouds.
3
S65-63724
865-65122
11
Dec. 9, 1965
21:52
162
*Clouds, western Pacific.
4
865-63725
865-65123
11
Dec. 9, 1965
21:55
162
Clouds, western Pacific.
5
S65-63726
S65-65124
77
Dec. 9, 1965
22:09
162
Hawaiian Islands: Pearl and Hermes Reef, K'ure
Island, Midway Island.
6
S65-63727
S65-65125
77
Dec. 9, 1965
22:09
162
Hawaiian Islands: Pearl and Hermes Reef.
1
865-63728
865-65126
79
Dec. 10, 1965
01:03
161
China: Kwangtung Province, Hong Kong.
8
S65-63729
865-65127
79
Dec. 10, 1965
01:03
161
China: Kwangtung Province, Hong Kong.
9
865-63730
865-65128
79
Dec. 10, 1965
01:08
161
Daito Islands: Kita and Minami.
10
S65-63731
865-65129
88
Dec. 10, 1965
15:02
160
*Niger, Nigeria, Chad: Lake Chad.
11
S65-63732
865-65130
88
Dec. 10, 1965
15:02
160
*Niger, Nigeria, Chad: Lake Chad.
12
865-63733
S65-65131
88
Dec. 10, 1965
15:03
160
*Niger, Nigeria, Chad: Lake Chad.
13
865-63734
865-65132
89
Dec. 10, 1965
16:29
161
**Mauritania, Spanish Sahara; Cap Blanc
14
865-63735
865-65133
89
Dec. 10, 1965
16:31
160
**Mauritania, Spanish Sahara; Cap Blanc
15
S65-63736
865-65134
91
Dec. 10, 1965
20:54
161
Clouds, Pacific Ocean off Mexico.
16
865-63737
865-65135
91
Dec. 10, 1965
20:56
161
* *West-central Mexico.
17
S65-63738
865-65136
91
Dec. 10, 1965
20:57
161
* *West-central Mexico.
18
S65-63739
S65-65137
91
Dec. 10, 1965
20:57
161
* *West-centrai Mexico.
19
865-63740
865-65138
91
Dec. 10, 1965
20:58
161
*Mexico: north of San Luis Potosi.
20
S65-63741
S65-65139
91
Dec. 10, 1965
21:01
161
Mexico, British Honduras: Yucatan Peninsula,
Quinlana Roo.
21
865-63742
865-65140
91
Dec. 10, 1965
21:01
161
British Honduras: city of Belize, Gulf of Honduras.
22
Blank.
23
S65-63743
S65-65141
100
Dec. 11, 1965
10:37
160
India, Ceylon: Palk Strait, Adam's Bridge.
24
S65-63744
865-65142
100
Dec. 11, 1965
10:38
160
India, Ceylon: Palk Strait, Adam's Bridge.
25
865-63745
S65-65143
100
Dec. 11, 1965
10:38
160
India, Ceylon: Palk Strait, Adam's Bridge.
26
S65-63746
865-65144
101
Dec. 11, 1965
11:58
162
Libya, Chad, Niger: Tibesti Mountains.
11
865-63747
S65-65145
101
Dec. 11, 1965
11:58
162
**Libya, Chad, Nigeria: Tibesti Mountains.
28
S65-63748
865-65146
101
Dec. 11, 1965
11:59
162
Eastern Libya: Al Kufrah, Libyan Desert.
29
S65-63749
865-65147
101
Dec. 11, 1965
12:01
162
United Arab Republic, Libya: Western and
Libyan Deserts
270
MAGAZINE 24 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
30
S65-63750
S65-65148
101
Dec. 11, 1965
12:07
161
Somali Republic: Ras Asir, Ras Hafun, Abd al
Kuri Island.
31
S65-63751
S65-63752
S65-65149
S65-65150
Dec. 11, 1965
Dec. 11, 1965
Clouds, sunlit cumulus tops.
**Florida: Keys and Miami area.
32
102
14:46
163
33
S65-63753
S65-65151
103
Dec. 11, 1965
14:47
163
Bahama Islands: Andros, New Providence, Abaco,
Eleulhera Islands.
34
S65~63754
S65-65752
104
Dec. 11, 1965
16:37
160
Senegal, Gambia, Portuguese Guinea: Dakar, Cape Vert.
35
S65-63755
S65-65153
106
Dec. 11, 1965
19:38
160
* Venezuela: Peninsula de Araya, Isla de
Margarita.
36
S65-63756
S65-65154
106
Dec. 11, 1965
21:05
161
Mexico: Federal District, Morelos, Puebla,
Tlaxcala, Guerrero.
37
S65-63757
S65-65155
106
Dec. 11, 1965
21:05
161
Mexico: Federal District, Morelos, Puebla, Tlaxcala,
Guerrero, Oaxaco, Veracruz.
38
S65-63758
S65-65156
106
Dec. 11, 1965
21:05
161
Mexico: Puebla, Veracruz, Tlaxcala, Oaxaco.
39
S65-63759
S65-65157
106
Dec. 11, 1965
21:06
161
Mexico: Veracruz, Oaxaco.
40
S65-63760
S65-65158
106
Dec. 11, 1965
21:06
161
Mexico: Veracruz, Oaxaco; Goljo and Istmo de
Tehuantepec.
41
S65-63761
S65-63762
S65-65159
S65-65160
*Clouds.
42
109
Dec. 12, 1965
01:16
161
China: Kweichow-Kwangsi Provinces.
43
S65-63763
S65-65161
109
Dec. 12, 1965
01:17
161
China: Kwangtung Province, looking toward
Canton and Hong Kong.
44
S65-63764
S65-65162
109
Dec. 12, 1965
01:17
161
China: coastline of Formosa Strait.
45
S65-63765
S65-65163
116
Dec. 12, 1965
12:12
160
Somali Republic: Ras Asir, Ras Hafun.
46
S65-63766
S65-65164
116
Dec. 12, 1965
12:13
160
Somali Republic: Ras Asir, Ras Hafun,
Socotra Island.
47
S65-63767
S65-65165
116
Dec. 12, 1965
12:13
160
Aden, Somali Republic; Gulf of Aden, Ras Asir.
48
S65-63768
S65-63769
S65-65166
S65-65167
*Clouds.
49
117
Dec. 12, 1965
14:52
161
*Florida: Kennedy Space Center,
Gemini VI abort.
50
S65-63770
S65-65168
117
Dec. 12, 1965
14:52
161
*Florida: Kennedy Space Center,
Gemini VI abort.
51
S65-63771
S65-65169
117
Dec. 12, 1965
14:52
161
*Florida: Kennedy Space Center,
Gemini VI abort.
52
S65-63772
S65-65170
118
Dec. 12, 1965
14:53
161
*Florida: Kennedy Space Center,
Gemini VI abort.
53
S65-63773
S65-63774
S65-63775
S65-63776
S65-63777
S65-63778
S65-63779
S65-65171
S65-65172
S65-65173
S65-65174
S65-65175
S65-65176
S65-65177
54
55
Clouds over ocean.
56
Clouds over ocean, contrails.
57
58
*Clouds.
59
119
Dec. 12, 1965
16:55
160
Angola: coast, south of Luanda(?).
60
S65-63780
S65-65178
123
Dec. 12, 1965
22:59
161
Bolivia, Chile, Argentina: cloud over Andes,
Salar de Uyuni.
61
S65-63781
Partial frame.
MAGAZINE
25
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S65-63991
S65-65061
120
Dec. 12, 1965
19:39
161
*Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua: Carribbean
in foreground. Pacific in background.
2
S65-63992
S65-65062
121
Dec. 12, 1965
19:43
160
Colombia, Venezuela: Peninsula de la Guajira,
Peninsula de Paraguana.
3
S65-63993
S65-65063
121
Dec. 12, 1965
19:43
160
Colombia, Venezuela: Peninsula de la Guajira,
Peninsula de Paraguana.
4
865-63994
S65-65064
121
Dec. 12, 1965
160
Venezuela: Partial frame.
5
S65-63995
S65-65065
121
Dec. 12, 1965
19:44
160
Venezuela: Caracas, Logo de Valencia.
271
MAGAZINE 25 Continued
NASA/MSC 1
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
6
S65-63996
S65-65066
121
Dec. 12, 1965
160
Clouds off Guyana coast.
7
S65-63997
S65-65067
121
Dec. 12, 1965
19:49
160
Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River.
8
S65-63998
S65-65068
121
Dec. 12, 1965
19;49
160
Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River.
9
S65-63999
S65-65069
121
Dec. 12, 1965
19:50
160
Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River,
Baia de Marajo.
10
S65-64000
S65-65070
121
Dec. 12, 1965
19:50
160
Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River,
Baia de Marajo.
11
S65-64001
S65-65071
121
Dec. 12, 1965
19:50
160
Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River.
12
S65-64002
S65-65072
121
Dec. 12, 1965
19:50
160
Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River,
Baia de Marajo.
13
S65-64003
S65-65073
121
Dec. 12, 1965
19:50
160
Brazil: Mouth of Amazon River,
Baia de Marajo.
14
15
CAi;-f,4n04
S65-65074
Double exposure.
S65-64005
VJ\J^ \J ^J \J 1 1
S65-65075
130
Dec. 13, 1965
10:42
161
Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Ethiopia: Red Sea.
16
365^4006
S65-65076
130
Dec. 13, 1965
10:42
161
Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Ethiopia, United .Arab
Republic: Red Sea.
17
S65-64007
S65-65077
130
Dec. 13, 1965
10:43
161
.Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Ethiopia: Red Sea.
18
S65-64008
S65-65078
130
Dec. 13, 1965
10:43
161
Yemen: Southwest corner of Empty Quarter.
19
S65-64009
S65-65079
130
Dec. 13, 1965
10:43
161
Aden Protectorate: Hadramavvt Plateau,
Wadi Hadramawt.
20
S65-64010
S65-65080
130
Dec. 13, 1965
10:43
161
Aden Protectorate: Hadramawt Plateau,
Wadi Hadramawt, Al Mukalla, Gulf of Aden.
21
S65-64011
S65-65081
130
Dec. 13, 1965
10:44
160
Aden Protectorate: Mouth of Wadi Hadramawt,
GulJ of Aden.
22
S65-64012
S65-65082
130
Dec. 13, 1965
10:45
160
Somali Republic: Ras Asir, Ras Hafun.
23
S65-64013
S65-65083
130
Dec. 13, 1965
10:45
160
Socotra Island, Abd al h'uri Island,
The Brothers Islands.
24
S65-64014
S65-65084
131
Dec. 13, 1965
12:17
160
Ethiopia: Lake Tana, Blue Nile.
25
S65-64015
S65-65085
131
Dec. 13, 1965
12:17
160
Ethiopia: Harar, Bale Provinces.
26
S65-64016
S65-65086
131
Dec. 13, 1965
12:17
160
Ethiopia: Harar, Bale Provinces.
27
S65-64017
S65-65087
131
Dec. 13, 1965
12:18
160
Ethiopia: Harar, Bale Provinces.
28
S65-64018
S65-65088
131
Dec. 13, 1965
12:18
160
Ethiopia: Harar Province; Somali Republic.
29
S65-64019
S65-65089
131
Dec. 13, 1965
12:18
160
Ethiopia: Harar Province; Somali Republic.
30
S65-64020
S65-65090
131
Dec. 13, 1965
12:18
160
Ethiopia: Harar Province; Somali Republic.
31
S6S-64021
S65-65091
131
Dec. 13, 1965
12:18
160
Somali Republic: Coastline north of Mogadishu.
32
S65-64022
S65-65092
133
Dec. 13, 1965
15:25
160
Congo, Brazzaville; Republic of Congo, Leopoldville :
Stanley Pool, Congo River.
33
S65-64023
S65-65093
133
Dec. 13, 1965
15:31
161
Mozambique: Mouth of Zambeze River.
34
S65-64024
S65-65094
134
Dec. 13, 1965
18:11
161
Florida: Keys, Florida Bay, Cape Sable,
underwater detail clearly shown.
35
S65-64025
S65-65095
135
Dec. 13, 1965
18:11
161
Cuba: Camaguey Province; Great Bahama Bank,
Tongue of the Ocean.
36
S65-64026
S65-65096
135
Dec. 13, 1965
18:11
161
Cuba: Golfo de Ana Maria, Jardines de la
Reina Islands.
37
S65-64027
S65-65097
135
Dec. 13, 1965
18: 13
161
Haiti, western Dominican Republic.
38
S65-6402S
S65-65098
135
Dec. 13, 1965
18:13
161
Southeastern Haiti, western Dominican Republic.
39
S65-64029
S65-65099
135
Dec. 13, 1965
18:14
161
Guyana: Coastline at Georgetown.
40
S65-64030
S65-65100
143
Dec. 14, 1965
07:19
158
*Cape Verde Islands: Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente.
41
S65-64031
S65-65101
143
Dec. 14, 1965
07:19
158
**Cape Verde Islands: underexposed.
42
S65-64032
S65-65102
143
Dec. 14, 1965
07:23
159
*Mauritania: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure.
43
S65-64033
S65-65I03
**Clouds.
44
S65-64034
S65-65104
162
Dec. 15, 1965
13:37
160
Florida: Kennedy Space Center, Gemini VI
launch, smoke puff at pad 19, clouds, contrails.
45
S65-64035
S65-65105
**Clouds.
46
Blank.
47
Blank.
48
Blank.
272
MAGAZINE 25 Continued
NASA/MSC
Color No.
B&W No.
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Area description
S65-64036
S65-64037
S65~64038
S65-64039
S65-64040
S65-64041
S65-64042
S65-64043
S65-64044
S65-64045
S65-64046
S65-64047
S65-64048
S65-64049
S65-65106
S65-65107
S65-65108
S65-65109
865-65110
865-65111
865-65112
365-651 13
865-65114
S65-65115
365-65116
865-65117
865-65118
365-65119
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1956
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
21:40
161
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, range 45 ft;
underexposed.
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 45 ft.
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 48 ft.
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 38 ft; "Beat Army" sign.
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 38 ft; "Beat Army" sign.
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 55 ft.
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 45 ft.
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 45 ft.
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 270 ft.
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 40 ft.
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view 35 ft.
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, nose view 33 ft.
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, oblique view,
range 60 ft.
Rendezvous, with Gemini VI, oblique view.
range 60 ft.
MAGAZINE 13
NA3A/MSC
Color No.
B&W No.
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi,
Area description
865-63890
865-63891
865-63892
365-63893
865-63894
865-63895
365-63896
865-63897
365-63898
865-63899
865-63900
865-63901
865-63902
865-65296
365-65297
865-65298
865-65299
365-65300
865-65301
865-65302
365-65303
865-65304
365-65305
365-65306
865-65307
365-65308
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
166
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Dec. 15, 1965
Blank.
**Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 1 00 ft.
**Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 130 ft.
* *Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 145 ft.
* *Rendezvous with Gemini VI, oblique nose view,
range 70 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VI, oblique nose view,
range 43 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VI, oblique nose view,
range 40 ft.
* *Rendezvous with Gemini VI, oblique nose view,
range 40 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 58 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 43 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 43 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 40 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view,
range 32 ft.
Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view;
underexposed.
273
MAGAZINE 13 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
15
S65-63903
S65-65309
166
Dec.
15, 1965
Rendezvous with Gemini VI, nose view;
underexposed.
16
S65-63904
S65-65310
* *Double exposure, clouds.
Clouds, reflections on window.
17
S65-63905
S65-63906
S65-65311
S65-65312
18
178
Dec.
16, 1965
15:45
162
**Southwest Africa: Rocky Point, Cape Fria.
19
S65-63907
S65-65313
178
Dec.
16
1965
15:45
162
**Southwest Africa: Rocky Point, Cape Fria.
20
S65-63908
S65-65314
178
Dec.
16
1965
15:45
162
**Southwest Africa: Kaoko Veld.
21
S65-63909
S65-65315
178
Dec.
16
1965
15:45
162
**Southwest Africa: Kaoko Veld.
22
S65-63910
S65-65316
178
Dec.
16
1965
15:45
162
**Southwest Africa: Kaoko Veld, Etosha Pan.
23
S65-63911
S65-65317
178
Dec.
16
1965
15:45
162
**Southwest Africa: Etosha Pan.
24
S65-63912
S65-65318
178
Dec.
16
1965
15:46
162
**Southwest Africa: Etosha Pan.
25
S65-63913
S65-65319
178
Dec.
16
1965
15:46
162
**Southwest Africa: Etosha Pan.
26
S65-63914
S65-65320
178
Dec.
16
1965
15:46
162
* *Southwest Africa.
27
S65-63915
S65-65321
178
Dec.
16
1965
15:46
162
* *Southwest Africa.
28
S65-63916
S65-65322
178
Dec.
16
1965
15:47
162
**.Southwest Africa.
29
S65-63917
S65-65323
178
Dec.
16
1965
15:47
162
**Southwest Africa, Bcchuanaland.
30
S65-63918
565-65324
179
Dec.
16
1965
16:54
160
**Cuba: Pinar del Rio, La Habana Provinces.
31
S65-63919
S65-65325
179
Dec.
16
1965
16:54
160
**Cuba: Matanzas, Las Villas Provinces.
32
S65-63920
S65-65326
179
Dec.
16
1965
16:54
160
**Cuba: Las Villas, Camaguey Provinces.
33
S65-63921
S65-65327
179
Dec.
16
1965
16:55
160
**Cuba: Camaguey, Oriente Provinces.
34
S65-63922
S65-65328
179
Dec.
16
1965
16:55
160
**Cuba: Oriente Province.
35
S65-63923
S65-65329
179
Dec.
16
1965
16:56
160
**Cuba: Oriente Province.
36
S65-63924
S65-65330
179
Dec.
16
1965
16:56
160
**Cuba: Oriente Province.
37
S65-63925
S65-65331
179
Dec.
16
1965
16:56
160
*Haiti, western Dominican Republic.
38
S65-63926
S65-65332
179
Dec.
16
1965
16:57
160
*Dominican Republic.
39
S65-63927
S65-65333
179
Dec.
16
1965
16:58
160
**Easternmost Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico.
40
S65-63928
S65-65334
179
Dec.
16
1965
17:01
160
**Guyana: Mouths of Essequibo and
Demerara Rivers.
41
S65-63929
S65-65335
179
Dec.
16
1965
17:02
161
**Surinam, Guyana: Coastline, clouds.
42
S65-63930
S65-65336
179
Dec.
16
1965
17:03
161
*Brazil; Mouth of Amazon.
MAGAZINE 23
NA.SA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
865-63990
S65-65001
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:54
160
**Mauritania, Mali: Erg Iguidi.
2
S65-63989
S65-65002
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:55
160
**Mali, Algeria: Erg Chech.
3
S65-63988
S65-65003
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:55
160
**Mali, Algeria: Erg Chech.
4
S65-63987
S65-65004
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:55
160
**Mali, Algeria: Tanezrouft region.
5
S65-63986
S65-65005
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:56
160
** Algeria: Tanezrouft region.
6
S65-63985
S65-65006
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:56
160
**Algeria: Tanezrouft region.
7
S65-63984
S65-65007
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:56
160
** Algeria: Tanezrouft region.
8
S65-63983
S65-65008
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:56
160
**Algeria: Tanezrouft region.
9
S65-63982
S65-65009
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:56
160
**Algeria: Tanezrouft region, .Assedjrad
Escarpment.
10
S65-63981
S65-65010
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:57
160
**Algeria: Tanezrouft region, Assedjrad
Escarpment.
11
S65-63980
S65-65011
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:57
160
** Algeria: Tanezrouft region, .Assedjrad
Escarpment.
12
S65-63979
S65-65012
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:57
160
**Algeria: Tanezrouft region, Assedjrad
Escarpment.
13
S65-63978
S65-65013
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:58
160
**Algeria, Mali: Adrar des Iforas.
14
S65-63977
S65-65014
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:58
160
**Algeria, Mali: Adrar des Iforas.
15
S65-63976
S65-65015
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:58
160
**Niger: Northwest corner.
16
S65-63975
S65-65016
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:59
160
**Niger: Air ou Azbine.
17
S65-63974
S65-65017
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:59
160
**Niger; Air ou Azbine.
18
S65-63973
S65-65018
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:59
160
**Niger: Air ou Azbine.
19
S65-63972
S65-65019
190
Dec.
17, 1965
10:59
160
**Niger: Northwest of Lake Chad.
274
MAGAZINE 23 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
20
S65-63971
S65-65020
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:00
160
**Niger: Lake Chad.
21
S65-63970
S65-65021
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:00
160
*Niger, Cliad, Nigeria, Cameroon: Lake Chad.
22
S65-63969
S65-65022
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:00
160
Niger, Chad, Nigeria, Cameroon: Lake Chad.
23
S65-63968
S65-65023
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:00
160
Chad: East, central, partial frame.
24
S65-63967
S65-65024
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:01
160
Chad: East, central.
25
S65-63966
S65-65025
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:01
160
Chad: East, central.
26
S65-63965
S65-65026
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:01
160
Chad: East, central.
27
S65-63964
S65-65027
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:02
161
Chad: East, central.
25
S65-63963
S65-65028
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:02
161
Chad: East, central
29
S65-63962
S65-65029
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:02
161
Chad: Southeast.
30
S65-63961
S65-65030
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:02
161
Chad: Southeast.
31
S65-63960
S65-65031
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:03
161
Chad, Central African Republic.
32
S65-63959
S65-65032
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:03
161
Chad, Central African Republic, Sudan.
33
S65-63958
S65-65033
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:03
161
Central African Republic, Sudan: forest fires.
34
S65-63957
S65-65034
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:04
161
Central African Republic, Sudan: forest fires.
35
S65-63956
S65-65035
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:04
161
Central African Republic, Sudan: forest fires.
36
S65-63955
S65-65036
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:04
161
Central African Republic, Sudan: forest fires.
37
S65-63954
S65-65037
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:04
161
Central African Republic, Sudan, Republic of
the Congo: forest fires.
38
565-63953
S65-65038
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:05
161
Central African Republic, Sudan, Republic of
the Congo: forest fires.
39
S65-63952
S65-65039
190
Dec. 17, 1965
11:09
161
Somali Republic; Coastline south of Mogadishu.
40
S65-63951
S65-63950
S65-65040
S65-65041
Out of focus, overexposed.
41
192
Dec. 17, 1965
14:03
161
Cape Verde Islands: Brava, Fogo, Sao Tiago,
Maio, Boa Vista, Sal.
42
S65-63949
S65-65042
193
Dec. 17, 1965
15:27
160
**Bahama Bank area: Andros, Great Exuma
Islands, north coast of Cuba.
43
S65-63948
S65-65043
193
Dec. 17, 1965
15:27
160
**Bahama Bank area: Andros Island,
Tongue of the Ocean.
44
S65-63947
S65-65044
193
Dec. 17, 1965
15:27
160
**Bahama Bank area; Andros, Great Exuma,
Long Islands.
45
S65-63946
S65-65045
193
Dec. 17, 1965
15:27
160
**Cuba: Oriente Province.
46
S65-63945
S65-65046
193
Dec. 17, 1965
15:27
160
**Cuba: Las Villas, Camaguey, Oriente
Provinces.
47
S65-63944
S65-65047
193
Dec. 17, 1965
15:27
160
**Cuba; Oriente Province.
48
S65-63943
S65-65048
193
Dec. 17, 1965
15:28
160
**Cuba; Oriente Province, Guantanamo Bay.
49
S65-63942
S65-65049
**Clouds.
50
S65-63941
S65-65050
194
* *Clouds, west of Panama.
51
S65-63940
S65-65051
195
Dec. 17, 1965
18:41
161
Peru, Ecuador: Rio Napo, Rio Cururary.
52
S65-63939
S65-65052
195
Dec. 17, 1965
18:42
161
Peru, Brazil: Upper Amazon Basin.
53
S65-63938
S65-65053
195
Dec. 17, 1965
18:43
161
Brazil, Colombia; Upper Amazon Basin.
54
S65-63937
565-65054
195
Dec 17 1965
Brazil; Overexposed.
55
S65-63936
S65-65055
195
Dec 17 1965
Brazil: Matto Grosso, clouds.
56
u vy «y \J ^ J ^\J
S65-63935
S65-65056
195
Dec. 17, 1965
Brazil: Matto Grosso, clouds.
57
S65-63934
S65-650S7
195
Dec 17 1965
Brazil: Matto Grosso.
58
S65-63933
565-65058
195
Dec 17 1965
Brazil; Matto Grosso.
59
S65-63932
S65-65059
195
Dec. 17, 1965
18:51
163
Brazil; Coastline north of Vitoria, clouds.
60
S65-63931
S65-65060
195
Dec. 17, 1965
Clouds over Atlantic.
MAGAZINE
26
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
Blank.
2
S65-64050
S65-64051
45
45
Dec. 7, 1965
Dec. 7, 1965
19:21
19:21
130
129
Gulf coast: New Orleans, Baton Rouge, Mobile,
3
Gulfport;//ll, 1/250 sec.
Gulf coast; Mobile, Gulfport, Pensacola;
//ll, 1/250 sec.
275
MAGAZINE 26 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
.^rea description
4
5
6
S65-64052
S65-64053
S65-64054
S65-64055
S65-64056
S65-64057
S65-64058
S65-64059
S65-64060
S65~64061
S65-64062
S65-64063
S65-64064
S65-64065
S65-64066
S65-64067
S65-64068
565-64069
S65-64070
S65-64071
S65-64072
S65-64073
S65-64074
S65-64075
S65-64076
S65-64077
S65-64078
S65-64079
45
45
Dec. 7, 1965
Dec. 7, 1965
19:22
19:22
129
129
Gulf coast: Pensacola, Panama City, Montgomery,
Birmingham; Jill, 11250 sec.
Gulf coast: Apalachicola, Tallahassee; forest fires.
Gulf coast: Florida; underexposed, //1 6, 1/250 sec.
Florida, Georgia coast: Jacksonville; underexposed.
Florida: Jacksonville; highlights underexposed.
Brazil: Para and Maranhao States;
7
8
45
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
194
194
194
194
194
194
194
194
194
194
194
194
194
194
194
194
Dec. 7, 1965
Dec. 12, 1965
Dec. 12, 1965
Dec. 12, 1965
Dec. 12, 1965
Dec. 12, 1965
Dec. 12, 1965
Dec. 12, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
Dec. 17, 1965
19:22
19:51
19:51
19:51
129
160
160
160
9
10
Atlantic Ocean; no filter.
Brazil; Maranhao State Baia de Sao Luis'
11
no filter.
Brazil: Maranhao State, Baia de Sao Luis;
12
no filter.
Clouds along Brazil coast; underexposed.
Clouds along Brazil coast; underexposed.
Clouds along Brazil coast; underexposed.
13
14
15
19:54
160
16
Brazil: Amazon River; bad exposure,
trouble with film advance.
Brazil: Amazon and Purus Rivers; bad exposure,
trouble with film advance.
Overexposed.
Brazil: Maranhao State' clouds
17
18
19
20
17:11
17:11
17:12
17:12
17:12
17:13
17:13
17:13
17:13
17:13
17:13
17:15
161
161
161
161
161
161
162
162
162
162
162
161
Brazil: Maranhao State' clouds
21
Brazil: Afaranhao State Sao Luis;
22
Atlantic Ocean; clouds.
23
Atlantic Ocean, clouds.
Brazil: Paiui and Ceara States; clouds.
24
Brazil: Ceara State, south of Fortaleza; clouds.
25
26
Fortaleza; Atlantic coast; clouds.
Brazil: Ceara and Rio Grande do Norte States;
27
clouds.
28
Paraiba States, Natal; clouds.
Brazil' Rio Grande do Norte Paraiba and
29
Pernambuco States, Natal; clouds.
Brazil: Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte and
30
Paraiba States, Fortaleza; clouds.
31
Paraiba States, Natal; clouds.
Brazil: Atlantic coast mouth of
Sao Francisco River.
GEMINI VIII
MAGAZINE 20
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
?
S66-25771
S66-25752
3
Mar. 16, 1966
20:56
Earth limb with cloud layers in silhouette,
sunrise over Guam.
2
S66-25772
S66-25753
3
Mar. 16, 1966
21:05
Agena at approximately 1000 ft; overexposed;
near Midway Island.
3
S66-25773
S66-25754
■ 3
Mar. 16, 1966
21:05
Agena at approximately 1000 ft; overexposed;
near Midway Island.
4
S66-25774
S66-25755
3
Mar. 16, 1966
21:06
Agena at approximately 1000 ft; dark sky
background; near Midway Island.
276
MAGAZINE 20 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
5
S66-25775
S66-25756
3
Mar. 16, 1966
21:06
Agena at approximately 1000 ft; dark sky
background; near Midway Island.
6
S66-25776
S66-25757
3
Mar. 16, 1966
21:07
Agena at approximately 750 ft; dark sky
background; north of Hawaii.
7
S66-25777
S66-25758
3
Mar. 16, 1966
21:08
Agena at approximately 450 ft; dark sky
background; north of Hawaii.
8
S66-25778
866-25759
3
Mar. 16, 1966
21:09
Agena at 250 ft, motor end turned 45° toward
Gemini VIII; sky background; north of Hawaii.
9
S66-25779
S66-25760
3
Mar. 16, 1966
21:09
147
Agena at 210 ft; motor end turned 45° toward
Gemini VIII; sea, clouds, sky in background.
10
S66-25780
S66-25761
3
Mar. 16, 1966
21:10
147
Agena at 190 ft, motor end turned 45° toward
Gemini VIII; sea, clouds, sky in background.
11
S66-25781
S66-25762
3
Mar. 16, 1966
21:14
Agena at 55 ft, docking adapter end turned
partially toward Gemini VIII; clouds,
sky in background.
12
S66-25782
S66-25763
3
Mar. 16, 1966
21:21
Agena at 45 ft, side view of entire Agena;
good stereo with frame 13;
off west coast of Mexico.
13
S66-25783
S66-25764
3
Mar. 16, 1966
21:21
Agena at 44 ft, side view of entire Agena;
good stereo with frame 12;
off west coast of Mexico.
14
S66-25784
S66-25765
4
Mar. 16, 1966
21:38
Agena at 24 in. from nose of Gemini VIII,
docking adapter end and instrument panel of
Agena visible; over coast of Brazil near
Rio de Janeiro.
15
S66-25785
S66-25766
4
Mar. 16, 1966
21:57
Docking, instrument panel and L-band antenna
of Agena, slightly out of focus; over South Afirica.
16
S66-25786
S66-25767
4
Mar. 16, 1966
21:57
Agena instrument panel while docked; out of focus.
17
S66-25787
S66-25768
4
Mar. 16, 1966
22:21
Docked with Agena; clouds, sea, sky, solar
backlighting, near Philippine Islands.
18
S66-25788
S66-25769
4
Mar. 16, 1966
22:21
Docked with Agena; shadow side of Agena;
clouds, sea, sky, near Philippine Islands.
19
S66-25789
S66-25770
4
Mar. 16, 1966
Sunlight in lens, no photo.
1
GEMINI IX
MAGAZINE A
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-37906
S66-37806
1
June 3, 1966
15:11
130
Mexico: Torreon, Monterrey; looking over
cloudy Coahuila Basin to folded mountains of
Sierra Madre Oriental.
2
S66-37907
S66-37807
1
June 3, 1966
15:11
130
Mexico: Torreon, Monterrey; looking over cloudy
Coahuila Basin to folded mountains of
Sierra Madre Oriental.
3
S66-37908
S66-37808
1
June 3, 1966
15:11
130
Mexico: Coahuila, Nuevo Leon States; Serranias
del Burro, northern Sierra Madre Oriental.
4
366-37909
S66-37809
?
June 3, 7966
15: 14
129
Louisiana, gulf coast: Cameron to Mobile;
Mississippi River and delta; cloudy.
5
S66-379W
566-37810
1
June 3, 1966
15:15
128
Louisiana, Alabama, Florida: gulf coast, Grand Isle
to Apalachicola; Mississippi Delta, Mobile Bay.
6
S66-37911
S66-37811
3
June 3, 1966
18:27
ATDA, backlit, range 65 ft; sky background.
7
S66-37912
S66-37812
3
June 3, 1966
18:27
ATDA, backlit, range 65 ft; sky background.
8
S66-37913
S66-37813
3
June 3, 1966
18:27
ATDA, backlit, range 70 ft; sky background.
9
S66-37914
S66-37814
3
June 3, 1966
18:28
ATDA, backlit, range 65 ft; sky background.
10
S66-37915
S66-37815
3
June 3, 1966
18:29
ATDA, backlit, range 45 ft; sky background.
277
MAGAZINE A Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
11
S66-37916
S66-37816
3
June 3, 1966
18:29
ATDA, backlit, range 38 ft; sky background.
12
S66-37917
S66-37817
3
June 3, 1966
18:29
ATDA, side view, range 45 ft; off coast of
Honduras.
13
S66-37918
S66-37818
4
June 3, 1966
18:30
ATDA, back end view, range 75 ft;
sky background.
14
S66-37919
S66-37819
4
June 3, 1966
18:31
ATDA, side view, range 30 ft; sky background.
15
S66-37920
S66-37820
4
June 3, 1966
18:31
ATDA, side view, range 25 ft; sky background.
16
S66-37921
S66-37821
4
June 3, 1966
18:31
ATDA, side view, range 25 ft; sky background.
17
S66-37922
S66-37822
4
June 3, 1966
18:32
157
ATDA, side view, range 70 ft; Venezuela coast,
Isla Los Roques.
18
S66-37923
S66-37823
4
June 3, 1966
18:32
157
ATDA, side view, range 75 ft; Venezuela coast,
Isla Los Roques, Isla La Orchila.
19
S66-37924
S66-37824
4
June 3, 1966
18:32
157
ATDA, side view, range 85 ft; Venezuela coast,
Isla La Tortuga.
20
S66-37925
S66-37825
4
June 3, 1966
18:32
157
ATDA, side view, range 105 ft; Venezuela coast,
Isla La Tortuga.
21
S66-37926
S66-37826
4
June 3, 1966
18:32
157
ATDA, side view, range, 110 ft; Venezuela coast,
Isla La Tortuga, Peninsula de Araya.
22
S66-37927
S66-37827
4
June 3, 1966
18:33
157
ATDA, shroud, range 45 ft; Venezuelan jungles,
clouds in background.
23
S66-37928
S66-37828
4
June 3, 1966
18:33
157
ATDA, shroud, range 40 ft; Venezuelan jungles,
clouds in background.
24
S66-37929
S66-37829
4
June 3, 1966
19:13
Moon, full; ATDA, range approximately 750 ft.
25
S66-37930
S66-37830
4
June 3, 1966
19:13
Moon, full; ATDA, range approximately 750 ft.
26
S66-37931
S66-37831
4
June 3, 1966
19:13
Moon, full.
27
S66-37932
S66-37832
15
June 4, 1966
12:16
ATDA, fore side view, range 125 ft;
sky background.
28
S66-37933
S66-37833
15
June 4, 1966
12:16
ATDA, side view, range 140 ft; sky background.
29
S66-37934
S66~37834
15
June 4, 1966
12:16
ATDA, rear quarter view, range 140 ft;
sky background.
30
S66-37935
S66-37835
15
June 4, 1966
12:17
ATDA, side view, range 150 ft; sky background.
31
S66-37936
S66-37836
15
June 4, 1966
12:17
ATDA, nose view, range 150 ft; sky background.
32
S66-37937
S66-37837
15
June 4, 1966
12:17
ATDA, view of shroud, range 150 ft;
sky background.
33
S66-37938
S66-37838
15
June 4, 1966
12:17
ATDA, nose view, range 170 ft; sky background.
34
S66-37939
S66-37839
15
June 4, 1966
12:18
ATDA, rear and side view, range 150 ft;
sky background.
35
S66-37940
S66-37840
15
June 4, 1966
12:18
ATDA, side view, range 140 ft; sky background.
36
S66-37941
S66-37841
15
June 4, 1966
12:18
ATDA, side view, range 100 ft; sky background.
37
S66-37942
S66-37842
15
June 4, 1966
12:18
ATDA, side view, range 100 ft; sky background.
38
S66-37943
S66-37843
15
June 4, 1966
12:19
ATDA, forward quarter view, range 80 ft;
sky background.
39
S66-37944
S66-37844
15
June 4, 1966
12:19
ATD.\, side rear half view, range 135 ft;
sky background.
40
S66-37945
S66-37845
15
June 4, 1966
12:19
ATDA, side rear half view, range 130 ft;
sky background.
41
S66-37946
S66-37846
15
June 4, 1966
12:19
ATDA, side rear half view, range 145 ft;
sky background.
42
S66-37947
S66-37847
15
June 4, 1966
12:19
ATDA, side rear half view, range 120 ft;
sky background.
43
S66-37948
S66-37848
15
June 4, 1966
12:20
ATDA, side view, range 110 ft; sky background.
44
S66-37949
S66-37849
15
June 4, 1966
12:20
ATDA, side view, range 120 ft; sky-horizon-ocean.
45
S66-37950
S66-37850
15
June 4, 1966
12:20
ATDA, side view, range 80 ft; sky-horizon-ocean.
46
S66-37951
S66-37851
15
June 4, 1966
12:20
ATDA, fore quarter view, range 75 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
47
S66-37952
S66-37852
15
June 4, 1966
12:21
ATDA, side rear half view, range 65 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean .
278
MAGAZINE A Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No,
Area description
48
S66-37953
S66-37853
15
June 4, 1966
12:21
ATDA, side rear half view, range 55 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
49
S66-37954
S66-37854
15
June 4, 1966
12:21
ATDA, shroud side view, range 25 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
50
S66-37955
S66-37855
15
June 4, 1966
12:21
ATDA, shroud side view, range 25 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean .
51
S66-37956
S66-37856
15
June 4, 1966
12:21
ATDA, partial shroud and side view, range 25 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
52
S66-37957
S66-37857
15
June 4, 1966
12:22
ATDA, shroud side view, range 25 ft;
sky background.
53
S66-37958
S66-37858
15
June 4, 1966
12:22
ATDA, partial shroud view, range 22 ft;
sky background.
54
S66-37959
S66-37859
15
June 4, 1966
12:22
ATDA, shroud view, range 22 ft; sky background.
55
S66-37960
S66-37860
15
June 4, 1966
12:22
ATDA, partial shroud view, range 26 ft;
sky background.
56
S66-37961
S66-37861
15
June 4, 1966
12:22
ATDA, partial shroud view, range 28 ft;
sky background.
57
S66-37962
S66-37862
15
June 4, 1966
12:22
ATDA, partial longitudinal view, range 25 ft;
sky background.
58
S66-37963
S66-37863
15
June 4, 1966
12:23
ATDA, partial longitudinal view, range 27 ft;
ocean, clouds west of Africa.
59
S66-37964
S66-37864
15
June 4, 1966
12:23
ATDA, side rear half view, range 30 ft;
oceans, clouds west of Africa.
60
S66-37965
S66-37865
15
June 4, 1966
12:23
ATDA, side view, range 33 ft; ocean,
clouds west of Africa.
61
S66-37966
S66-37866
15
June 4, 1966
12:23
ATDA, side view, range 38 ft; ocean,
clouds west of Africa.
62
S66-37967
S66-37867
15
June 4, 1966
12:23
ATDA, rear quarter view, range 40 ft;
ocean, clouds west of Africa.
63
S66-37968
S66~37868
15
June 4, 1966
12:24
ATDA, rear view, range 44 ft; ocean,
clouds, Mauritania coastline.
64
S66-37969
S66-37869
15
June 4, 1966
12:24
ATDA, rear view, range 47 ft; ocean,
clouds, Mauritania coastline.
65
S66-37970
S66-37870
15
June 4, 1966
12:24
ATDA, rear quarter view, range 47 ft; ocean,
clouds, Mauritania coastline.
66
S66-37971
S66-37871
15
June 4, 1966
12:24
ATDA, side view, range 47 ft; ocean, clouds,
Mauritania coastline.
67
S66-37972
S66-37872
15
June 4, 1966
12:24
ATDA, side view, range 44 ft; ocean,
clouds, Mauritania coastline.
MAGAZINE
F
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
S66-38141
S66-38142
S66-38143
S66-38144
S66-38145
S66-38146
866-38 147
866-38148
S66-38149
S66-38150
866-38151
866-38089
866-38090
866-38091
866-38092
866-38093
866-38094
866-38095
S66-38096
S66-38097
866-38098
S66-38099
12
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
June 4, 1966
June 4, 1966
June 4, 1966
June 4, 1966
June 4, 1966
June 4, 1966
June 4, 1966
June 4, 1966
June 4, 1966
June 4, 1966
June 4, 1966
07:55
12:14
12:15
12:15
12:15
12:16
12:16
12:16
12:17
12:18
12:18
157
Iran, West Pakistan: Arabian Sea coast,
Makran Mountains.
ATDA, side view, range 125 ft; sky background.
ATDA, nose view, range 120 ft; sky background.
ATDA, side view, range 115 ft; sky background.
ATDA, end view, range 130 ft; sky background.
ATDA, side view, range 140 ft; sky background.
ATDA, side view, range 140 ft; sky-horizon-ocean.
ATDA, side view, range 75 ft; sky-horizon-ocean.
ATDA, side view, range 60 ft; sky-horizon-ocean.
ATDA, side view, range 50 ft; sky-horizon-ocean.
ATDA, side rear half view, range 37 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
279
MAGAZINE F Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
12
S66-38152
S66-38100
15
June 4, 1966
12:18
ATDA, side rear half view, range 37 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
13
S66-38153
S66-38101
15
June 4, 1966
12:19
ATDA, side view, range 30 ft; sky background,
image blurred.
14
S66-38154
S66-38102
15
June 4, 1966
12:19
ATDA, side view, range 27 ft; sky background.
15
S66-38155
S66-38103
15
June 4, 1966
12:20
ATDA, rear quarter view, range 27 ft;
sky background.
16
S66-38156
S66-38104
15
June 4, 1966
12:20
ATDA, rear quarter view, range 27 ft;
sky background.
17
S66-38157
S66-38105
15
June 4, 1966
12:20
ATDA, shroud view, range 24 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
18
S66-38158
S66-38106
15
June 4, 1966
12:20
ATDA, shroud view, range 22 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
19
S66-38159
S66-38107
15
June 4, 1966
12:21
ATDA, shroud view, range 23 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
20
S66-38160
S66-38108
15
June 4, 1966
12:21
ATDA, shroud view, range 24 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
21
S66-38161
S66-38109
15
June 4, 1966
12:21
ATDA, shroud view, range 25 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
22
S66-38162
866-38110
15
June 4, 1966
12:21
ATDA, shroud view, range 20 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
23
S66-38163
S66-38111
15
June 4, 1966
12:21
ATDA, shroud view, range 17 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
24
S66-38164
S66-38112
15
June 4, 1966
12:22
ATDA, shroud view, range 16 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
25
S66-38165
866-38113
15
June 4, 1966
12:22
ATDA, shroud view, range 21 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean; image blurred.
26
S66-38166
866-38114
15
June 4, 1966
12:22
ATDA, side view, range 33 ft; sky-horizon-ocean.
27
S66-38167
866-38115
15
June 4, 1966
12:22
ATDA, side view, range 36 ft; sky-horizon-ocean.
28
S66-38168
866-38116
15
June 4, 1966
12:23
ATDA, rear quarter view, range 37 ft;
sky-horizon-ocean.
29
S66-38169
866-38117
15
June 4, 1966
12:23
ATDA, rear quarter view, range 40 ft;
Mauritania coast in background.
30
S66-38170
866-38118
15
June 4, 1966
12:23
ATDA, rear quarter view, range 40 ft.;
Mauritania coast in background.
31
S66-38I71
866-38119
15
June 4, 1966
12:24
ATDA, rear quarter view, range 40 ft;
Mauritania coast in background.
32
S66-38172
866-38120
15
June 4, 1966
12:24
ATDA, side view, range 40 ft;
Mauritania coast in bakground.
33
S66-38173
866-38121
15
June 4, 1966
12:24
ATDA, side view, range 38 ft;
Mauritania coast in background.
34
S66-38174
866-38122
15
June 4, 1966
12:28
159
Mauritania, Mali; Aouker Basin, Irrigi Plain:
ATDA, partial view, range 60 ft.
35
S66-38175
866-38123
15
June 4, 1966
12:28
159
Mauritania, Mali: Aouker Basin, Irrigi Plain,
Niger River; ATDA, partial view, range 60 ft.
36
S66-38176
866-38124
15
June 4, 1966
12:28
159
Mauritania, Mali: Aouker Basin, Niger River,
Lake Faguibine; ATD.'^, nose view, range 60 ft.
37
S66-38177
866-38125
15
June 4, 1966
12:28
159
Mauritania, Mali: Niger River, Lake Faguibine;
ATDA, nose view, range 65 ft.
38
S66-38178
866-38126
15
June 4, 1966
12:29
159
Mauritania, Mali: Timbuktu; Niger River,
Lake Faguibine; ATD.'\, nose view, range 60 ft.
39
S66-38179
866-38127
15
June 4, 1966
12:29
159
Mauritania, Mali: Timbuktu; Niger River,
Lake Faguibine; ATDA, nose view, range 60 ft.
40
S66-38180
866-38128
15
June 4, 1966
12:29
159
Mali, Upper Volta: Timbuktu; false delta of
Niger River; ATDA, side view, range 60 ft.
41
S66-38181
866-38129
15
June 4, 1966
12:30
159
Mali, Upper Volta: Niger River;
ATDA, side view, range 60 ft.
280
MAGAZINE F Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
42
S66-38182
S66-38130
15
June 4, 1966
12:31
159
Mali, Upper Volta: Hombori Mountains;
ATDA, side view, range 65 ft.
43
S66-38183
S66-38131
15
June 4, 1966
12:31
159
Mali, Upper Volta, Niger: Hombori Mountains;
ATDA, side view, range 70 ft.
44
S66-38I84
S66-38132
15
June 4, 1966
12:31
159
Mali, Upper Volta, Niger: Niger River;
ATDA, rear view, range 75 ft.
45
S66-38185
S66-38133
15
June 4, 1 966
12:32
159
Upper Volta, Niger, Dahomey, Nigeria:
Niger River; ATDA, side view, range 75 ft.
46
S66-38186
S66-38134
15
June 4, 1966
12:32
159
Upper Volta, Niger, Dahomey, Nigeria:
Niger River; ATDA, side view, range 80 ft.
47
S66-38187
S66-38135
15
June 4, 1966
12:33
159
ATDA, side view, range 42 ft; sky background.
48
S66-38188
S66-38136
15
June 4, 1966
12:33
159
ATDA, side view, range 46 ft; sky background.
49
S66-3S189
S66-38137
15
June 4, 1966
17:01
159
Venezuela: Caribbean coast, islands of Aruba,
Curasao, Bonaire, Roques, Tortugas.
50
S66-38190
S66-38138
15
June 4, 1966
17:01
159
Venezuela: Caribbean coast, islands of Aruba,
Curasao, Bonaire, Roques, Tortugas, Margarita.
51
366-38791
S66-38139
15
June 4, 1966
17:08
158
Brazil: Atlantic coast, mouth of Amazon and
Para Rivers.
52
S66-38192
S66-38140
15
June 4, 1966
17:09
158
Brazil: Atlantic coast, Baia de Sao Marcos.
MAGAZINE
C
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-38263
S66-38193
19
June 4, 1966
19:18
155
Clouds over water.
2
S66-38264
S66-38194
19
June 4, 1966
19:18
155
Clouds over water.
3
S66-38265
866-38195
19
June 4, 1966
19:22
156
Clouds over water.
4
S66-38266
S66-38196
19
June 4, 1966
19:22
156
Clouds over water.
5
S66-38267
866-38197
19
June 4, 1966
20:01
159
Mexico: Pacific coast, Baja California,
Sonora, Sinaloa.
6
S66-38268
S66-38198
19
June 4, 1966
20:01
159
Mexico: Pacific coast, Baja California,,
Sonora, Sinaloa.
7
S66-38269
S66-38199
19
June 4, 1966
20:01
159
Mexico: Pacific coast near Mazatlan,
entire gulf coast.
8
S66-38270
S66-38200
19
June 4, 1966
20:02
159
Mexico, Central America: Istmo de
Tehuantepec, Yucatan.
9
S66-38271
S66-38201
19
June 4, 1966
20:11
158
Ecuador, Columbia, Peru: Andes, cloud-filled
upper Amazon Basin.
10
S66-38272
S66-38202
19
June 4, 1966
20:11
158
Ecuador: Guayaquil, beneath clouds;
Chimborazo (20 561 ft).
11
S66-38273
S66-38203
20
June 4, 1966
20:11
158
Ecuador, Peru: Gulf of Guayaquil, Andes, Pacific
coast south of Punta Negra.
12
S66-38274
S66-38204
20
June 4, 1966
20:50
156
Limb, sunrise.
13
866-38275
S66-38205
20
June 4, 1966
20:50
156
Limb, sunrise.
14
S66-38276
866-38206
20
June 4, 1966
21:22
159
Clouds over water.
15
866-38277
866-38207
20
June 4, 1966
21:43
159
Galapagos Islands: clouds over water.
16
S66-38278
866-38208
20
June 4, 1966
21:44
159
Galapagos Islands: clouds over water.
17
866-38279
866-38209
20
June 4, 1966
21:45
159
Galapagos Islands: clouds over water.
18
S66-38280
866-38210
20
June 4, 1966
21:47
159
Clouds over Pacific Ocean, east of Galapagos
Islands, cell structure.
19
S66-3S281
S66-38211
20
June 4, 1966
21:48
159
Peru: Pacific coast at Peninsula Paracas, Andes,
Amazon Basin; twilight.
20
S66-38282
866-38212
21
June 4, 1966
21:50
159
Peru: Andes; underexposed.
21
S66-38283
S66-38213
21
June 4, 1966
21:50
159
Peru, Bolivia: Lake Titicaca, sunlit Cordillera
Real peaks; twilight.
22
S66-38284
866-38214
21
June 4, 1966
21:51
159
Peru, Bolivia: Lake Titicaca, sunlit Cordillera
Real peaks; twilight.
281
MAGAZINE C Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
23
S66-38285
S66-38215
21
June 4, 1966
21:51
159
Peru, Bolivia: sunlit Illimani volcano (21 300 ft);
underexposed.
24
S66-38286
S66-38216
21
June 4, 1966
21:51
159
Peru, Bolivia: La Paz; Lake Titicaca, sunlit
Illimani volcano (21 300 ft); twilight.
25
S66-38287
S66-38217
21
June 4, 1966
21:55
160
At sunset, long shadows from cumulus buildups.
26
S66-38288
S66-38218
21
June 4, 1966
21:55
160
At sunset, long shadows from cumulus buildups.
27
S66-38289
S66-38219
21
June 4, 1966
22:19
160
Nearly full Moon.
28
S66-38290
S66-38220
34
June 5, 1966
20:15
146
Peru, Ecuador : Bay and Desert of Sechura,
Andes Mountains, Amazon Basin.
29
S66-38291
S66-38227
34
June 5, 1966
20:16
146
Peru, Ecuador: Bay and Desert of 8echura,
Andes Mountains.
30
S66-38292
S66-38222
34
June 5, 1966
20:16
146
Peru, Ecuador: Bay and Desert of Sechura,
,'\ndes Mountains.
31
S66-38293
S66-38223
34
June 5, 1966
20:16
146
Peru: Bay and Desert of Sechura,
.^ndes Mountains.
32
S66-38294
S66-38224
35
June 5, 1966
20:16
146
Peru: North coastal area, Chiclayo to Trujillo;
Andes Mountains.
33
S66-38295
S66-38225
35
June 5, 1966
20:17
146
Peru: North coastal area, Chiclayo to Trujillo;
Andes Mountains.
34
S66-38296
S66-38226
35
June 5, 1966
20:17
146
Peru: North coastal area, Chiclayo to Trujillo;
Andes Mountains.
35
S66-38297
S66-38227
35
June 5, 1966
20:17
146
Peru: North coastal area, Trujillo to Casma;
Andes Mountains.
36
866-38298
S66-38228
35
June 5, 1966
20:17
146
Peru: Central coastal area, Chimbole to Paramonga;
Andes Mountains, Cordillera Blanca, Huascaran
{22 205 J t.) — path oj disastrous avalanche of 1962
clearly visible.
37
S66-38299
S66-38229
35
June 5, 1966
20:18
146
Peru: Cerro de Pasco; Andes Mountains,
branches of Ucayali River.
35
S66-3S300
S66-38230
35
June 5, 1966
20:18
147
Peru: Coastline, Lima to Peninsula Paracas;
Andes Mountains, Lago de Jtinin.
39
S66-38301
S66-38231
35
June 5, 1966
20:18
147
Peru: Andes Mountains, Ucayali River,
LIpper Amazon Basin.
40
S66-38302
S66-38232
35
June 5, 1966
20:18
147
Peru: Eastern edge of Andes Mountains,
Ucayali River, Upper Amazon Basin.
41
S66-38303
S66-38233
35
June 5, 1966
20: 19
147
Peru: Cusco-Ayacucho area; Andes Mountains,
Rio Apurimac, Rio Urubamba.
42
S66-38304
S66-38234
35
June 5, 1966
20:19
147
Peru: Cusco-Ayacucho area: Andes Mountains,
Rio Apurimac, Rio Urubamba.
43
S66-38305
S66-38235
35
June 5, 1966
20:19
147
Peru: Cusco-Ayacucho area; Andes Mountains,
Rio Apurimac, Rio Urubamba, Nevado Ampato.
44
S66-38306
866-38236
35
June 5, 1966
20: 19
147
Peru: Cusco area; Andes Mountains,
Apurirnac-Urubamba-Aladre de Dios Rivers.
45
S66-38307
S66-38237
35
June 5, 1966
20:19
147
Peru, Chile: Arequipa, coastline from
Chala south; Andes Mountains, Volcan Misti.
46
S66-38308
S66-38238
35
June 5, 1966
20:19
147
Peru, Bolivia, Chile; Arequipa, coastline from
Mollendo south; Andes Mountains,
Volcan Misti.
47
S66-38309
S66-38239
35
Junes, 1966
20:20
148
Peru, Bolivia, Chile: Arequipa, Lake Titicaca,
Andes Mountains, salt basins, coastline.
48
S66-38310
S66-38240
35
June 5, 1966
20:20
148
Peru, Bolivia, Chile: Arequipa, Lake Titicaca,
Andes Mountains, salt basins, coastline.
49
S66-38311
S66-38241
35
June 5, 1966
20:20
148
Peru, Bolivia, Chile: La Paz; Lake Titicaca,
Andes Mountains, salt basins, coastline.
50
S66-3S312
866-38242
■ 35
June 5, 1966
20:20
148
Peru, Bolivia, Chile: La Paz; Lake Titicaca,
Andes Alountains, salt basins, coastline.
282
MAGAZINE C Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
51
866-38313
S66-38243
35
June 5
1966
20:20
148
Peru, Bolivia, Chile: La Paz; Lake Titicaca, Lake
Poopo, Salar de Uyuni, Andes Mountains.
52
S66-38314
S66-38244
35
June 5,
1966
20:21
148
Peru, Bolivia, Chile: La Paz; Lake Titicaca,
Lake Poopo, Salar de Uyuni, Andes Mountains.
53
S66-38315
S66-38245
35
June 5
1966
20:21
148
Bolivia, Chile, Argentina: Sucre; Lake Poopo,
Salar de Uyuni, Andes Mountains, Gran Chaco.
54
S66-38316
S66-38246
35
June 5,
1966
20:21
148
Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay: Sucre; Cordillera
Central, Cordillera Oriental, Gran Chaco,
Rio Grande.
55
S66-38317
S66-38247
35
June 5,
1966
20:21
148
Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay: Cordillera Oriental,
Gran Chaco, Rio Grande, Rio Parapeti.
56
S66-38318
S66-38248
35
June 5,
1966
20:22
149
Bolivia, Paraguay: Cordillera Oriental, Gran
Chaco, Rio Grande, Rio Parapeti, Serrania
de San Jose.
57
S66-38319
S66-38249
35
June 5,
1966
20:22
149
Boliva, Paraguay: Gran Chaco, Rio Parapeti,
Serra de San Jose, Serrania de Santiago.
58
S66-38320
S66-38250
35
June 5,
1966
20:22
149
Bolivia, Paraguay: Chaco Boreal, Serrania de
Santiago, Serrania de Sunsas.
59
S66-38321
S66-38251
35
June 5,
1966
20:22
149
Bolivia, Paraguay: Chaco Boreal,
Serrania de Santiago.
60
S66-38322
S66-38252
35
June 5,
June 5,
June 5,
1966
Blank.
61
S66-38323
S66-38253
35
1966
Light spot, probably Moon time exposure.
Earth terminator at sunset, South America.
62
S66-38324
S66-38254
35
1966
20:28
63
S66-38325
S66-38255
35
June 5,
1966
20:28
Earth terminator at sunset. South America.
64
S66-38326
S66-38256
35
June 5,
1966
20:28
Earth terminator at sunset. South America.
65
S66-38327
S66-38328
S66-38329
S66-38330
S66-38331
S66-38332
S66-38257
S66-38258
S66-38259
S66-38260
S66-38261
S66-38262
Cirriform clouds.
66
Cirriform clouds.
in
Cirriform clouds.
68
Cirriform clouds.
69
Blank.
70
Blank.
MAGAZINE
D
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-38031
S66-38032
S66-37973
S66-37974
Blank.
2
31
June 5,
1966
15:10
156
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; standing in
hatch over Pacific Ocean.
3
S66-38033
866-37975
31
June 5,
1966
15:11
156
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; standing in
hatch over Pacific Ocean.
4
S66-38034
S66-37976
31
June 5,
1966
15:12
157
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; clouds over
Pacific Ocean.
5
S66-38035
S66-37977
31
June 5,
1966
15:14
157
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; clouds over
Pacific Ocean.
6
866-38036
S66-37978
31
June 5,
1966
15:14
157
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; clouds over
Pacific Ocean.
7
S66-38037
S66-37979
31
June 5,
1966
15:15
157
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; clouds over
Pacific Ocean.
8
S66-38038
866-37980
31
June 5,
1966
15:16
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; California/
Arizona/Mexico: Baja California, Sonora.
9
S66-38039
S66-37981
31
June 5,
1966
15:16
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; California/
Arizona/Mexico: Baja California, Sonora.
10
S66-38040
S66-37982
31
June 5,
1966
15:16
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; California/
Arizona/Mexico: Baja California, Sonora.
11
S66-38041
S66-37983
31
June 5,
1966
15:16
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; California/
Arizona/Mexico: Baja California, Sonora.
283
MAGAZINE D Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
12
S66-38042
S66-37984
31
June 5, 1966
15:19
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; open hatch,
gear deployment.
13
S66-38043
S66-37985
31
Junes, 1966
1S:19
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; open hatch,
gear deployment; Arizona/New Mexico
background.
14
S66-38044
S66-37986
31
Junes, 1966
15:20
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; open hatch,
gear deployment; Arizona/New Mexico
background.
15
S66-38045
S66-37987
31
June 5, 1966
15:21
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; command pilot
side spacecraft; Arizona/New Mexico/Texas/
Mexico background.
16
S66-38046
S66-37988
31
Junes, 1966
1S:21
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; open hatch,
gear deployment; Mexico background.
17
S66-38047
S66-37989
31
June S, 1966
15:23
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; side of spacecraft.
18
S66-38048
S66-37990
31
June S, 1966
15:24
159
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; nose view
of spacecraft.
19
S66-38049
S66-37991
31
Junes, 1966
15:24
159
Comdr, Cernan's EVA camera; side view,
open hatch, umbilical cord.
20
S66-38050
S66-37992
31
June 5, 1966
15:25
159
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; side view of
Gemini IX.
21
S66-38051
S66-37993
32
June 5, 1966
15:28
159
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera;
view of Gemini IX.
22
S66-38052
S66-37994
32
June 5, 1966
15:29
159
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; umbilical cord,
sea background.
23
S66-38053
S66-37995
32
June 5, 1966
15:29
159
Comdr. Cernan's EV.\ camera; nose of Gemini IX
24
S66-38054
S66-37996
32
June 5, 1966
15:30
159
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; sea, umbilical
cord, hatch.
25
S66-38055
S66-37997
32
June 5, 1966
15:30
159
Comdr. Cernan's EV.'K camera; side of
Gemini IX adapter section.
26
S66-38056
S66-37998
32
Junes, 1966
15:31
159
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; out of focus.
27
S66-380'i7
S66-37999
32
June 5, 1966
Junes, 1966
June 5, 1966
June 5, 1966
June 5, 1966
June S, 1966
Blank.
28
OWVJ J 1 ^ J J
S66-38000
32
Blank.
29
S66-380S9
S66-38001
32
Blank.
30
S66-38060
S66~38002
32
Blank.
31
S66-38061
S66-38003
32
Comd. Cernan's EVA camera; out of focus.
32
S66-38062
S66-38004
32
16:40
156
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; adapter section.
33
S66-38063
S66-38005
32
Junes, 1966
16:49
157
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; nose of
Gemini IX, umbilical cord.
34
S66-38064
S66-38006
32
June 5, 1966
16:49
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; nose of
Gemini IX, umbilical cord.
35
S66-38065
S66-38007
32
June 5, 1966
16:50
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; nose of
Gemini IX, umbilical cord.
36
S66-38066
S66-38008
32
June S, 1966
16:50
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; nose of
Gemini IX, umbilical cord, California.
37
S66-38067
S66-38009
32
Junes, 1966
16:51
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; umbilical cord;
California, Los Angeles area.
38
S66-38068
S66-38010
32
June 5, 7966
16:53
158
Comdr. Cernan^s EVA camera; umbilical cord;
Cali/ornialArizonalSonora.
39
S66-38069
S66-38011
32
Junes, 1966
16:53
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; umbilical cord;
Arizona/New Mexico/Sonora.
40
S66-38070
S66-38012
32
June 5, 1966
16:54
158
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; nose of Gemini IX,
Baja CaliJorniajSonora.
41
S66-38071
S66-38013
33
June 5, 1966
17:12
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; underexposed.
42
S66-38072
S66-38014
33
June 5, 1966
17:12
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; underexposed.
43
S66-38073
S66-38015
33
June 5, 1966
17:13
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; underexposed.
44
S66-38074
S66-38016
33
June 5, 1966
17:13
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; underexposed.
45
S66-38075
S66-38017
33
June 5, 1966
17:13
Comdr. Cernan's EVA camera; underexposed.
284
MAGAZINE D Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Area
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
description
46
S66-38076
S66-38018
34
June 5,
1966
18:40
Inside Gemini IX, Lt.
Col. Stafford.
47
S66-38077
S66-38019
34
June 5,
1966
18:40
Inside Gemini IX, Lt.
Col. Stafford.
48
S66-38078
S66-38020
34
June 5,
1966
18:41
Inside Gemini IX, Lt.
image blurred.
Col. Stafford;
49
S66-38079
S66-38021
34
June 5,
1966
18:41
Inside Gemini IX, Lt.
image blurred.
Col. Stafford;
50
S66-38080
S66-38022
34
June 5,
1966
18:41
Inside Gemini IX, Lt.
Col. Stafford.
51
S66-38081
S66-38023
34
June 5,
1966
18:42
Inside Gemini IX, Lt.
image blurred.
Comdr. Cernan;
52
S66-38082
S66-38024
34
June 5,
1966
18:42
Inside Gemini IX, Lt.
image blurred.
Comdr. Cernan;
53
S66-38083
S66-38025
34
June 5,
1966
18:55
Inside Gemini IX, Lt
image blurred.
Comdr. Cernan;
54
S66-38084
S66-38026
34
June 5,
1966
18:55
Limb; sunset.
55
S66-38085
S66-38027
34
June 5,
1966
18:56
Limb; sunset.
56
S66-38086
S66-38028
34
June 5,
1966
18:56
Clouds; out of focus.
57
S66-38087
S66-38029
34
June 5,
1966
18:57
Clouds; out of focus
58
S66-38088
S66-38030
34
June 5,
1966
18:58
Red light streak.
MAGAZINE
G
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-38510
S66-38459
31
June 5, 1966
15:23
EVA, Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside; solar reflection
degrades photo.
2
S66-38511
S66-38460
31
June 5, 1966
15:24
EVA, Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside; solar reflection
degrades photo.
3
S66-38512
866-38461
31
June 5, 1966
15:24
EVA Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside; solar reflection
degrades photo.
4
S66-38513
866-38462
31
June 5, 1966
15:24
EVA, umbilical cord; out of focus, light reflection.
5
S66-38514
866-38463
31
June 5, 1966
15:24
EVA, partial view of Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside.
6
S66-38515
866-38464
31
June 5, 1966
15:25
EVA, partial view of Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside.
7
S66-38516
S66-38465
31
June 5, 1966
15:25
EVA, partial view of Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside,
image blurred.
8
S66-38517
866-38466
31
June 5, 1966
15:25
EVA, closeup of Lt. Comdr. Cernan outside,
out of focus.
9
S66-38518
866-38467
31
June 5, 1966
15:26
EVA, umbilical cord.
10
S66-38519
S66-38468
34
June 5, 1966
19:48
Limb, red-yellow-blue; focus not sharp.
11
S66-38520
866-38469
34
June 5, 1966
19:48
Limb, red-yellow-blue; focus not sharp.
12
866-38521
866-38470
34
June 5, 1966
19:49
Limb, red-yellow-blue; focus not sharp.
13
S66-38522
866-38471
34
June 5, 1966
20:16
146
Peru, Ecuador: Bay and Desert of Sechura,
Andes Mountains, Amazon Basin.
14
S66-38523
866-38472
34
June 5, 1966
20:16
146
Peru: Desert of Sechura, Andes Mountains,
Amazon Basin.
15
S66-38524
S66-38473
35
June 5, 1966
20:17
146
Peru: Andes Mountains, Rio Maranon,
east of Trujillo.
16
S66-38525
S66-38474
35
June 5, 1966
20:17
146
Peru: Andes Mountains, Rio Maranon,
Rio Huallaga, east of Trujillo.
17
S66-38526
866-38475
35
June 5, 1966
20:17
146
Peru: Andes Mountains, Rio Maranon,
Rio Huallaga, east of Trujillo.
18
S66-38527
866-38476
35
June 5, 1966
20:18
147
Peru: Andes Mountains, Amazon Basin,
Rio Ucayali.
19
S66-38528
S66-38477
35
June 5, 1966
20:18
147
Peru: Andes Mountains, Amazon Basin,
Rio Ucayali.
20
S66-38529
866-38478
35
June 5, 1966
20:19
147
Peru: Andes Mountains, Amazon Basin,
Rio Madre de Dios, Rio Urubamba.
21
S66-38530
866-38479
35
June 5, 1966
20:19
147
Peru, Bolivia: Andes Mountains, Lake Titicaca,
Rio Madre de Dios, Amazon Basin.
285
MAGAZINE G Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
22
S66-38531
S66-38480
35
June 5,
1966
20:20
147
Peru, Bolivia: Andes Mountains, Lake Titicaca,
Rio Madre de Dios, Amazon Basin.
23
S66-38532
S66-38481
35
June 5,
1966
20:20
148
Peru, Bolivia: Andes Mountains, Rio Madre de
Dios, Amazon Basin.
24
S66-38533
S66-38482
35
June 5,
1966
20:20
148
Peru, Bolivia: Andes Mountains, Lake Titicaca,
Lake Poopo, Salar de Uyuni, Rio Beni,
Amazon Basin.
25
S66-38534
S66-38483
35
June 5,
1966
20:20
148
Bolivia; Andes Mountains, Rio Beni,
Amazon Basin.
26
S66-38535
S66-38484
35
June 5,
1966
20:21
148
Bolivia: Eastern slope of Andes, Amazon Basin,
Rio Mamore, Rio Grande.
27
S66-38536
S66-38485
35
June 5,
1966
20:21
148
Bolivia: Amazon Basin, Rio Mamore, Rio Grande.
28
S66-38537
S66-38486
35
June 5,
1966
20:21
148
Bolivia: San Javier; Amazon Basin, Rio Grande.
29
S66-38538
S66-38487
35
June 5,
1966
20:22
149
Bolivia: San Javier; Amazon Basin.
30
S66-38539
S66-38488
35
June 5,
1966
20:22
149
Bolivia, Brazil: Serra Aguapei, Mato Grosso,
headwaters of Rio Paraguay.
31
S66-38540
S66-38489
35
June 5,
1966
20:23
149
Bolivia, Brazil: Serrana de Sunsas, Mato Grosso,
headwaters of Rio Paraguay at Lago Mandiore.
32
S66-38541
S66-38490
35
June 5,
1966
20:23
149
Bolivia, Brazil: Mato Grosso, Serra Azul,
headwaters of Rio Paraguay.
33
S66-38542
S66-38491
43
June 6,
1966
09:19
148
Canary Islands near horizon.
34
S66-38543
S66-38492
43
June 6,
1966
09:20
148
Canary Islands; image degraded because of window
obscuration.
35
S66-38544
S66-38493
43
June 6,
1966
09:20
148
Canary Islands; image degraded because of
window obscuration.
36
S66-38545
S66-38494
43
June 6,
1966
09:22
147
Spanish Sahara, Morocco: Hamada du Dra,
Tindouf Basin.
37
S66-38546
S66-38495
43
June 6,
1966
09:23
147
Spanish Sahara, Morocco, Mauritania, Algeria:
Tindouf Basin, Yetti Plains.
38
S66-38547
S66-38496
43
June 6,
1966
09:23
147
Spanish Sahara, Morocco, Mauritania, Algeria:
Hamada du Dra, Tindouf Basin.
39
S66-38548
S66-38497
43
June 6,
1966
09:23
147
Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Erg Chech; image degraded
because of window obscuration.
40
S66-38549
S66-38498
43
June 6,
1966
09:24
147
Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Erg Chech; image degraded
because of window obscuration.
41
S66-38550
S66-38499
43
June 6,
1966
09:25
146
Algeria: Grand Erg Oriental, Ajjer Plateau;
image degraded because of window obscuration.
42
S66-38551
S66-38500
43
June 6,
1966
09:26
146
Algeria, Libya: Ajjer Plateau, Marzuq Sand Plain.
43
S66-38552
S66-38501
43
June 6,
1966
09:27
146
Algeria, Libya: Ajjer Plateau, Marzuq Sand Plain.
44
S66-38553
S66-38502
43
June 6,
1966
09:28
145
Libya, Chad, Niger; Tibesti Mountains and
Gravel Desert.
45
S66-38554
S66-38503
43
June 6,
1966
09:29
145
Libya, Chad: Northern Tibesti Mountains; cloudy.
46
S66-38555
S66-38504
43
June 6,
1966
09:29
145
Libya: Northern Tibesti Mountains, Kufra Oasis,
Sarra Gravel Desert.
47
S66-38556
S66-38505
43
June 6,
1966
09:31
144
Sudan: Great Bend of Nile River, Ethiopia,
Red Sea, Saudi Arabia in background.
48
S66-38557
S66-38506
43
June 6,
1966
09:32
144
Sudan: Great Bend of Nile River, Ethiopia,
Red Sea, Saudi .'\rabia in background.
49
S66-38558
S66-38507
43
June 6,
1966
09:33
144
Sudan, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia: Red Sea.
50
S66-38559
S66-38508
43
June 6,
1966
09:34
144
Ethiopia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia: Danakil
Depression, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden.
51
S66-38560
S66-38509
43
June 6,
1966
09:35
144
Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic:
Gulf of Aden; partial frame.
286
MAGAZINE B
NASA/MSC
Color No.
S66-38396
S66-38397
S66-38398
S66-38399
S66-38400
S66-38401
S66-38402
S66-38403
S66-3S404
S66-38405
S66-38406
S66-38407
S66-38408
S66-38409
S66-38410
S66-38411
S66-38412
S66-38413
S66-38414
S66-38415
866^38416
S66-38417
S66-38418
S66-38419
S66-38420
S66-38421
S66-38422
S66-38423
S66-3S424
S66-38425
S66-38426
S66-38427
S66-38428
S66-38429
S66-38430
S66-38431
S66-38432
S66-38433
S66-38434
S66-38435
S66-38436
S66-38437
S66-38438
S66-38439
S66-38440
B&W No.
S66-38333
S66-38334
S66-38335
S66-38336
S66-38337
S66-38338
S66-38339
S66-38340
S66-38341
S66-38342
S66-38343
S66-38344
S66-38345
S66-38346
S66-38347
S66-38348
S66-38349
S66-38350
S66-38351
S66-38352
S66-38353
S66-38354
S66-3S355
S66-38356
S66-38357
S66-38358
S66-38359
S66-38360
S66-38361
S66-38362
S66-38363
S66-38364
S66-38365
S66-38366
S66-38367
S66-38368
S66-38369
S66-38370
S66-38371
S66-38372
S66-38373
S66-38374
S66-38375
S66-38376
S66-38377
Revolution
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
Date
June 6,
June 6,
June 6,
June 6,
June 6,
June 6,
June 6,
June 6,
June 6,
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
June 6, 1966
GMT
09:18
09:19
09:19
09:19
09:20
09:20
09:20
09:21
09:27
09:22
09:22
09:23
09:23
09:24
09:24
09:25
09:26
09:27
09:28
09:29
09:31
09:33
09:35
09:35
09:36
09:37
09:38
09:50
09:51
10:46
10:46
10:47
10:47
10:47
10:48
10:48
10:48
10:49
10:49
10:55
Alt,
N. Mi.
148
148
148
148
148
148
148
148
747
747
147
147
747
147
146
146
146
746
145
145
145
144
144
744
144
144
144
148
148
149
149
149
149
149
148
148
148
148
148
146
Area description
Blank.
Blank.
Blank.
Limb, blue.
Limb, blue.
Canary Islands.
Canary Islands.
Canary Islands.
Canary Islands, coast of Africa.
Canary Islands, coast of Africa.
Canary Islands, coast of Morocco and Spanish Sahara.
Canary Islands, coast of Morocco and
Spanish Sahara.
Canary Islands, coast of Morocco and
Spanish Sahara.
Fuerteventura Islands, coast of Morocco and
Spanish Sahara.
Morocco, Spanish Sahara, Mauritania, Algeria:
Hamada du Dra, Tindouf Basin, Yetti Plain.
Blank.
Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: South edge of
Tindouf Basin, Yetti Plain.
Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Erg Chech.
Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Erg Chech.
Algeria: Erg Chech, Tademait Plateau.
Algeria: Erg Chech, Tanezrouft area.
Algeria: Tademait Plateau, Ahellakane
Escarpment.
Algeria: Iraquene and Ahellakane Escarpments.
Algeria, Libya: Ajjer Plateau, Ahaggar Mountains.
Libya, Niger, Chad: Tibesti Mountains
and Gravel Desert.
Niger, Chad: Tibesti Mountains, volcanoes, lava.
Libya, Chad, Sudan: featureless desert.
Sudan: Great Bend of Nile River.
Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Yemen, South
Arabia: Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Danakil
Depression.
Ethiopia, Somali Republic: Berbera; Gulf of Aden.
Ethiopia, Somali Republic; Heavy cloud cover.
Somali Republic: Ras Azir, Ras Hafun,
Indian Ocean, Socotra Island,
Somali Republic: Ras Azir, Ras Hafun,
Indian Ocean, Socotra Island.
Clouds over water.
Clouds over water.
Clouds, underexposed.
Clouds, underexposed.
Clouds, near terminator.
Clouds, near terminator.
Clouds, near terminator.
Clouds, near terminator.
Clouds, near terminator.
Clouds.
Clouds.
Clouds.
Clouds.
287
MAGAZINE B Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
47
S66-38441
S66-38378
44
June 6, 1966
10:56
145
Canary Islands.
48
S6&-38442
S66-38379
44
June 6, 7966
70:57
745
Canary Islands.
49
S66-38443
S66-38380
44
June 6, 1966
11:04
144
Chad, Niger, Nigeria: Lake Chad,
inundated dunes.
50
S66-38444
S66-38381
44
June 6, 7966
77:05
744
Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroun: Lake Chad,
inundated dunes.
51
S66-38445
S66-38382
44
June 6, 7966
77:08
744
Central African Republic: cloudy.
52
S66-38446
S66-38383
44
June 6, 1966
11:09
144
Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo:
hazy.
Republic of the Congo, Uganda:
53
S66-38447
S66-38384
44
June 6, 1966
11:10
144
Lake Albert, Lake Edward; hazy.
54
S66-38448
S66-38385
44
June 6, 1966
11:11
144
Republic of the Congo, Uganda: Lake Albert,
Lake Edward, Lake Kyoga; hazy.
55
S66-38449
S66-38386
44
June 6, 1966
11:11
144
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda: Lake Victoria,
Kavirondo Gulf; hazy.
56
S66-38450
S66-38387
44
June 6, 1966
11:11
144
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda: Lake Victoria,
Kavirondo Gulf; hazy.
57
S66-38451
S66-38388
44
June 6, 1966
11:13
144
Kenya, Tanzania: Indian Ocean coast; hazy.
58
S66-38452
S66-38389
44
June 6, 1966
11:13
145
Kenya, Somali Republic: Indian Ocean coast; hazy.
59
S66-38453
S66-38390
44
June 6, 7966
77:74
745
Kenya, Somali Republic; Tanzania:
Indian Ocean coast; hazy.
60
S6&-38454
S66-38391
44
June 6, 7966
77:74
745
Somali Republic, Kenya: Indian Ocean coast; hazy.
61
S66-38455
S66-38392
44
June 6, 1966
11:15
145
Somali Republic, Kenya: Indian Ocean coast;
hazy.
Partial frame, Somali coast.
62
S66-38456
S66-38393
44
June 6, 1966
11:15
145
63
S66-38457
S66-38458
S66-38394
S66-38395
Blank.
64
Blank.
GEMINI
MAGAZINE
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Ah,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
Blank.
2
S66-46111
S66-46171
4
July 19, 1966
04:00
161
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 98 ft;
ocean, clouds.
3
S66-46112
S66-46172
4
July 19, 1966
04:00
161
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 98 ft;
ocean, clouds.
4
866-46113
S66-46173
4
July 19, 1966
04:01
161
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 85 ft;
ocean, clouds.
5
S66-46114
S66-46174
4
July 19, 1966
04:01
161
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 85 ft;
ocean, clouds.
6
S66-46115
S66-46175
4
July 19, 1966
04:02
161
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 65 ft;
ocean, clouds.
7
S66-46116
S66-46176
4
July 19, 1966
04:02
161
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 65 ft;
ocean, clouds.
8
S66-46117
S66-46177
4
July 19, 1966
04:03
161
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 62 ft;
ocean, clouds.
9
S66-46118
S66-46178
4
July 19, 1966
04:03
161
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 62 ft;
ocean, clouds.
10
S66-46119
S66-46179
4
July 19, 1966
04:03
161
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 52 ft;
ocean, clouds.
11
S66-46120
S66-46180
4
July 19, 1966
04:03
161
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 52 ft;
ocean, clouds.
12
S66-46121
S66-46181
4
July 19, 1966
04:03
161
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 46 ft;
ocean, clouds.
288
MAGAZINE 5 Continued
NASA/MSC 1
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
N. Mi.
13
S66-46122
S66-46182
4
July 19, 1966
04:04
161
14
S66-46123
S66-46183
4
July 19, 1966
04:04
161
15
S66-46124
S66-46184
4
July 19, 1966
04:04
162
16
S66-46125
566^6185
4
July 19, 1966
04:04
162
17
S66-46126
S66-46186
4
July 19, 1966
04:04
162
18
S66-46127
S66-46187
4
July 19, 1966
04:05
162
19
S66-46128
S66-46188
4
July 19, 1966
04:05
162
20
S66-46129
S66-46189
4
July 19, 1966
04:05
162
21
S66-46130
S66-46190
4
July 19, 1966
04:05
162
22
S66-46131
S66-46191
4
July 19, 1966
04:06
162
23
S66-46132
S66-46192
4
July 19, 1966
04:06
162
24
S66-46133
S66-46193
4
July 19, 1966
04:06
162
25
S66-46134
S66-46194
4
July 19, 1966
04:08
161
26
S66-46135
S66-46195
4
July 19, 1966
04:09
161
27
S66-46136
S66-46196
4
July 19, 1966
04:25
160
28
S66-46137
S66-46197
4
July 19, 1966
04:25
160
29
S66-46138
S66~46198
4
July 19, 1966
04:25
160
30
S66-46139
S66-46199
4
July 19, 1966
04:26
159
31
S66-46140
S66-46200
4
July 19, 1966
04:26
159
32
S66-46141
S66-46201
4
July 19, 1966
04:26
159
33
S66-46142
S66-46202
4
July 19, 1966
04:26
159
34
S66-46143
S66-46203
4
July 19, 1966
04:26
159
35
S66-46144
S66-46204
4
July 19, 1966
04:27
159
36
S66-46145
S66-46205
4
July 19, 1966
04:27
159
37
S66-46146
S66-46206
4
July 19, 1966
04:27
159
38
S66-46147
S66-46207
4
July 19, 1966
04:28
159
39
S66-46148
S66-46208
4
July 19, 1966
04:28
159
40
S66-46149
S66-46209
4
July 19, 1966
04:28
159
41
S66-46150
S66-46210
4
July 19, 1966
04:29
159
42
S66-46151
S66-46211
6
July 19, 1966
07:00
371
43
S66-46152
S66-46212
6
July 19, 1966
07:01
369
44
S66-46153
S66-46213
6
July 19, 1966
07:01
367
Area description
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 46 ft;
ocean, clouds.
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 51 ft;
ocean, clouds.
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 49 ft;
ocean, clouds.
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 51 ft;
ocean, clouds.
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 28 ft;
ocean, clouds.
Agena No. 5005, side view, range 27 ft;
ocean, clouds.
Agena No. 5005, docking adapter turning toward
spacecraft, range 24 ft; ocean, clouds.
Agena No. 5005, docking adapter turning toward
spacecraft, range 23 ft; ocean, clouds.
Agena No. 5005, docking adapter turning toward
spacecraft, range 23 ft; ocean, clouds.
Agena No. 5005, docking adapter turning toward
spacecraft, range 26 ft; ocean, clouds.
Agena No. 5005, docking adapter turning toward
spacecraft, range 25 ft; ocean, clouds.
Agena No. 5005, docking adapter turning toward
spacecraft, range 25 ft; ocean, clouds.
Blank.
Agena No. 5005, docked.
Agena No. 5005, docked.
Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display
panel clearly seen.
Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display
panel clearly seen.
Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display
panel clearly seen.
Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display
panel clearly seen.
Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display
panel clearly seen.
Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display
panel clearly seen.
Agena No. 5005, docked, .\gena display
panel clearly seen.
Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display
panel clearly seen.
Agena No. 5005, docked, Agena display
panel clearly seen.
Agena No. 5005, docked.
Agena No. 5005, docked.
Agena No. 5005, docked.
Agena No. 5005, docked.
Agena No. 5005, docked.
Small portion docked Agena No. 5005; Africa,
Arabia, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden.
Small portion docked Agena No. 5005 ; Africa,
Arabia, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden.
Small portion docked Agena No. 5005; Africa,
Arabia, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden.
289
MAGAZINE 5 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
45
S66-46154
S66-46214
6
July
19, 1966
07:01
365
Small portion docked Agena No. 5005; Africa,
Arabia, Red .Sea, Gulf of Aden.
46
Blank.
47
S66-46155
S66-46215
10
July
19, 1966
13;25
346
Window, mostly sky. Earth limb; off
west coast of Africa.
48
S66-46156
S66-46216
10
July
19, 1966
13:26
344
Window, mostly sky, Earth limb; off
west coast of Africa.
49
S66-46157
S66-46217
10
July
19, 1966
13:26
342
Window, mostly sky, Earth limb; off
west coast of Africa.
50
S66-46158
S66-46218
10
July
19, 1966
13:26
340
Window, mostly sky. Earth limb; off
west coast of Africa.
51
S66-46159
S66-46219
10
July
19, 1966
13:27
338
Window, mostly sky. Earth limb; off
west coast of Africa.
52
S66-46160
S66-46220
10
July
19, 1966
13:27
336
Window, mostly sky. Earth limb; off
west coast of Africa.
53
S66-46161
S66-46221
10
July
19, 1966
13:41
220
Window, mostly sky, Earth limb;
Mediterranean coast — Libya to Turkey.
54
S66-46162
S66-467??
10
July
19, 1966
13:42
216
Window, mostly sky. Earth limb;
Mediterranean coast — Libya to Turkey.
55
S66-46163
S66-46223
11
July
19, 1966
16:28
389
Window, mostly sky. Earth limb; Mexico
(Yucatan), Guatemala, British Honduras;
Gulf of Mexico.
56
S66-46164
S66-46224
11
July
19, 1966
16:29
388
Window, mostly sky. Earth limb; Mexico
(Yucatan), Guatemala, British Honduras;
Gulf of Mexico.
57
S66-46165
S66-46225
11
July
19, 1966
16:29
387
Window, mostly sky, Earth limb; Mexico
(Yucatan), Guatemala, British Honduras;
Gulf of Mexico,
58
S66-46166
S66-46226
Agena No. 5005, docked.
59
S66-46167
S66-46227
Agena No. 5005, docked.
60
S66-46168
S66-46228
Agena No. 5005, docked, L-band antenna only.
Agena No. 5005, docked; sky and horizon.
Agena No. 5005, docked; sky and horizon.
61
S66-46169
S66-46170
S66-46229
S66-46230
62
MAGAZINE
10
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-45651
866-45701
2
July 19, 1966
00:03
91
Clouds near terminator, sunlit tops.
2
S66-45652
866-45702
2
July 19, 1966
00:03
91
Clouds near terminator, sunlit tops.
3
S66-45653
S66-45703
2
July 19, 7966
07:08
737
Murilo Atoll, Pacific Ocean.
4
866-45654
866-45704
2
July 19, 1966
01:09
131
Clouds over Pacific Ocean, northeast of
Murilo Atoll.
5
S66-45655
S66-45705
2
July 19, 1966
01:22
178
Guadalupe Island (in hole in clouds); Baja
California, Gulf of California in background.
6
S66-J5656
S66-45706
2
July 79, 7966
07:23
778
Guadalupe Island (in hole in clouds); Baja
California, Gulf of Calijornia in background.
7
S66-45657
866-45707
2
July 19, 1966
01:23
178
Guadalupe Island (in hole in clouds) ; .Southern
California, Baja California area.
8
S66~45658
S6&'45708
2
July 79, 7966
07:23
778
California, Mexico: Los Angeles to Cabo Colnelt.
9
S66-45659
866-45709
5
July 19, 1966
05:27
160
Maldive Islands: Haddummati, Suvadiva Atolls.
10
866-45660
866-45710
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
Docked, partial view of Agena; sky-ocean-clouds.
Docked; sky-ocean-clouds.
11
866-45661
866-45711
12
S66-45662
866-45712
Docked; sky-ocean-clouds.
Docked; sky-ocean-clouds.
Docked; sky-ocean-clouds.
Docked; sky-ocean-clouds.
Docked; partial view of Agena; sky-ocean-clouds.
13
S66-45663
S66-45664
866-45665
S66-45713
866-45714
866-45715
14
15
16
866-45666
866-45716
290
MAGAZINE 10 Continued
NASA/MSC
Color No.
S66-45667
S66-45668
S66-45669
S66-45670
S66-45671
S66-45672
S66-45673
S66-45674
S66-45675
S66-45676
S66-45677
S66-45678
S66-45679
S66-45680
S66-45681
S66-45682
S66-45683
S66-45684
S66-45685
S66-45686
S66-45687
S66-45688
S66-45689
S66-45690
S66-45691
S66-45692
S66-45693
S66-45694
S66-45695
S66-45696
S66-45697
S66-45698
S66-45699
S66-45700
B&W No.
S66-45717
S66-45718
S66-45719
S66-45720
S66-45721
S66-45722
S66-45723
S66-45724
S66-45725
S66-45726
S66-45727
S66-45728
S66-45729
S66-45730
S66-45731
S66-45732
S66-45733
S66-45734
S66-45735
S66-45736
S66-45737
S66-45738
S66-45739
S66-45740
S66-45741
S66-43742
S66-45743
S66-45744
S66-45745
S66-45746
S66-45747
S66-45748
S66-45749
S66-45750
Revolution
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
72
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
Date
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
GMT
13:34
13:35
13:37
13:39
13:39
13:40
13:41
13:41
13:42
13:45
13:46
13:46
16:22
16:23
16:23
16:24
16:36
16:36
16:37
Alt,
N. Mi.
16:38
16:38
16:38
16:39
16:39
16:55
16:56
16:56
16:56
16:56
16:57
16:57
267
247
235
231
227
220
216
210
194
188
185
405
405
404
404
342
342
334
326
324
322
315
313
193
192
191
186
183
181
180
Area description
Docked; partial view of Agena; sky-ocean-clouds.
Docked; sky-ocean-clouds.
Docked; sky-ocean-clouds.
Mali, Mauritania: Upper Niger Basin.
Mali, Niger, Upper Volta: Timbuktu; Niger
River, Lake Faguibine.
Mali, Niger, Algeria: Iforas Mountains,
Niger Basin.
Mali, Niger, Algeria: Ahaggar Mountains,
Air ou Azbine.
Niger, Algeria: Ahaggar Mountains, Air ou
Azbine, northern Tenere.
Niger, Algeria, Libya, Chad: Air ou Azbine,
Tenere region.
Niger, Algeria Libya, Chad: Tibesti Mountains,
Tenere region.
Niger, Libya, Chad: Tibesti Mountains,
Bodele Basin.
Libya, United Arab Republic, Sudan: Great
Sand Sea, Jebel Uweinat.
United Arab Republic, Sudan, Saudi Arabia:
Eastern Desert, Foul Bay, Hejaz area. Red Sea.
United Arab Republic, Sudan, Saudi Arabia:
Eastern Desert, Foul Bay, Hejaz area. Red Sea.
United Arab Republic, Sudan, Saudi Arabia:
Hejaz Area, Red Sea.
Clouds over eastern Pacific; stereo with 33.
Clouds over eastern Pacific; stereo with 32.
Clouds over eastern Pacific; stereo with 35.
Clouds over eastern Pacific; stereo with 34.
Mexico, Central America; Yucatan,
Gulf of Mexico.
Mexico, Central America: Yucatan,
Gulf of Mexico.
Mexico, Cuba, Florida: Tucatan Channel,
Gulf oj Mexico, Caribbean Sea.
Cuba, Florida: Straits of Florida, Gulf
of Mexico.
Cuba, Florida: Straits of Florida, Gulf of Mexico.
Cuba: Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea;
Yucatan in background.
Hurricane Celia; Cuba, Florida in background.
Hurricane Celia; Cuba, Florida in background.
Morocco: Straits of Gibraltar, Spain,
Portugal in background.
Morocco: Straits of Gibraltar, Spain,
Portugal in background.
Morocco: Straits of Gibraltar, Spain,
Portugal in background.
Morocco, Algeria: Straits of Gibraltar,
Spain, Portugal in background.
Morocco, Algeria: Straits of Gibraltar,
Spain in background.
Morocco, Algeria: Straits of Gibraltar,
Spain in background.
Morocco, Algeria: Straits of Gibraltar,
Spain in background.
291
MAGAZINE 28
Frame
NASA/MSC
Color No.
B&W No.
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Area description
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
.S66-46231
S66-46232
S66-46233
S66-46234
S66-46235
.S66-46236
S66-46237
S66-46238
S66-46239
.S66-46240
S66-46241
S66-46242
S66-46243
S66-46244
.S66-46245
S66-46246
S66-46247
S66-46248
S66-46249
,S66-46250
S66-46251
S66-46252
.S66-46253
.S66-46288
S66-46289
S66-46290
S66-46291
S66-46292
S66-46293
S66-46294
S66-46295
S66-46296
S66-46297
S66-46298
S66-46299
S66-46300
S66-46301
S66-46302
S66-46303
S66-46304
S66-46305
S66-46306
S66-46307
,S66-46308
S66-46309
.S66-46310
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
16:54
16:54
16:55
16:55
16:56
16:56
16:57
16:57
17:00
17:01
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
17:48
17:48
17:48
17:49
17:49
17:49
17:49
205
202
199
196
193
189
186
184
171
169
Blank.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; looking toward
.Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Straits of Gibraltar.
Docked with .'\gena No, 5005; looking toward
Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Straits of Gibraltar.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; looking toward
Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Straits of Gibraltar.
Docked with Agena No. 5005, Agena No. 5003
in distance; Spain, Portugal, Morocco,
.Straits of Gibraltar.
Docked with Agena No. 5005, Agena No. 5003
in distance; .Spain, Portugal, Morocco,
Straits of Gibraltar.
Docked with Agena No. 5005, .^gena No. 5003
in distance; Algeria, Mediterranean Sea.
Docked with Agena No. 5005, Agena No. 5003
in distance; Algeria, Mediterranean Sea.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; Algeria,
Mediterranean Sea.
Docked with Agena No. 5005, .Agena No. 5003
in distance; Tunisia, Libya, Mediterranean Sea.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; Libya,
Mediterranean .Sea.
Docked with Agena No. 5005 ; Spacecraft
window showing debris on glass.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; spacecraft
window showing debris on glass.
Docked with .Agena No. 5005; spacecraft
window showing debris on glass.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; spacecraft
window showing debris on glass.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; limb near
terminator.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; underexposed.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; excellent view of
.Agena display panel and L-band antenna.
Blank.
Blank.
Blank.
Blank.
Blank.
Blank.
Blank.
Blank.
Green lights on display panel of .Agena No. 5005.
Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of
.Agena display panel and L-band antenna.
Docked to .Agena No. 5005; excellent view of
Agena display panel, glow from Agena PPS.
Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of
Agena display panel.
Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of
Agena display panel.
Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of
Agena display panel.
Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of
.Agena display panel.
292
MAGAZINE 28 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
34
S66-46254
566-46311
12
July 19, 1966
17:49
Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of
Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel.
35
S66-46255
S66-46312
12
July 19, 1966
17:50
Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent vievir of
Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel.
36
S66-46256
S66-46313
12
July 19, 1966
17:50
Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; excellent view of
Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel.
37
S66-46257
S66-46314
12
July 19, 1966
17:50
Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of
Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel.
38
S66-46258
S66-463I5
12
July 19, 1966
17:50
Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; excellent view of
Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel.
39
S66-46259
S66-46316
12
July 19, 1966
17:50
Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; excellent view of
Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel.
40
S66-46260
S66-46317
12
July 19, 1966
17:50
Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of
Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel.
41
S66-46261
S66-46318
12
July 19, 1966
17:51
Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; excellent view of
Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel.
42
S66-46262
S66-46319
12
July 19, 1966
17:51
Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of
Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel.
43
S66-46263
S66-46320
12
July 19, 1966
17:51
Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of
Agena display panel, particles of Agena fuel.
44
S66-46264
S66-46321
12
July 19, 1966
17:51
Docked to Agena No. 5005; underexposed.
45
S66-46265
S66-46322
12
July 19, 1966
17:52
Docked to Agena No. 5005; underexposed.
46
S66-46266
S66-46323
12
July 19, 1966
18:00
Inside Gemini X, Comdr. J. W. Young;
underexposed.
47
S66-46267
S66-46324
12
July 19, 1966
18:01
Inside Gemini X, Comdr. J. W. Young;
underexposed.
48
S66-46268
S66-46325
12
July 19, 1966
18
01
Inside Gemini X, Maj. M. Collins.
49
S66-46269
S66-46326
12
July 19, 1966
18
02
Inside Gemini X, Maj. M. Collins.
50
S66-46270
S66-46327
12
July 19, 1966
18
02
Inside Gemini X, Comdr. J. W. Young.
51
S66-46271
S66-46328
12
July 19, 1966
18
03
Inside Gemini X, underexposed.
52
S66-46272
S66-46329
12
July 19, 1966
18
03
Inside Gemini X, Maj. M. Collins.
53
S66-46273
S66-46330
12
July 19, 1966
18
03
Skin of Gemini X, sharp focus.
54
S66-46274
S66-46331
12
July 19, 1966
18
04
Skin of Gemini X, sharp focus.
55
S66-46275
S66-46332
12
July 19, 1966
18
04
Skin of Gemini X, sharp focus.
56
S66-46276
S66-46333
Docked to Agena No. 5005; underexposed, out
of focus.
57
S66-46277
S66-46334
Docked to Agena No. 5005; excellent view of
Agena display panel.
58
S66-46278
S66-46335
14
July 19, 1966
20:20
168
Docked to Agena No. 5005; clouds over water.
59
S66-46279
S66-46336
14
July 19, 1966
20:20
168
Docked to Agena No. 5005; clouds over water.
60
S66-46280
S66-46337
14
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
Blank.
61
S66-46281
S66-46338
14
20:06
159
Docked to Agena No. 5005; west coast of Africa
in background.
62
S66-46282
S66-46339
14
July 19, 1966
20:06
159
Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; west coast of Africa
in background.
63
S66-46283
S66-46340
14
July 19, 1966
20:07
159
Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; west coast of Africa
in background.
64
S66-46284
S66-46341
14
July 19, 1966
20:08
159
Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; west coast of Africa
in background.
65
S66-46285
S66-46342
14
July 19, 1966
20:09
159
Docked to Agena No. 5005; Atlantic coast,
Mauritania, Spanish Sahara, Algeria.
66
S66-46286
S66-46343
14
July 19, 1966
20:11
159
Docked to Agena No. 5005 ; Atlantic coast,
Mauritania, Spanish Sahara, Algeria.
67
S66-46287
S66-46344
14
July 19, 1966
20:11
159
Docked to Agena No. 5005; Atlantic coast
Mauritania, Spanish Sahara, Algeria.
68
S66-46288
S66-46345
14
July 19, 1966
20:12
159
Docked to Agena No. 5005; Atlantic coast,
Mauritania, Spanish Sahara, Algeria.
293
MAGAZINE
13
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-46017
S66-46064
Color patch, exposed in laboratory.
Color patch, exposed in laboratory.
2
S66-46018
S66-46065
3
S66-46019
S66-46066
Color patch, exposed in laboratory.
4
S66-46020
566^6067
Color patch, exposed in laboratory.
Color patch, exposed in laboratory.
Color patch, exposed in laboratory.
Color patch, exposed during EVA, in its own
5
S66-46021
S66-46068
(3
S66-46022
S66-46069
7
S66-46023
S66-46070
14
July 19, 1966
21:49
shadow ;//8, 1/250 sec.
8
S66-46024
S66-46071
14
July 19, 1966
21:50
Color patch, exposed during EVA;//8, 1/250 sec.
9
S66-46025
S66-46072
14
July 19, 1966
21:50
Color patch, exposed during EVA;//8, 1/250 sec.
10
S66-46026
S66-46073
14
July 19, 1966
21:50
Color patch, exposed during EVA;//8, 1/250 sec.
11
S66-46027
S66-46028
,S66-46074
S66-46075
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 19, 1966
July 20, 1966
Out of focus.
12
Out of focus.
13
S66-46029
S66-46076
Ocean, clouds.
14
S66-46030
S66-46077
18
02:28
210
Peru, Brazil; Amazon Basin, Ucayali River,
Andes with Huascaran Volcano (22 205 ft)
in background.
15
S66-46031
S66-46078
18
July 20, 1966
02:28
210
Peru, Brazil: Amazon Basin, Ucayali River,
Andes with Huascaran Volcano (22 205 ft)
in background.
16
S66-46032
S66~46079
18
July 20, 1966
02:29
210
Peru, Brazil: Amazon Basin, Ucayali River,
Andes with Huascaran Volcano. (22 205 ft)
in background.
17
S66-46033
S66-46080
18
July 20, 1966
02:29
210
Peru, Brazil: Amazon Basin, Ucayali River,
Andes with Huascaran Volcano. (22 205 ft)
in background.
18
S66-46034
S66-46081
25
July 20, 1966
15:36
206
Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama: Pacific Ocean
foreground, Caribbean Sea background.
19
S66-46035
S66-46082
25
July 20, 1966
15:36
206
Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panana; Pacific Ocean
foreground, Caribbean Sea background.
20
S66-46036
S66-46083
25
July 20, 1966
15:36
206
Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama: Pacific Ocean
foreground, Caribbean Sea background,
stereo with No. 21.
21
S66-46037
S66-46084
25
July 20, 1966
15:36
206
Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama: Pacific Ocean
foreground, Caribbean Sea background,
stereo with No. 20.
22
S66-46038
S66-46085
26
July 20, 1966
15:51
208
Vortex clouds over ocean, Canary Island area.
23
S66-46039
S66-46086
26
July 20, 1966
15:52
208
Vortex clouds over ocean, Canary Island area.
24
S66-46040
S66-46087
26
July 20, 1966
15:52
208
Vortex clouds over ocean, Canary Island area.
25
S66-46041
S66-46088
26
July 20, 1966
15:54
208
Vortex clouds near Straits of Gibraltar; Spain,
Portugal in background, Morocco on right.
26
S66-46042
S66-46089
26
July 20, 1966
15:54
208
Vortex clouds near Straits of Gibraltar; Spain,
Portugal in background, Morocco on right.
27
S66-46043
S66-46090
26
July 20, 1966
15:54
208
Vortex clouds near Straits of Gibraltar; Spain,
Portugal in background, Morocco on right.
2S
S6&~46044
S66-46091
26
July 20, 1966
15:54
208
Vortex clouds near Straits oj Gibraltar; Spain,
Portugal in background, Morocco on right.
29
S66-46045
S66-46092
39
July 21, 1966
12:55
199
Brazil: Amazonas State; cloud-covered
.Amazon Basin.
30
S66-46046
S66-46093
39
July 21, 1966
12:55
199
Brazil: .Amazonas State; cloud-covered
Amazon Basin.
31
S66~46047
S66-46094
39
July 21, 1966
12:56
198
Brazil: Amazonas State; cloud-covered Amazon Basin.
32
S66-46048
S66-46095
39
July 21, 1966
12:56
198
Brazil: Amazonas State; cloud-covered
Amazon Basin.
33
S66-46049
S66-46096
39
July 21, 1966
12:56
196
Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela: Rio Branco,
Serra Pacaraima.
294
MAGAZINE 13 Continued
NASA/MS C
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
34
5'(5(5-'?6050
S66-46097
39
July 27, 7966
72:56
796
Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela: Rio Branco,
Sena Pacaraima.
35
S66-46057
S66-46098
39
July 27, 7966
72:57
796
Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela: La Gran Sabana,
Orinoco Basin.
36
S66-46052
S66-46099
39
July 27, 7966
72:57
796
Guyana, Venezuela: Orinoco, Essequibo Rivers,
La Gran Sabana.
37
S66-46053
S66-46100
39
July 21, 1966
12:57
196
Guyana, Venezuela: Orinoco, Essequibo Rivers,
La Gran Sabana.
38
S66-46054
$66-46707
39
July 27, 7966
72:57
796
Surinam, Guyana, Venezuela: Orinoco,
Essequibo Rivers.
39
S66-46055
S66-46102
39
July 21, 1966
12:58
195
Surinam, Guyana: Paramaribo; Atlantic coast.
40
566-46056
866-46703
39
Jufy27, 7966
72:58
794
Surinam, Guyana: Paramaribo; Atlantic coast.
41
S66-46057
S66-46104
39
July 21, 1966
12:58
194
Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana; Paramaribo,
Georgetown; Atlantic coast.
42
S66-46058
S66-46105
39
July 21, 1966
12:58
193
Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana: Paramaribo,
Atlantic coast.
43
S66-46059
S66-46106
39
July 21, 1966
12:58
193
Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana: Atlantic coast.
44
S66-46060
S66-46107
39
July 21, 1966
13:07
178
Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Port Etienne;
Cap Blanc, Dhar Adrar.
45
S66-46061
S66-46108
39
July 21, 1966
13:07
178
Spanish Sahara, Mauritania: Villa Cisneros;
Erg Iguidi, Tindouf Basin.
46
S66-46062
S66-46109
39
July 21, 1966
13:09
174
Spanish Sahara, Mauritania, Morocco,
Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Tindouf Basin.
47
S66-46063
S66-46770
39
July 27, 7966
73:77
777
Spanisfi Sahara, Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria:
Erg Iguidi, Tindouf Basin, Hamada du Dra,
Anti-Atlas Mountains.
MAGAZINE
14
NASA/MSC.
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
N. Mi.
Area description
1
Blank.
2
Blank,
3
L-band antenna of Agena No. 5005;
4
underexposed.
Blank.
5
Blank.
6
Blank.
7
S66-45751
S66-45752
S66-45753
S66-45754
S66-45755
S66-45756
S66-45757
S66-45758
S66-45759
S66-45760
S66-45794
S66-45795
S66-45796
S66-45797
S66-45798
S66-45799
S66-45800
S66-45801
S66-45802
S66-45803
Docked with .Agena No. 5005; clouds, ocean;
8
slightly overexposed.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; clouds, ocean;
9
slightly overexposed.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; clouds, ocean;
10
slightly overexposed.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; clouds, ocean;
11
slightly overexposed.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; clouds, ocean;
12
slightly overexposed.
Docked with Agena No. 5005; clouds, ocean;
13
slightly overexposed.
Docked with Agena No. 5005, clear view of
14
docking adapter.
Docked with Agena No. 5005, clear view of
15
docking adapter.
Docked with Agena No, 5005, clear view of
16
28
July 20, 1966
20:20
207
docking adapter.
Clouds, overexposed.
295
MAGAZINE U Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
17
S66-45761
S66-45804
28
July 20, 1966
20:24
208
Mexico, Texas: Tamaulipas, gulf coast;
overexposed.
IS
S66-45762
S66-45805
28
July 20, 1966
20:24
208
Mexico, Texas: Torreon; Coahuila Bastn, Serrania
del Burro, Rio Grande, gulf coast.
19
S66-45763
S66-45806
28
July 20, 1966
20:25
208
Mexico, Texas: Coahuila; .Sierra Madre Oriental,
Sierra de los Alamitos, Don Martin Reservoir.
20
5'6<5-45764
S66-45807
28
July 20, 1966
20:27
208
Mexico, Texas: Gulf coast from Corpus Christi Bay
to Boca San Rafael.
21
S66-45765
S66-45808
28
July 20, 1966
20:27
208
Texas: Gulf coast, Matagordo Bay, mouth
of Colorado River.
22
S66-45766
S66-45809
28
July 20, 1966
20:28
208
Texas, Louisiana: Gulf coast from Freeport
to Vermilion Bay.
23
S66-45767
S66-45810
28
July 20, 1966
20:28
209
Clouds over Gulf of Mexico.
24
S66-45768
S66-45811
31
July 21, 1966
00:55
Umbilical cord bag discarded; ocean, clouds.
25
S66-45769
S66-45812
31
July 21, 1966
00:55
Umbilical cord bag discarded; ocean, clouds.
26
S66-45770
S66-45813
31
July 21, 1966
00:57
215
Clouds over ocean, door open.
27
S66-45771
.S66-45814
31
July 21, 1966
00:58
Discarded debris, chest pack.
28
S66-45772
S66-45815
31
July 21, 1966
00:59
Open hatch, out of focus.
29
S66-45773
S66-45816
31
July 21, 1966
00:59
Open hatch, out of focus.
30
S66-45774
S66-45817
31
July 21, 1966
01:20
214
Clouds, ocean; Agena No. 5005 in distance.
31
S66-45775
S66-45818
31
July 21, 1966
01:20
214
Clouds, ocean.
32
S66-45776
S66-45819
31
July 21, 1966
01:20
214
Clouds, ocean.
33
S66-45777
S66-45820
31
July 21, 1966
01:20
214
Clouds, ocean.
34
S66-45778
.S66-45821
31
July 21, 1966
01:21
214
Clouds, ocean; Agena No. 5005 in distance.
35
S66-45779
.S66-45822
31
July 21, 1966
01:21
214
Clouds, ocean; Agena No. 5005 in distance.
36
S66-45780
S66-45823
31
July 21, 1966
01:21
214
Clouds, ocean; .Agena No. 5005 in distance.
37
S66-45781
S66-45824
31
July 21, 1966
01:21
214
Docking bar against sky.
38
S66-45782
S6&-45825
32
July 21, 1966
02:14
200
Indonesia: Sumatra, Simeulue, Nias Islands.
39
S66-45783
S66-45826
32
July 21, 1966
02:15
200
Indonesia: Sumatra, Simeulue Islands.
40
S66-45784
S66-45827
32
July 21, 1966
02:15
200
Indonesia: Sumatra, Nias, Batu Islands,
Mentawai Archipelago.
41
S6&-45785
S66-45828
32
July 21, 1966
02: 15
199
Indonesia: Sumatra (Padang), .Mentawai Archipelago.
42
S66-45786
S66-45829
32
July 21, 1966
02:15
199
Indonesia: Nias Island, Mentawai .Archipelago.
43
S66-45787
S66-45830
32
July 21, 1966
02: 16
198
Indonesia: Sumatra, .Mentawai Archipelago.
44
S66-45788
.S66-45831
32
July 21, 1966
02:16
198
Indonesia: Sumatra, Nias Island, Mentawai
Archipelago.
45
S66-45789
S66-45832
32
July 21, 1966
02:16
197
Indonesia: Sumatra (Padang), Mentawai
Archipelago.
46
S66-45790
S66-45833
32
July 21, 1966
02:16
197
Indonesia: Sumatra, Mentawai Archipelago.
47
S6&'45791
S66-45834
32
July 21, 1966
02: 17
196
Indonesia, Malaysia: Sumatra, Malaya (.Malacca):
Strait of Malacca.
48
S66-45792
S66-45835
32
July 21, 1966
02:18
195
Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur; Strait of Malacca;
southernmost Thailand beneath clouds in
background.
49
S66-45793
S66-45836
32
July 21, 1966
02:18
193
Anambas Islands, South China .Sea.
296
MAGAZINE 11
NASA
/MSC.
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
N. Mi.
1
2
S(i(i-4'i837
S66-45883
32
July 21, 1966
July 21, 1966
July 21, 1966
July 21, 1966
July 27, 1966
3
S66-45838
S66-45884
32
4
S66-45839
S66-45885
32
5
S66-45840
S66-45886
32
6
S6&-45841
S66-45S87
32
02:38
161
1
S66-45842
S66-45888
32
July 21, 1966
02:39
161
8
S66-45843
S66-45889
32
July 21, 1966
02:39
161
P
S6&-45S44
S66-45890
32
July 21, 7966
02:39
161
10
S66-45845
S66-45891
32
July 21, 1966
02:39
161
11
S66-45846
S66-45892
33
July 21, 1966
03:44
202
12
S66-45847
S66-45893
33
July 21, 1966
03:46
201
13
S66-45848
S66-45894
33
July 21, 1966
03:47
200
14
S66-45849
S66-45895
ii
July 21, 1966
03:47
200
15
S66-45850
S66-45896
33
July 21, 1966
03:47
198
16
366-43851
S66-45897
33
July 21, 1966
03:48
198
17
S66-45852
S66-45898
33
July 21, 1966
03:48
196
18
S66-45853
S66-45899
33
July 21, 1966
03:49
196
19
S66-45854
S66-45900
33
July 21, 1966
03:49
195
20
S66-45855
S66-45901
33
July 21, 1966
03:49
195
21
S66-45856
S66-45902
33
July 21, 1966
03:49
193
22
S66-45857
S66-45903
33
July 21, 1966
03:50
192
23
S66-45858
S66-45904
33
July 21, 1966
03:50
191
24
S66-45859
S66-45905
33
July 21, 1966
03:51
190
25
S66-45S60
S66-45906
33
July 21, 1966
03:57
178
26
S66-45861
S66-45907
33
July 21, 1966
03:57
178
27
S66-45862
S66-45908
33
July 21, 1966
03:57
177
28
S66-45863
S66-45909
33
July 21, 1966
03:58
177
29
S66-45864
S66-45910
33
July 21, 1966
03:58
177
30
S66-45865
S66-45911
33
July 21, 1966
03:58
176
J7
S66~45866
S66-45912
33
July 21, 1966
03:59
176
32
S66-45867
S66-45913
33
July 21, 1966
03:59
176
33
S66-45868
S66-45914
33
July 21, 1966
04:00
176
34
S66-45869
S66-45915
33
July 21, 1966
04:03
170
35
S66-45870
S66-45916
33
July 21, 1966
04:03
170
36
S66-45871
S66-45917
33
July 21, 1966
04:04
169
37
S66-45872
S66-45918
33
July 21, 1966
04:04
168
38
S66-45873
S66-45919
33
July 21, 1966
04:04
168
39
S66-45874
S66-45920
33
July 21, 1966
04:04
167
Area description
Clouds-horizon-sky; overexposed.
Spacecraft nose; underexposed.
Spacecraft nose; underexposed.
Clouds, ocean.
Clouds, ocean.
Clouds, ocean, west oj Midway Island.
Midway Island, Kure Island.
Midway Island, Kure Island.
Pearl and Hermes Reef.
Pearl and Hermes Reef.
Chagos Archipelago: Egmont Islands,
Three Brothers; Indian Ocean, clouds.
Chagos .\rchipelago: Egmont Islands, Three
Brothers; Diego Garcia; Indian Ocean, clouds.
Chagos Archipelago: Egmont Islands, Three Brothers,
Diego Garcia; Indian Ocean, clouds.
Chagos Archipelago: Diego Garcia,
Blenheim Reef; Indian Ocean, clouds.
Maldive Islands: Suvadiva and .Addu Atolls;
Indian Ocean, clouds.
.Maldive Islands: Suvadiva and .iddu .itolls;
Indian Ocean, clouds.
Maldive Islands: Nilandu, Kolamadulu,
Haddummati, Suvadiva, Addu ."VtoUs;
Indian Ocean, clouds.
.Maldive Islands: Kolamadulu, Haddummati, J^ilandu,
Suvadiva, Addu .-{tolls; Indian Ocean, clouds.
Maldive Islands: Kolamadulu, Haddummati,
Suvadiva, Addu .\tolls; Indian Ocean, clouds.
Maldive Islands: Kolamadulu, Haddummati,
Suvadiva, Addu Atolls; Indian Ocean, clouds.
Cloud streaks over Indian Ocean.
Clouds streaks over Indian Ocean, Maldive
Islands in background.
Cloud streaks over Indian Ocean.
Cloud streaks over Indian Ocean, Maldive Islands
in background.
China, Taiwan: Formosa Strait.
China, Taiwan: Formosa Strait.
China: Fukien, Chekiang, Kwangtung Provinces.
China: Fukien, Kwangtung, Hunan, Kiangsi,
Hupeh Provinces; lakes on Yangtze River.
China, Taiwan: Fukien Province; Formosa
Strait, Pescadores Islands.
China: Fukien, Chekiang Provinces; Formosa
Strait, Pescadores Islands.
China (Fukien Province), Taiwan: Formosa Strait,
Pescadores Islands.
China (Fukien Province), Taiwan: Formosa
Strait, Pescadores Islands.
Taiwan: Kaohsiung, south half of island.
Ryukya Islands: Sakishima Gunto group.
Daito Islands: Kita Daitojima.
Daito Islands: Kita Daito Jinia.
Ocean, clouds.
Parece Vela (Douglas) Reef: ocean, clouds.
Ocean, clouds, sea mount.
297
MAGAZINE 11 Continued
NASA/MSC.
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
40
S66-45875
S66-45921
33
July 21, 1966
04:05
167
Ocean, clouds.
41
S66-45876
S66-45922
33
July 21, 1966
04:05
166
Ocean, clouds.
42
S66-45877
S66-45923
34
July 21, 1966
05:16
200
East Africa coastline; Indian Ocean,
cloud layers of several types.
43
S66-45878
S66-45924
34
July 21, 1966
05: 17
200
East Africa coastline; Indian Ocean,
cloud layers of several types.
44
S66-45879
S66-45925
34
July 21, 1966
05:17
199
Indian Ocean, cloud layers of several types.
45
S66-45880
S66-45926
34
July 21, 1966
05:18
199
Indian Ocean, cloud layers of several types.
46
S66-45881
S66-45927
34
July 21, 1966
05:18
198
Indian Ocean, cloud layers of several types.
47
S66-45882
S66-45928
34
July 21, 1966
05:19
198
Indian Ocean, cloud layers of several tpyes.
MAGAZINE
12
NASA/MSC.
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-45929
866-45973
34
July 21, 1966
05:30
176
China, North Vietnam, cloudy.
2
Blank.
3
S66-45930
866-45974
34
July 21, 1966
05:30
176
China, North Vietnam: Gulf of Tonkin, cloudy.
4
S66-45931
866-45975
34
July 21, 1966
05:32
175
China, North Vietnam: Gulf of Tonkin, cloudy.
5
S66-45932
S66-45976
34
July 21, 1966
05:32
174
North Vietnam: Gulf of Tonkin, cloudy.
6
S66-45933
866-45977
34
July 21, 1966
05:32
174
China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam:
Hanoi, Haiphong; Red River, Gulf of Tonkin.
7
S66-45934
866-45978
34
July 21, 1966
05:33
173
China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam:
Red River.
8
S66-45935
866-45979
34
July 21, 1966
05:33
173
China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam:
Hanoi, Haiphong; Red River, Gulf of Tonkin,
South Vietnam on horizon.
9
S66-45936
866-45980
34
July 21, 1966
05:33
172
China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam:
Gulf of Tonkin.
10
S66-45937
866-45981
34
July 21, 1966
05:33
172
China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam:
Song Gam River.
11
S66-45938
866-45982
34
July 21, 1966
05:34
172
China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam:
Song Gam River.
12
S66-45939
866-45983
34
July 21, 1966
05:34
171
China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam:
Siang River.
13
866-45940
866-45984
34
July 21, 1966
05:34
171
China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam,
South Vietnam (background): Hanoi,
Haiphong; Red River, Gulf of Tonkin.
14
S66-45941
S66-45985
34
July 21, 1966
05:35
170
China (Kwangsi Province), North Vietnam:
Siang River, Gulf of Tonkin.
15
S66-45942
866-45986
34
July 21, 1966
05:35
169
China: Kwangsi Province, Nan-ning; Yu River.
16
866-45943
866-45987
34
July 21, 1966
05:36
168
China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi Provinces: South
China Sea coast.
17
866-45944
866-45988
34
July 21, 1966
05:36
168
China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi Provinces; South
China Sea coast.
18
366-45943
S66-45989
34
July 21, 1966
05:36
167
China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi Provinces; South China
Sea coast.
19
S66-45946
866-45990
34
July 21, 1966
05:36
167
China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi Provinces; South
China Sea coast.
20
S66-45947
S66-45991
34
July 21, 1966
05:36
167
China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi, Fukien Provinces;
South China Sea coast.
21
866-45948
866-45992
34
July 21, 1966
05:37
167
China: Kwangtung, Kwangsi Provinces; Hsi River.
22
Blank.
23
866-45949
866-45993
34
July 21, 1966
05:37
167
China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi, Fukien Provinces,
.South China Sea coast.
24
866-45950
866-45994
34
July 21, 1966
05:37
167
China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi, Fukien Provinces;
Quenioy, South China Sea coast.
298
MAGAZINE 12 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
25
S66-45951
S66-45995
34
July 21, 1966
05:37
167
China: Kwangtung, Kiangsi, Fukien Provinces;
Quemoy, South China Sea coast.
26
S66-45952
S66-45996
34
July 21, 1966
05:37
166
China (Kwangtung, Fukien Provinces), Taiwan;
Quemoy, Formosa Strait, Pescadores Islands.
27
S66-45953
S66-45997
34
July 21, 1966
05:37
166
China: Fukien Province: Quemoy, South China
Sea coast.
28
S66-45954
S66-45998
34
July 21, 1966
05:38
166
Taiwan: Formosa Strait, Pescadores Islands,
Pacific Ocean, clouds.
29
S66-45955
S66-45999
34
July 21, 1966
05:38
166
Taiwan, China (Fukien Province) : Formosa Strait,
Quemoy, Pescadores Islands.
30
S66-45956
S66-46000
34
July 27, 1966
05:38
765
Taiwan: Formosa Strait, Pescadores Islands,
Pacific Ocean, clouds.
31
S66-45957
S66-46001
34
July 21, 1966
05:38
165
China: Fukien, Kiangsi, Chekiang Provinces;
P'oyang and Tungt'ing Lakes on Yangtze River.
32
S66-45958
S66-46002
34
July 21, 7966
05:38
765
China: Fukien, Kiangsi, Chekiang Provinces;
P^oyang and Tungt'ing Lakes on Tangtzs River.
33
S66-45959
S66-46003
34
July 21, 1966
05:39
164
Taiwan, China coast (Fukien Province):
Formosa Strait.
34
Blank.
35
S66-45960
S66-46004
34
July 27, 7966
05:39
764
China: Chekiang Province; mouth oj Yangtze River,
Hangchou Bay.
36
S66-45961
S66-46005
34
July 21, 1966
05:39
164
China: Chekiang Province; mouth of Yangtze
River, Hangchou Bay.
37
S66-45962
S66-46006
34
July 21, 1966
05:39
164
China: Chekiang, Kiangsu Provinces, Shanghai;
Hangchou Bay.
38
S66 45963
S66-46n07
July 21, 1966
July 21, 1966
July 21, 1966
July 21, 1966
July 21, 1966
Double exposure.
Ocean, clouds.
39
S66 45964
S66-46008
40
S66-45965
S66-46009
Ocean, clouds.
41
S66 45966
S66-46010
Ocean, clouds.
42
S66 45967
S66-46011
Ocean, clouds.
43
Blank.
44
S66-45968
S66-45969
S66-45970
.S66 45971
S66-46012
S66-46013
S66-46014
S66-46015
July 21, 1966
July 21, 1966
July 21, 1966
July 21, 1966
July 21, 1966
Ocean, clouds near terminator.
45
Ocean, clouds, near terminator.
46
Ocean, clouds, near terminator.
47
Ocean, clouds, near terminator.
48
S66-45972
S66-46016
39
12:52
204
Peru, Brazil: Rio Ucayali, Cordillera Oriental;
road to Pucallpas visible.
GEMINI XI
MAGAZINE 11
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-54888
S66-54845
Sept. 12,
1966
16:02
Agena, docking end and side; range, 60 ft.
2
S66-54889
866-54846
Sept. 12,
1966
16:02
Agena, docking end; range, 60 ft.
3
S66-54890
S66-54847
Sept. 12,
1966
16:05
Agena, side view; range, 25 ft.
4
S66-54891
S66-54848
Sept. 12,
1966
16:08
Agena, side view; range, 35 ft.
5
S66-54892
S66-54849
Sept. 12,
1966
16:10
Agena, side view; range, 75 ft.
6
S66-54893
S66-54850
26
Sept. 14,
1966
07:24
225
United Arab Republic, Israel, Saudi Arabia,
Jordon, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq: fire on
Trans-Arabian pipeline.
7
S66 54894
S66-54851
'6
Sept. 14,
Sept. 74
1966
Blank.
8
S66-54895
S66-54852
26
7966
07:26
249
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia: Lunayyir lava
field, northern Red Sea.
9
S66-54896
S66-54853
26
Sept. 14,
1966
07:28
290
Saudi Arabia: Near Ar Riyad.
10
S66-54897
S66-54854
26
Sept. 14,
1966
07:29
298
Saudi .Arabia, Trucial States, Oman and Muscat:
Empty Quarter, Iran, West Pakistan in
background.
299
MAGAZINE 11 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
11
S66-54898
866-54855
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:29
306
Arabian Sea: West Pakistan, India in background.
12
S66-54899
866-54856
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:29
Image degraded because of window obscuration.
13
S66-54900
866-54857
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:33
365
India: Gulfof Kutch, Gulf of Cambay.
14
S66-54901
S66-54858
26
.Sept. 14, 1966
07:35
396
India, Ceylon: Laccadive Islands, Arabian Sea.
15
S66-54902
866-54859
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:36
420
India: Mysore, Pradesh, Madras and Kerala States.
16
S66-54903
866-54860
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:37
435
India: central and northern portions;
Tibet on horizon.
n
S66-54904
S66-54S67
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:37
438
India, south from Hyderabad, part oj Ceylon:
Bay of Bengal.
18
S66-54905
866-54862
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:37
440
India, South from Hyderabad, part of Ceylon:
Bay of Bengal.
19
S66-54906
866-54863
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:37
444
India, southern and eastern portion, part of
Ceylon: Bay of Bengal, Himalayas, Tibet on
horizon.
20
S66-54907
866-54864
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:39
485
Indian Ocean; Clouds.
21
S66-54908
866-54865
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:39
492
Indian Ocean: Clouds.
22
S66-54909
866-54866
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:44
553
Sumatra, Malaya: Clouds.
23
S66-54910
866-54867
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:44
563
Sumatra, Malaya: Clouds.
24
S66-549n
S66-54868
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:46
596
Sumatra, Java, Borneo: Clouds.
25
S66-54912
866-54869
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:47
607
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes: Clouds.
26
S66-54913
866-54870
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:47
612
Sumatra, Java, Borneo: Clouds.
27
S66-54914
866-54871
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:48
620
Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes: clouds.
28
S66-54915
866-54872
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:48
628
Java, Bali, Lombok.
29
866-54916
866-54873
26
Sept, 14, 1966
07:49
638
Java, Bali, Lombok.
30
S66-54917
866-54874
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:49
648
Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa.
31
S66-54918
S66-54S75
26
Sept. 74, 1966
07:53
682
Western Australia: Eighty Alile Beach to Admiralty
Gulf; Great Sandy Desert.
32
S66-54919
866-54876
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:53
684
Western Australia: Eighty Mile Beach to
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf; Kimberley Plateau,
Great Sandy Desert.
33
S66-54920
866-54877
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:53
686
Western Australia: Eighty Mile Beach to
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf; Kimberley Plateau,
Great Sandy Desert.
34
366-54921
866-54878
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:53
688
Western Australia: Eighty Mile Beach to
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf; Kimberley Plateau,
Great Sandy Desert.
35
866-54922
S66-54879
26
Sept. 14, 1966
Sept. 14, 1966
Blank.
36
866-54923
S66-54880
26
07:53
690
Western Australia: Eighty Mile Beach to
Joseph Bonaparte Gulf; Kimberley Plateau,
Great Sandy Desert.
37
S6&'54924
S66-54881
26
Sepl. 14, 1966
07:54
691
Western Australia: Eighty Mile Beach to Joseph
Bonaparte Gulf; Kimberley Plateau, Great
Sandy Desert.
38
S66-54925
S66-54882
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:54
694
Western Australia, Northern Territory:
King Sound to Gulf of Carpentaria.
39
866-54926
866-54883
26
.Sept. 14, 1966
07:54
697
Timor Sea, Indonesian Islands, Timor to Java,
Borneo and Celebes: Scott Reef, Bonaparte
Archipelago; clouds.
40
866-54927
866-54884
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:55
699
Western Australia, Northern Territory:
Roebuck Bay to Darwin; Kimberley Plateau.
41
S66-54928
866-54885
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:55
701
Western Australia, Northern Territory:
Roebuck Bay to Darwin; Kimberley Plateau.
42
S66-54929
866-54886
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:55
703
Western Australia, Northern Territory:
Roebuck Bay to Darwin; Kimberley Plateau.
43
866-54930
866-54887
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:55
704
Western Australia, Northern Territory: King
Sound to Van Diemen Gulf;
Kimberley Plateau.
300
MAGAZINE
8
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-54652
S66-54589
16
Sept. 13, 1966
16:27
Inside spacecraft, Lt. Comdr. Gordon's hand,
helmet; hatch open preparing for used
equipment jettison.
2
S66-54653
S66-54590
16
Sept. 13, 1966
16:27
Inside spacecraft, hatch open; Lt. Comdr.
Gordon prepares for used equipment jettison.
3
S66-54654
S66-54591
16
Sept. 13, 1966
16:27
Inside spacecraft, hatch open; Lt. Comdr.
Gordon prepares for used equipment jettison.
4
S66-54655
S66-54656
S66-54592
S66-54593
Sept. 13, 1966
Sept. 13, 1966
Blank.
5
16
16:29
Agena, nose of Gemini through open hatch.
6
S66-54657
S66-54594
16
Sept. 13, 1966
16:29
Tether Hne, patch on Lt. Comdr. Gordon's
shoulder, through open hatch.
7
S66-54658
S66-54659
S66-54595
S66-54596
Sept. 13, 1966
Sept. 13, 1966
Blank.
8
18
18:25
L-band antenna, overexposed.
9
S66-54660
S66-54597
18
Sept. 13, 1966
18:25
L-band antenna, overexposed.
10
S66-54661
S66-54598
18
Sept. 13, 1966
18:25
L-band antenna, overexposed.
11
S66-54662
S66-54599
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:24
231
United .'\rab Republic, Israel, Jordan:
Nile Valley, Sinai Peninsula; image degraded
because of window obscuration.
12
S66-54663
S66-54600
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:25
237
United Arab Republic, Saudi .\rabia, Israel,
Jordan: Nile Valley, Red Sea; image degraded
because of window obscuration.
13
S66-54664
S66-54601
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:26
257
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Israel,
Jordan: Foul Bay, Al Hijaz area.
14
S66-54665
S66-54602
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:28
288
Saudi Arabia: Mecca, Medina; Nafud Desert,
fire on Trans-Arabian pipeline.
15
S66-54666
S66-54603
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:29
296
Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq,
Iran: Empty Quarter; image degraded
because of window obscuration.
16
S66-54667
S66-54604
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:29
307
Saudi Arabia, Trucial States, Muscat and Oman:
Iran and West Pakistan in background;
image degraded because of window obscuration.
17
S66-54668
S66-54605
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:30
315
Saudi Arabia, Muscat and Oman: Iran,
West Pakistan in background.
18
S66-54669
S66-54606
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:30
318
Saudi Arabia, Muscat and Oman: Iran,
West Pakistan, India in background.
19
S66-54670
S66-54607
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:32
343
Muscat and Oman: Arabian Sea; Iran,
West Pakistan, India in background.
20
S66-54671
S66-54608
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:33
370
Arabian Sea, West Pakistan, India: Indus valley,
Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Cambay.
21
S66-54672
S66-54609
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:34
387
Arabian Sea, Laccadive Islands, India, Ceylon.
22
S66-54673
S66-54610
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:35
405
Arabian Sea, Laccadive Islands, India, Ceylon.
23
S66-54674
S66-54611
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:36
417
Arabian Sea, Laccadive Islands, India, Ceylon,
Bay of Bengal.
24
S66-54675
S66-54612
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:36
423
India, Ceylon, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal.
25
S66-54676
S66-54613
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:36
429
India, Ceylon, .\rabian Sea, Bay of Bengal.
26
S66-54677
S66-54614
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:37
441
India, Ceylon, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal.
27
S6&-54678
566-54615
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:37
448
India, Ceylon, Bay of Bengal.
28
S66-54679
S66-54616
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:38
454
India, Ceylon: Image degraded because of
window obscuration.
29
S66-54680
S66-54617
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:38
460
India, Ceylon, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal:
Image degraded because of window obscuration.
30
S66-54681
566-54618
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:39
480
Ceylon, Indian Ocean, Sumatra:
Southeast Asia on horizon.
31
S66-54682
S66-54619
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:40
489
Southwest tip of Ceylon, Indian Ocean, Sumatra:
Southeast Asia on horizon.
32
S66-54683
S66-54620
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:41
502
Indian Ocean, Sumatra.
33
S66-54684
S66-54621
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:42
520
Indian Ocean, Sumatra.
301
MAGAZINE 8 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
34
S66-54685
S66-54622
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:43
537
Sumatra, Java: Borneo on horizon.
35
S66-54686
S66-54623
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:44
553
Sumatra, Java: Borneo on horizon.
36
S66-54687
S66-54624
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07;45
569
Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
37
S66-54688
866-54625
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:46
585
Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
38
39
S66-54689
S66-54690
S66-54626
866-54627
26
26
Sept. 14, 1966
Sept. 14, 1966
07:47
07:48
600
614
Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
Sumatra, Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes.
40
S66-54691
S66-5462S
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:48
623
Sumatra, Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes.
41
S66-54692
866-54629
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:49
633
Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra,
tip of Western Australia, Northern Territory.
42
366-54693
866-54630
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:50
641
Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra,
43
S66-54694
866-54631
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:51
657
tip of Western Australia, Northern Territory.
Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra,
tip of Western Australia, Northern Territory.
44
S66-54695
866-54632
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:52
669
Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes,
Western Australia, Northern Territory.
45
S66-54696
866-54633
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:52
674
Java-to-Timor chain, Borneo, Celebes,
46
S66-54697
866-54634
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:52
678
Western Australia, Northern Territory.
Western Australia, Northern Territory:
Eighty Mile Beach to Darwin; Celebes,
Bali-to-Timor chain in background.
47
S66-54698
866-54635
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:53
681
Western Australia, Northern Territory:
Eighty Mile Beach to Darwin; Celebes,
48
S66-54699
866-54636
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:53
685
Bali-to-Timor chain in background.
Western Australia, Northern Territory:
Eighty Mile Beach to Darwin; Celebes,
49
S66-54700
S66-54637
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07.- 54
693
Bali-to-Timor chain in background.
Western Australia, .Northern Territory: Eighty Mile
Beach to Darwin; Celebes, Sumba-to-Timor
50
S66-54701
866-54638
lb
Sept. 14, 1966
07:54
696
chain in background.
Western Australia, Northern Territory, Eighty
Mile Beach to Darwin; Celebes,
51
S66-54702
866-54639
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:57
720
Sumba-to-Timor chain in background.
Out of focus because of window obscuration.
52
S66-54703
866-54640
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:58
111
Australia: western half, Perth to Darwin.
53
S66-54704
866-54641
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:58
11\
Australia: western half, Perth to Darwin.
54
S66-54705
866-54642
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:58
lib
Australia: northwest quarter, Broome to
55
S66-54706
866-54643
26
Sept. 14, 1966
07:59
Hi
Gulf of Carpentaria.
.■\ustralia: western half, Perth to
56
S66-54707
866-54644
26
Sept. 14, 1966
08:04
740
Gulf of Carpentaria.
Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of
Australia.
57
S66-54708
866-54645
26
Sept. 14, 1966
08:04
740
Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of
Australia.
58
S66-54709
866-54646
26
Sept. 14, 1966
08:05
740
Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of
Australia.
59
S66-54710
866-54647
26
Sept. 14, 1966
08:05
741
Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of
.Australia.
60
866-54711
866-54648
26
Sept. 14, 1966
08:06
741
Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of
Australia.
61
S66-54712
S66-54649
26
Sept. 14, 1966
08:06
741.5
Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of
62
866-54713
866-54650
26
Sept. 14, 1966
08:06
741
Australia; record high apogee.
Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of
Australia.
63
866-54714
866-54651
26
Sept. 14, 1966
08:07
741
Terminator at sunset, seen from east coast of
Australia.
302
MAGAZINE
10
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
7
S66-54764
S66-54715
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:02
186
Morocco, IJni: Agadir; Cape Rhir, Atlas and
Anti-Atlas Mountains.
2
S66-54765
S66-54716
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:02
190
Morocco, Ifni, Algeria: Agadir, Cape Rhir,
Atlas and Anti-Atlas Mountains.
3
S66-54766
S66-54717
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:03
195
Morocco, Algeria: Hamada du Dra, Erg Iguidi,
Anti-Atlas Mountains.
4
S66-54767
S66-54718
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:03
202
Algeria: Erg Iguidi, Erg er Raoui, Oued Saoura.
5
S66-54768
S66-54719
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:04
206
Algeria: Erg Chech, Oued Saoura, Tademait
Plateau.
6
S66-54769
S66-54720
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:04
212
Algeria: ,\m Salah; Erg Chech, Tademait
Plateau, Tidikelt region.
7
S66-54770
S66-54721
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:05
219
Algeria: Ain Salah; Tademait Plateau,
Tidikelt region.
8
S66-54771
S66-54722
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:05
223
Algeria; Tidikelt region, Ajjer Plateau,
Irrarene Dunes.
9
S66-54772
S66-54723
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:05
231
Algeria, Libya: Ajjer Plateau, Irrarere Dunes,
Telu Basalt.
10
S66-54773
S66-54724
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:06
237
Algeria, Libya: Ghat; Ajjer Plateau, Mellet Plateau.
11
S66-54774
S66-54725
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:06
246
Algeria, Libya: Ghat; Ajjer Plateau, Mellet
Plateau, Marzuq Sand Plain.
12
S66-54775
S66-54726
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:09
274
Libya: Northern Tibesti Mountains,
Rebiana Sand Sea, Jebel Tarhuni.
13
S66-54776
S66-54727
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:11
302
Libya, United Arab Republic, Sudan:
Libyan Desert, Jebel Arkenu, Jebel Uweinat,
Gilf Kebir Plateau.
14
S66-54777
S66-54728
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:12
321
United Arab Republic, Sudan: Dongola,
Wadi Haifa; Great Bend of the Nile River,
Nubian Desert.
15
S66-54778
S66-54729
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:13
331
United Arab Republic, Sudan: Dongola,
Wadi Haifa, Merowe; Great Bend of the
Nile River, Nubian Desert, Dungunab Bay
on Red Sea.
16
S66-54779
S66-54730
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:13
347
Sudan, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia: Atbara, Port Sudan,
Kassala; Nile and Atbara Rivers, Red Sea.
17
S66-54780
S66-54731
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:14
355
Sudan, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia: Kassala, -Asmara;
Atbara River, Red Sea, Dahlak .Archipelago,
Farasan Islands.
18
S66-54781
S66-54732
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:15
362
Sudan, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen: Kassala,
Asmara; Red Sea, Dahlak .^rchipelego,
Farasan Islands.
19
S66-54782
S66-54733
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:15
374
Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen: Asmara, Assab;
Red Sea, Dahlak Archipelago, Farasan Islands.
20
S66-54783
S66-54734
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09: 16
392
Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic, Temen,
South Arabia: Assab, Djibouti, .Aden; Lake Abbe,
Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Mandab Gate.
21
S66-54784
S66-54735
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:17
403
Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic,
Yemen, South Arabia: Djibouti, Berbera,
Aden; Mandab Gate, Gulf of Aden.
22
S66-54785
S66-54736
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:17
418
Ethiopia, Somali Republic, South Arabia:
Gulf of Aden, Ras Hafun, Indian Ocean.
23
S66-54786
S66-54737
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:18
433
Ethiopia, Somali Republic: Gulf of Aden,
Ras Hafun, Indian Ocean.
24
S66-54787
S66-54738
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:19
455
Indian Ocean, clouds.
25
S66-54788
S66-54739
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:20
470
Indian Ocean, clouds.
26
S66-54789
S66-54740
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:22
502
Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean; clouds.
27
S66-54790
S66-54741
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:22
510
Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean; clouds.
28
S66-54791
S66-54742
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:23
521
Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean; clouds.
303
MAGAZINE 10 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
29
S66-54792
866-54743
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:23
530
Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean, coast of India;
clouds.
30
S66-547Q3
S66-54744
27
Sept. 14
1966
09:24
538
Maldive Islands, India, Ceylon, Indian Ocean; clouds.
31
866-54794
866-54745
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:24
547
Maldive Islands, India, Ceylon, Indian Ocean;
clouds.
32
S66-54795
866-54746
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:33
670
Clouds over Indian Ocean.
33
S66-54796
866-54747
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:34
678
Clouds over Indian Ocean.
34
S66-54797
866-54748
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:35
690
Clouds over Indian Ocean.
35
S66-54798
866-54749
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:36
696
Clouds over Indian Ocean.
36
S66-54799
S66-54750
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:37
705
Clouds over Indian Ocean; west coast of
.Australia on horizon.
37
S66-54800
866-54751
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:40
725
Australia: west coast, North West Cape and
Shark Bay; clouds over Indian Ocean.
38
S66-54801
866-54752
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:42
734
Terminator in eastern Australia.
39
40
.S6fi 54802
866-54753
31
Sept. 14,
Sept. 14,
1966
Agena tethered to Gemini; sky background.
Agena tethered to Gemini; sky background.
S66-54803
866-54754
31
1966
41
S66-54804
866-54755
31
Sept. 14,
1966
Agena tethered to Gemini; sky background.
42
S66-54805
866-54756
31
Sept. 14,
1966
Agena tethered to Gemini; sunlit cloud tops,
background.
43
.S6fi 54806
866-54757
31
.Sept. 14,
1966
Agena tethered to Gemini, TD.-\ down;
Pacific Ocean off" Mexico, clouds.
44
S66-54807
866-54758
31
Sept. 14,
1966
Agena tethered to Gemini, TDA down;
Pacific Ocean off Mexcio, clouds.
45
S66-54808
866-54759
31
Sept. 14,
1966
Agena tethered to Gemini, TDA down;
Pacific Ocean off Mexico, clouds.
46
S66-54809
866-54760
31
.Sept. 14,
1966
Agena tethered to Gemini, TD.^ down;
Pacific Ocean off Mexico, clouds.
47
S66-54810
866-54761
31
Sept. 14,
1966
16:48
157
Agena tethered to Gemini, over Mexico:
Gulf of California, Baja California at La Paz,
Sinaloa near Los Mochis.
48
S66-54811
866-54762
31
Sept. 14,
1966
16:50
157
.Agena tethered to Gemini, over Mexico;
Fresnillo, Zacatecas area.
49
S66-54812
866-54763
31
Sept. 14,
1966
16:50
157
Agena tethered to Gemini, over Mexico;
Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes area.
MAGAZINE
9
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
Blank.
2
866-54523
866-54457
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:03
201
.•Mgeria, Morocco, Mauritania: Erg Iguidi, Atlas
Mountains; image degraded because of
window obscuration.
3
866-54524
866-54458
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:05
218
Algeria: Tidikelt region, Tademait Plateau,
Grand Erg Occidental; image degraded
because of window obscuration.
4
S66-54525
S66-54459
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:06
236
Algeria, Libya, Niger, Chad: Ajjer Plateau, Marzuq
Sand Plain, the Black Haruj; Gulf of Sirte in
background.
5
866-54526
866-54460
11
Sept. 14, 1966
09:06
239
Libya, Niger, Chad: .^jjer Plateau, Marzuq
Sand Plain, The Black Haruj, Gulf of Sirte
in background.
6
S66-54527
S66-54461
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:07
250
Libya, Niger, Chad: Marzuq Sand Plain, The
Black Haruj, Tibesti Mountains, Mediterranean
coast in background.
7
866-54528
866-54462
27
Sept. 14, 1966
09:09
272
Libya, Chad, United Arab Republic, Sudan:
Northern Tibesti Mountains, sand seas and
gravel plains of eastern Sahara.
304
MAGAZINE 9 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
8
S66-54529
S66-54463
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:10
285
Libya, United Arab Republic, Sudan: sand seas and
9
S66-54530
S66-54464
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:11
307
gravel plains of eastern Sahara.
United Arab Republic, Sudan: Western Desert,
Nile River, Red Sea; Saudi Arabia in
10
S66-54531
S66-54465
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:12
327
background.
United .Arab Republic, Sudan: Nile River, Nubian
Desert, Red Sea; Saudi Arabia in background.
11
S66-54532
S66-54466
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09;13
341
Sudan, Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali
Republic, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, South Arabia:
Lake Tana, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden.
12
566-5453J
S66-54467
27
Sept. 14
1966
09:14
353
Sudan, Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic,
Saudi Arabia, Temen, South Arabia: Lake Tana,
13
S66-54534
S66-54468
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:14
357
Red Sea, Gulf of Aden.
Sudan, Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali
Republic, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, South Arabia:
Lake Tana, Red Sea, Gulf of Aden.
14
S66-54535
S66-54469
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:15
368
Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic,
Saudi Arabia, Yemen, South Arabia: Red Sea,
Gulf of Aden.
15
S66-54536
S66-54470
27
Sept. 14
1966
09:15
379
Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic, Saudi
Arabia, Temen, South Arabia: Red Sea, Gulf of Aden.
16
S66-54537
S66-54471
27
Sept. 14
1966
09:16
385
Ethiopia, French Somaliland, Somali Republic, Saudi
Arabia, Yemen, South Arabia: Red Sea, Gulf of Aden.
17
S66-54638
S66-54472
27
Sept. 14
1966
09:17
408
Ethiopia, Somali Republic, Saudi .irabia. South
Arabia: Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean.
18
S66-54539
S66-54473
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:18
421
Ethiopia, Somali Republic, South Arabia: Gulf of
Aden, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean.
19
S66-54540
S66-54474
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:21
473
Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, tip of India and
20
S66-54541
S66-54475
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:22
487
Ceylon on horizon.
Indian Ocean, southern India, Ceylon,
Maldive Islands.
21
S66-54542
S66-54476
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:22
495
Indian Ocean, southern India, Ceylon,
Maldive Islands.
22
S66-54543
S66-54477
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:23
504
Indian Ocean, southern India, Ceylon,
Maldive Islands.
23
S66-54544
S66-54478
27
Sept. 14
7966
09:23
572
Indian Ocean, southern India, Ceylon, Maldive Islands.
24
S66-54545
S66-54479
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:24
516
Indian Ocean, Ceylon.
25
S66-54546
S66-54480
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:35
681
Indian Ocean, west of Australia.
26
S66-54547
S66-54481
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:36
688
Indian Ocean, west of Australia.
27
S66-54548
S66-54482
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:37
693
Indian Ocean, west of Australia.
28
S66-54549
S66-54483
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:38
699
Indian Ocean, western Australia on horizon.
29
S66-54550
S66-54484
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:38
707
Indian Ocean, western Australia; Northwest
30
S66-54551
S66-54485
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:39
715
Cape on horizon.
Indian Ocean, western Australia; Northwest Cape
on horizon.
31
S66-54552
S66-54486
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:40
726
Indian Ocean, Western Australia; Shark Bay in
32
S66-54553
S66-54487
27
Sept. 14,
1966
09:40
730
background.
Indian Ocean, Western Australia; Shark Bay in
33
S66-54554
S66-54488
29
Sept. 14,
1966
12:57
background.
Standup EVA, hatch open; L-band antenna,
hatch door, 70-mm (Blue) Maurer, UV camera.
34
S66-54555
S66-54489
29
Sept. 14,
1966
13:02
Standup EVA, hatch open; docked Agena
clearly seen.
35
S66-54556
S66-54490
29
Sept. 14,
1966
13:38
156
Clouds over Mexico at sunrise.
36
S66-54557
S66-54491
29
Sept. 14,
1966
13:38
156
Clouds over Mexico at sunrise.
305
MAGAZINE 9 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
37
S66-54558
S66-54492
29
Sept. 14, 1966
13:38
156
Texas, Mexico: Rio Grande, Big Bend area,
Del Rio, Eagle Pass, gulf coast;
near sunrise, dark.
38
S66-54559
S66-54493
29
Sept. 14, 1966
13:39
156
Texas, Mexico: Del Rio to Corpus Christi,
gulf coast to New Orleans; near sunrise, dark.
39
S66-34560
S66-54494
29
Sept. 14, 1966
13:40
156
Texas, gulj coast: San Antonio Bay to Mobile,
Galveston Bay, Houston; industrial smoke, contrails.
40
S66-54561
S66-54495
29
Sept. 14, 1966
13:40
156
Texas, Louisiana, gulf coast: Galveston to Mobile,
Houston, Beaumont, Mississippi Delta.
41
S66-54562
S66-54496
29
Sept. 14, 1966
13:41
156
Louisiana, Alabama: gulf coast. White Lake
to Mobile, New Orleans, mouth of Mississippi.
42
S66-54563
S66-54497
29
Sept. 14, 1966
13:42
156
Louisiana, Alabama, Florida: gulf coast,
Grand Isle to Apalachicola, New Orleans,
mouth of Mississippi.
43
S66-54564
S66-54498
29
Sept. 14, 1966
13:42
157
Florida: Gulf coast and .Atlantic coast,
north of Tampa; image blurred.
44
S66-54565
S66-54499
29
Sept. 14, 1966
13:43
157
Florida, Georgia: Gulf and Atlantic coasts,
from Sarasota-Fort Pierce to north of
Jacksonville; clouds, dark.
45
S66-54566
S66-54500
29
Sept. 14, 1966
13:43
157
Florida, Georgia: Gulf and Atlantic coasts,
from Sarasota-Fort Pierce to north of
Jacksonville; clouds, dark.
46
S66-54567
S66-54501
29
Sept. 14, 1966
13:43
157
Florida, Georgia: Gulf and .Atlantic coasts from
Tampa-Fort Pierce to north of Jacksonville;
clouds, dark.
47
S66-54568
S66-54502
29
Sept. 14, 1966
13:43
157
Florida: Tampa-Fort Pierce-Jacksonville;
clouds, dark.
48
S66-54569
S66-54503
29
Sept. 14, 1966
13:44
157
Florida: Cape Kennedy; very dark, last photo
taken during standup EVA.
49
S66-54570
S66-54504
32
Sept. 14, 1966
18:12
Agena tethered to Gemini XI; ocean, clouds, atolls.
30
S66-54577
S66-54505
32
Sept. 14, 1966
18:12
Agena tethered to Gemini .XI; ocean, clouds, atolls.
51
S66-54572
S66-54506
32
Sept. 14, 1966
18:22
Agena tethered to Gemini XI;
black sky background.
52
S66-54573
S66-54507
32
.Sept. 14, 1966
18:22
Agena tethered to Gemini XI;
black sky background.
53
S66-54574
S66-54508
32
Sept. 14, 1966
18:23
Agena tethered to Gemini XI;
black sky background.
54
S66-54575
S66-54509
32
Sept. 14, 1966
18:23
Agena tethered to Gemini XI;
black sky background.
55
S66-54576
S66-54510
32
Sept. 14, 1966
18:24
Agena tethered to Gemini XI;
black sky background.
56
S66-54577
S66-54511
32
Sept. 14, 1966
18:24
Agena tethered to Gemini XI;
black sky bakcground.
57
S66-54578
S66-54512
32
Sept. 14, 1966
18:25
Agena tethered to Gemini XI;
black sky background.
58
S66-54579
S66-54513
33
Sept. 14, 1966
19:52
Agena (side view), tether line loose; range, 65 ft.
59
S66-54580
S66-54514
33
Sept. 14, 1966
19:53
Agena (side view), tether line loose; range, 75 ft.
60
S66-54581
S66-54515
34
Sept. 14, 1966
21:12
156
Typhoon Elsie, southeast of Japan.
61
S66-54582
S66-54516
42
Sept. 15, 1966
09:13
Agena, sky background; range, 250 ft;
rerendezvous sequence.
62
S66-54583
S66-54517
42
Sept. 15, 1966
09:14
Agena, sky background; range, 300 ft; out of focus.
63
S66-54584
S66-54518
42
Sept. 15, 1966
09:17
Agena, docking cone end, tether line loose;
range, 90 ft; Lake Chad, Chari River in
background.
64
S66-54585
S66-54519
■42
Sept. 15, 1966
09:20
Agena, side view, tether line loose; range, 80 ft;
over East Africa.
306
MAGAZINE 9 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
65
66
67
S66-54586
S66-54587
S66-54588
S66-54520
S66-54521
S66-54522
42
42
42
Sept. 15, 1966
Sept. 15, 1966
Sept. 15, 1966
09:21
09;22
09:22
Agena, side view, tether line loose; range, 90 ft;
over East Africa.
Agena, side view, tether line loose; range, 95 ft;
over East Africa.
Agena, side view, tether line loose; range, 100 ft;
over East Africa.
MAGAZINE
12
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-54829
S66-54813
33
Sept. 14, 1966
19:51
Agena on tether line.
2
S66-54830
S66-54814
33
Sept. 14, 1966
19:53
Agena at time of tether drop; range, 50 ft.
3
S66-54831
S66-54815
34
Sept. 14, 1966
20:14
165
Peru: Fog-shrouded coastline from Punta Chala
to Rio Ocona, western slope of Andes.
4
S66-54S32
S66-54S76
34
Sept. 14, 1966
20: 15
165
Peru: Arequipa; Jog-shrouded coastline from Rio Atico
to Rio Tambo; Laguna Salinas, Volcano Misti,
Nevada Chachani.
5
S66-54833
S66-54817
34
•Sept. 14, 1966
20:15
165
Peru: Arequipa; fog-shrouded coastline from
Punta Chala to Rio Tambo; Laguna Salinas,
Volcano Misti, Nevado Chachani.
6
S66-54834
S66-54818
34
Sept. 14, 1966
20:16
165
Peru, Chile, Bolivia: La Paz beneath clouds;
Lake Titicaca, Rio Desaquadero, Cordillera
Real.
7
S66-54835
S66-54819
34
.Sept. 14, 1966
20:17
165
Bolivia: Sucre, Santa Cruz; Cordillera Oriental,
Rio Grande, Rio Parapeti.
8
S66-54836
S66-54820
34
Sept. 14, 1966
20:17
165
Bolivia, Paraguay: Gran Chaco, edge of Cordillera
Oriental, Rio Grande, Rio Parapeti; hazy.
9
S66-54837
S66-54821
35
Sept. 14, 1966
22:48
155
Typhoon Elsie, southeast of Japan; out of focus.
10
S66-54838
S66-54822
35
.Sept. 14, 1966
22:48
155
Typhoon Elsie, southeast of Japan; out of focus.
11
S66-54839
S66-54823
37
Sept. 15, 1966
01:44
156
West Pakistan, India, China: Himalayas, Hindu
Kush, Karakoram Range, Sinkiang Desert,
Indus River.
U
S66-54S40
S66-54S24
37
Sept. 15, 1966
01:49
156
East Pakistan, India, Bhutan, Sikkim: Himalayas,
Mount Everest, Brahmaputra River, Tibetan
Highlands, Ganges Plain in background.
13
S66-54841
S66-54825
40
Sept. 15, 1966
06:45
162
Western Australia: Eighty Mile Beach, Great
Sandy Desert, Percival Lakes and Lake
Disappointment, Fitzroy River.
14
S66-54842
S66-54826
Agena, side view, range, 70 ft.
Blank.
15
S66-54843
S66-54844
S66-54827
S66-54828
16
Agena, side view; range, 200 ft.
307
GEMINI XII
MAGAZINE 8
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-63386
S66-63236
1
Nov. 11, 1966
22:19
124
Mexico: Monterrey-.Saltillo-Torreon area;
.Sierra Madre Oriental Gulf coastal plain.
2
S66-63387
S66-63237
3
Nov. 12, 1966
Agena station keeping; range, 15 ft.
Agena station keeping; range, 15 ft.
Agena station keeping; range, 15 ft.
Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo,
3
S66-63388
S66-63238
3
Nov. 12, 1966
4
S66-63389
S66-63239
3
Nov. 12, 1966
5
S66-63390
S66-63240
3
Nov. 12, 1966
00:55
156
Philippine Islands; .Sulu Archipelago.
6
S66-63391
S66-63241
3
Nov. 12, 1966
00:55
156
Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo,
Philippine Islands; .Sulu .\rchipelago.
7
S66-63392
S66-63242
3
Nov. 12, 1966
00:55
156
Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo,
Philippine Islands; Sulu Archipelago.
8
S66-63393
.S66-63243
3
Nov. 12, 1966
00:55
156
Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo,
Philippine Islands; Sulu Archipelago.
9
S66-63394
S66-63244
3
Nov. 12, 1966
00:55
156
Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo,
Philippine Islands; .Sulu Archipelago.
10
S66-63395
S66-63245
3
Nov. 12, 1966
00:56
156
Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo,
Philippine Islands; Sulu Archipelago.
11
866-63396
S66-63246
3
Nov. 12, 1966
00:56
156
Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft; Borneo,
Philippine Islands; Sulu Archipelago.
12
S66-63397
S66-63247
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:06
159
Docked to Agena.
13
S66-63398
S66-63248
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:07
159
Docked to Agena.
14
S66-63399
S66-63249
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:07
159
Docked to Agena.
15
S66-63400
S66-63250
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:08
159
Docked to Agena.
16
S66-63401
S66-63251
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:10
159
Docked to Agena.
17
S66-63402
S66-63252
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:31
Agena station keeping; range, 25 ft.
18
S66-63403
S66-63253
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:32
Agena station keeping; range, 25 ft.
19
S66-63404
S66-63254
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:32
Agena station keeping; range, 27 ft.
20
S66-63405
S66-63255
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:33
Agena station keeping; range, 34 ft.
21
S66-63406
S66-63256
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:33
Agena station keeping; range, 37 ft.
22
S66-63407
S66-63257
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:33
Agena station keeping; range, 42 ft.
23
S66-63408
S66-63258
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:34
Agena station keeping; range, 45 ft.
24
S66-63409
S66-63259
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:34
Agena station keeping; range, 50 ft.
25
S66-63410
S66-63260
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:35
Agena station keeping; range, 55 ft.
26
S66-63411
S66-63261
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:35
Agena station keeping; range, 60 ft.
27
S66-63412
S66-63262
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:36
Agena station keeping; range, 45 ft.
28
S66-63413
S66-63263
3
Nov. 12, 1966
01:36
Agena station keeping; range, 45 ft.
29
S66-63414
S66-63264
3
Nov. 12, 1966
12:47
Solar eclipse, partial.
30
S66-63415
S66-63265
3
Nov. 12, 1966
12:48
Solar eclipse, total.
31
S66-63416
S66-63266
Nov. 12, 1966
Blank.
32
S66-63417
S66-63267
15
Nov. 12, 1966
19:13
150
Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba.
33
Sm-63418
S66-63268
15
Nod. 12, 1966
19:13
150
Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba.
34
S66-63419
S66-63269
15
Nov. 12, 1966
19:13
150
Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba.
35
S66-63420
S66-63270
15
Nov. 12, 1966
19:13
150
Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba.
36
S66-63421
S66-63271
15
Nov. 12, 1966
19:14
150
Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba.
37
S66-63422
S66-63272
15
Nov. 12, 1966
19:14
150
Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba.
38
S66~63423
S66-63273
?5
Nov. 12, 1966
19:14
149
Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba.
39
S66-63424
S66-63274
15
Nov. 12, 1966
19:14
149
Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba.
40
S66-63425
S66-63275
15
Nov. 12, 1966
19:14
149
Southern Florida, Bahama Islands, Cuba.
41
S66-63426
S66-63276
15
Nov. 12, 1966
20:43
150
Texas, Mexico: Del Rio, Eagle Pass; Edwards
Plateau, Big Bend, Rio Grande, Serrania del
Burro, Sierra Madre Oriental.
42
S66-63427
S66-63277
15
Nov. 12, 1966
20:43
150
Texas, Mexico: Del Rio, Eagle Pass; Laredo;
Edwards Plateau, Big Bend, Rio Grande,
Serrania del Burro, Sierra Madre Oriental.
308
MAGAZINE 8 Continued
NASA/MSC
Color No.
B&W No.
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Area description
S66-63428
S66-63429
S66-63430
S66-63431
S66-63432
S66-63433
S66-63434
S66-63435
S66-63436
S66-63437
S66-63438
S66-63439
S66-63440
S66-63441
S66-63442
S66-63443
S66-63444
S66-63445
S66-63446
S66-63447
S66-63448
S66-63449
S66-63450
S66-63451
S66-63452
S66-63453
S66-63454
S66-63455
S66-63456
S66-63457
S66-63458
S66-63459
S66-63460
S66-63461
S66-63462
S66-63463
S66-63464
S66-63465
S66-63466
S66-63467
S66-63468
S6&-6327S
S66-63279
S66-63280
S66-63281
S66-63282
S66-63283
S66-63284
S66-63285
S66-63286
S66-63287
S66-63288
S66-63289
S66-63290
S66-63291
S66-63292
S66-63293
S66-63294
S66-63295
S66-63296
S66-63297
S66-63298
S66-63299
S66-63300
S66-63301
S66-63302
S66-63303
S66-63304
S66-63305
S66-63306
866-63307
S66-63308
S66-63309
S66-63310
S66-63311
S66-63312
S66-63313
S66-63314
S66-63315
S66-63316
S66-63317
S66-63318
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
77
17
17
25
25
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
20:44
20:44
20;44
20:47
20:48
20:48
20:48
20:48
20:48
22:17
22:17
22:17
22:17
23:18
23:19
23:19
23:33
23:34
23:34
23:35
23:35
23:36
23:36
23:37
23:37
23:38
23:39
23:40
23:40
23:41
23:42
23:43
23:44
11:31
11:31
149
149
149
146
146
146
146
146
146
147
147
146
146
160
160
160
156
156
156
156
155
155
155
155
155
153
153
153
152
152
757
150
150
158
158
Texas: San Antonio, Austin, Corpus Christi;
Edwards Plateau, Balcones Escarpment,
gulf coast, Matagorda Bay.
Texas: Corpus Christi; gulf coast from Baffin Bay
to Matagorda Bay, Interstate 10 at Columbus.
Texas: Gulf coast at Matagorda Bay,
Interstate 10 at Columbus.
Florida: Tampa, St. Petersburg, Fort Myers,
Palm Beach; Cape Kennedy, Lake Okeechobee.
Florida: Tampa, St. Petersburg, Fort Myers,
Palm Beach, Miami; Keys, Lake Okeechobee,
Everglades.
Florida: Cape Kennedy, Palm Beach, Orlando.
Florida: Cape Kennedy, Orlando.
Florida: Cape Kennedy; underexposed.
Bahama Islands; underexposed.
Blank.
Mexico: Guaymas; Baja California,
Gulf of California.
Mexico: Guaymas; Baja California,
Gulf of California.
Mexico: Guaymas; Baja California,
Gulf of California.
Mexico: Guaymas; Baja California,
Gulf of California.
Blank.
Cellular cloud formations.
Indonesia: Islands of Alor, Wetar, Timor,
Babar, Jamdena; Bandar Sea.
Indonesia: Islands of Alor, Wetar, Timor,
Babar, Jamdena; Bandar Sea.
Indonesia: Islands of Alor, Wetar, Timor,
Babar, Jamdena; Bandar Sea.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Inside spacecraft; underexposed.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Blank.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Blank.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Mauritania, Mali: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure,
Aouker Basin, El Djouf Desert.
Mauritania, Mali: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure,
.\ouker Basin, El Djouf Desert.
309
MAGAZINE 8 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
84
S66-63469
S66-63319
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:32
157
Mauritania, Mali: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure,
Aouker Basin, El Djouf Desert.
85
S66-63470
S66-63320
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:32
157
Mauritania, Mali: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure,
Aoulter Basin, El Djouf Desert.
86
S66-63471
S66-63321
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:32
157
Aiauritania, Malt: Dhar Adrar, Richat Structure,
Aouker Basin, El DjouJ Desert.
87
S66-63472
S66-63322
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:32
157
Mauritania, Mali: Dhar .Adrar, Richat Structure,
Aouker Basin, El Djouf Desert.
88
S66-63473
S66-63323
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:34
156
Mauritania, Mali, Spanish Sahara: Dhar Adrar,
EI Hank Bluffs, Erg Iguidi, Erg Chech,
Yetti Plains, south edge Tindouf Basin.
89
S66-63474
S66-63324
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:36
155
Algeria: Tifernine, Irrarene Dunes,
Ajjer Plateau, Ahaggar Mountains.
90
S66-63475
S66-63325
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:36
155
Algeria, Libya: Tifernine, Irrarene Dunes,
.■\jjer Plateau, .Ahaggar Mountains.
91
S66~63476
S66-63326
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:42
151
United Arab Republic: Cairo; Gulf of Suez,
Nile River, El Faiyum depression, Nile Delta.
92
366-^3477
S66-63327
25
Mv. 13, 1966
11:42
151
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia: .Mile River,
GulJ of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea,
Sinai Peninsula.
93
S66-63478
S66-63328
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:42
151
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia: Nile River,
Gulf of Suez, Gulf of .Aqaba, Red Sea,
Sinai Peninsula.
94
S66-63479
S66-63329
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:42
151
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan:
Nile River, Gulf of Suez, Gulf of -Aqaba,
Red Sea, Sinai Peninsula.
95
S66-63480
S66-63330
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:42
151
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan:
Nile River, Gulf of Suez, Gulf of .Aqaba,
Rea Sea, Sinai Peninsula.
96
S66-63481
S66-63331
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:42
151
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan: Nile
River, Gulf of Suez, GulJ oj Aqaba, Red Sea,
Sinai Peninsula.
97
S66-63482
S66-63332
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:44
149
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan:
Red Sea.
98
566-^3483
S66-63333
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:47
147
Iran: Persian GulJ, ^agros .Mountains; excellent
display oJ anticlinal mountains.
99
S66-63484
S66-63334
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:47
147
Iran: Persian Gulf, Qeshm Island, Zagros
Mountains; excellent display of anticlinal
mountains.
100
S66-63485
S66-63335
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:47
147
Iran, Trucial States, Muscat and Oman: Persian
Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, Qeshm Island, Zagros
Mountains; excellent display of anticlinal
mountains.
101
S66-63486
S66-63336
25
Nov. 13, 1966
11:48
146
Iran, Trucial Stales, Muscat and Oman, Pakistan:
Persian GulJ, Strait oJ Hormuz, Makran Mountains.
102
S66-63487
S66-63488
S66-63337
S66-63338
Blank.
103
30
Nov. 13, 1966
20:20
159
Agena on tether; Makin Island, Gilbert Group;
underexposed.
104
S66-63489
S66-63339
30
Nov. 13, 1966
20:20
159
Agena on tether; Makin Island, Gilbert Group;
underexposed.
105
S66-63490
S66-63340
30
Nov. 13, 1966
20:20
159
Agena on tether; Makin Island, Gilbert Group;
underexposed.
106
S66-63491
S66-63341
30
Nov. 13, 1966
20:21
159
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean;
underexposed.
107
S66-63492
S66-63342
30
Nov. 13, 1966
20:39
153
Guadalupe Island: von Karman eddies in lee of
island, Baja California, Mexico in background;
underexposed.
310
MAGAZINE 8 Continued
NASA/MSC
Color No. B&W No.
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
20:39
153
20:39
20:39
20:42
153
153
151
20:43
150
20:43
150
20:43
150
20:43
150
20:44
150
20:44
149
20:44
149
20:44
149
20:44
149
20:44
149
20:44
22:15
149
22:16
148
22:16
148
22:16
148
22:18
146
22:18
146
Area description
366-63493
S66-63494
S66-63495
S66-63496
S66-63497
S66-63498
S66-63499
S66-63500
S66-63501
S66-63502
S66-63503
S66-63504
S66-63505
S66-63506
S66-63507
S66-63508
S66-63509
S66-63510
S66-63511
S66-63512
S66-63513
S66-63514
S66-63515
S66-63516
S66-63517
S66-63518
S66-63519
S66~63520
S66~63521
S66-63522
S66-63343
S66-63344
S66-63345
S66-63346
S66-63347
S66-63348
S66-63349
S66-63350
S66-63351
S66-63352
S66-63353
S66-63354
S66-63355
S66-63356
S66-63357
S66-63358
S66-63359
S66-63360
S66-63361
S66-63362
S66-63363
S66-63364
S66-63365
S66-63366
S66-63367
S66-63368
S66-63369
S66-63370
S66-63371
S66-63372
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
31
31
31
31
31
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
13, 1966
13, 1966
13, 1966
13, 1966
13, 1966
13, 1966
13, 1966
13, 1966
13, 1966
13, 1966
13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Guadalupe Island: Von Karman eddies in lee of island,
Baja California, Mexico in background; underexposed.
Von Karman eddies in lee of Guadalupe Island.
Von Karman eddies in lee of Guadalupe Island.
Texas, Mexico: Gulf Coastal Plain from
Padre Island east.
Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma,
Arkansas; San Antonio, Austin, Waco, Houston.
Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma,
."Arkansas: San Antonio, Austin, Waco,
Houston; gulf coast, Matagorda Bay.
Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma,
Arkansas; San Antonio, Austin, Waco,
Houston; gulf coast, Matagorda Bay.
Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma,
Arkansas: Austin, Waco, Houston; gulf coast,
Matagorda Bay.
Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma,
.Arkansas: Austin, Waco, Houston; gulf coast,
Matagorda Bay.
Agena on tether; Te.xas, Louisiana, Oklahoma,
Arkansas; Waco, Houston, gulf coast,
Matagorda Bay, Red River, Mississippi Valley.
Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma,
Arkansas; Houston, gulf coast, Matagorda Bay,
Red River, Mississippi Valley.
Agena on tether; Texas, [Louisiana, Oklahoma,
Arkansas; Houston, gulf coast, Matagorda Bay,
Red River, Mississippi Valley.
Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana; San Antonio,
Austin, Houston, Beaumont; gulf coast,
Matagorda Bay, Edwards Plateau.
Agena on tether; Texas, Louisiana; San Antonio,
Austin, Houston, Beaumont; gulf coast,
Matagorda Bay, Edwards Plateau.
Agena on tether.
Agena on tether.
Agena on tether.
Agena on tether.
Blank.
Agena on tether; clouds, ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds, ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds, ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds, ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds, ocean.
Agena on tether; Mexico: Baja California Sur,
Sinaloa.
Agena on tether; Mexico: Baja California Sur,
Sinaloa.
Agena on tether; Mexico: Baja California Sur,
Sinaloa.
Agena on tether; Mexico: Baja California Sur,
Sinaloa.
Agena on tether; Mexico: Durango-San Luis
Potosi-Guadalajara area.
Agena on tether; Mexico: Durango-San Luis
Potosi-Guadalajara area.
311
MAGAZINE 8 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
138
S66-63523
S66-63373
31
Nov. 13,
1966
22:18
146
Agena on tether; Mexico: Durango-San Luis
Potosi-Guadalajara area.
139
S66-63524
S66-63374
31
Nov. 13,
1966
Docking bar; terminator, limb.
Docking bar; terminator, limb.
140
S66-63525
S66-63375
31
Nov. 13,
1966
141
S66-63526
S66-63376
31
Nov. 13,
1966
Agena on tetlier; limb, sunset.
Agena on tether; limb, sunset.
Blank.
142
S66-63527
S66-63377
31
Nov. 13,
1966
143
S66-63528
S66-63378
144
S66-63529
S66-63379
54
Nov. 15,
1966
10:05
154
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan:
Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds.
145
866^3530
S66-633S0
54
Nov. 15
1966
10:06
153
United Arab Republic^ Saudi Arabia^ Sudan:
Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds.
146
S66-63531
S66-63381
54
Nov. 15,
1966
10:06
153
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan:
Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds.
147
S66-63532
S66-63382
54
Nov. 15,
1966
10:06
153
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan:
Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds.
148
S66-63533
.S66-63383
54
Nov. 15,
1966
10:06
153
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan:
Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds.
149
S66-63534
S66-63384
54
Nov. 15,
1966
10:06
153
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan:
Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds.
150
S66-63535
S66-63385
54
Nov. 15,
1966
10:06
153
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan:
Nile River, Red Sea, Jetstream clouds.
MAGAZINE
10
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-62749
S66-62701
3
Nov
12, 1966
00:47
Agena; range
50 ft.
2
S66-62750
S66-62702
3
Nov
12, 1966
00:48
Agena; range
50 ft.
3
S66-62751
S66-62703
3
Nov
12, 1966
00:48
Agena; range.
50 ft.
4
S66-62752
S66-62704
3
Nov
12, 1966
00:51
Agena; range.
12 ft.
5
S66-62753
S66-62705
3
Nov
12, 1966
00:52
Agena; range,
12 ft.
6
S66-62754
S66-62706
3
Nov
12, 1966
00:52
Agena; range,
14 ft.
7
S66-62755
S66-62707
3
Nov.
12, 1966
00:55
Agena; range,
50 ft; exellent side view, stereo.
8
S66-62756
S66-62708
3
Nov.
12, 1966
00:56
Agena; range.
53 ft; excellent side view, stereo.
9
S66-62757
S66-62709
3
Nov.
12, 1966
00:56
Agena; range.
55 ft; excellent side view, stereo.
10
S66-62758
S66-62759
S66-62710
S66-62711
Blank.
Major ."Mdrin,
Major Aldrin,
Blank.
Major Aldrin,
Major Aldrin,
Major Aldrin,
Major Aldrin,
Major Aldrin,
and Baham
11
28
13, 1966
extravehicular acitivity.
extravehicular activity.
12
S66-62760
S66-62712
28
Nov.
13, 1966
13
S66-62761
S66-62762
S66-62713
S66-62714
14
28
Nov
13 1966
extravehicular activity,
extravehicular acitvity.
extravehicular activity,
extravehicular activity,
extravehicular activity; Florida
as in background.
15
S66-62763
S66-62715
28
Nov
13, 1966
16
S66-62764
S66-62716
28
Nov.
13, 1966
17
S66-62765
S66-62717
28
Nov.
13, 1966
18
S66-62766
S66-62718
28
Nov.
13, 1966
19
S66-62767
S66-62719
28
Nov
13 1966
Major Aldrin,
Major Aldrin,
extravehicular activity,
extravehicular activity,
extravehicular activity.
20
S66-62768
S66-62720
28
Nov.
13, 1966
21
S66-62769
S66-62721
28
Nov.
13, 1966
Major Aldrin,
Blank.
Major Aldrin,
Major Aldrin,
Major Aldrin,
Major Aldrin,
Major Aldrin,
Major Aldrin,
Major Aldrin,
Major Aldrin,
Major Aldrin,
22
S66-62770
S66-62771
S66-62722
S66-62723
23
28
13, 1966
extravehicular activity.
extravehicular activity,
extravehicular activity,
extravcliicular activity,
extravehicular activity,
extravehicular activity,
extravehicular activity,
extravehicular activity.
24
S66-62772
S66-62724
28
Nov.
13, 1966
25
S66-62773
S66-62725
28
Nov.
13, 1966
26
S66-62774
S66-62726
28
13, 1966
27
S66-62775
S66-62727
28
Nov
13, 1966
28
S66-62776
S66-62728
28
Nov.
13, 1966
29
S66-62777
S66-62729
28
13, 1966
30
S66-62778
S66-62730
28
Nov.
13, 1966
31
S66-62779
S66-62731
28
Nov.
13, 1966
extravehicular activity.
312
MAGAZINE 10 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
32
S66-62780
S66-62781
S66-62732
S66-62733
Nov.
13, 1966
13, 1966
Blank.
33
28
Major Aldrin, extravehicular activity.
Major Aldrin, extravehicular activity;
best view of series.
34
S66-62782
S66-62734
28
Nov
13 1966
35
S66-62783
S66-62735
28
13, 1966
Major Aldrin, extravehicular activity.
Major Aldrin, extravehicular activity.
Agena on tether; clouds, ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds, ocean.
36
S66-62784
S66-62736
28
Nov
13 1966
37
S66-62785
S66-62786
S66-62737
S66-62738
30
30
Nov.
Nov.
13, 1966
13, 1966
38
39
S66-62787
S66-62739
30
Nov.
13, 1966
Agena on tether; clouds, ocean.
40
S66-62788
S66-62740
30
Nov.
13, 1966
Agena on tether; clouds, ocean.
41
S66-62789
S66-62741
30
Nov.
13, 1966
Agena on tether; clouds, ocean.
42
S66-62790
S66-62791
S66-62742
S66-62743
30
30
Nov.
Nov.
13, 1966
13, 1966
Agena on tether; clouds, ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds, ocean.
43
44
S66-62792
S66-62744
30
Nov.
13, 1966
Agena on tether; clouds, ocean.
45
S66-62793
S66-62745
30
Nov.
13, 1966
20:40
153
California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah,
Colorado: Grand Canyon, Colorado River,
Death Valley, Lake Mead.
46
S66-62794
S66-62746
30
Nov.
13, 1966
20:40
152
."Xrizona, New Mexico, Mexico: Tucson, Phoenix;
Sonoran Desert, Mogollon Rim, Painted Desert.
47
S66-62795
S66-62747
30
Nov.
13, 1966
20:41
152
.Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico: Chihuahuan
Desert, Rio Grande, Sierra Madre Occidental,
Painted Desert.
48
S66-62796
S66-62748
30
Nov.
13, 1966
20:41
152
.Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Mexico:
Chihuahuan Desert, Rio Grande, White Sands,
Painted Desert, Rocky Mountains.
MAGAZINE
11
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-62940
S66-62941
S66-62942
S66-62943
S66-63088
S66-63089
S66-63090
S66-63091
32
32
32
32
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
2
3
4
5
S66-62944
S66-62945
S66-62946
S66-63092
S66-63093
S66-63094
32
32
32
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
6
7
8
S66-62947
S66-62948
S66-62949
S66-62950
S66-62951
S66-62952
S66-62953
S66-62954
S66-63095
S66-63096
S66-63097
S66-63098
S66-63099
S66-63100
S66-63101
866-63102
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Nov. 13, 1966
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Agena on tether; clouds over Pacific Ocean.
Agena on tether; Mexico: Baja California Sur.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
23:51
144
16
S66-62955
S66-63103
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:53
142
Agena on tether; Mexico: Pacific coast at
Manzanillo; note long cloud shadows.
17
S66-62956
S66-63104
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:53
142
Agena on tether; Mexico: Pacific coast at
Manzanillo; note long cloud shadows.
18
S66-62957
S66-63105
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:53
142
Agena on tether; Mexico: Pacific coast at
Manzanillo; note long cloud shadows.
19
S66-62958
S66-63106
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:54
Agena on tether, at sunset.
20
S66-62959
S66-63107
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:55
Earth limb at sunset.
21
S66-62960
S66-63108
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:55
Earth limb at sunset.
22
S66-62961
S66-63109
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:55
Earth limb at sunset.
23
S66-62962
866-63110
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:56
Earth limb at sunset.
24
S66-62963
S66-63111
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:56
Earth limb at sunset.
313
MAGAZINE 11 Continued
NASA/MSG
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
25
S66-62964
866-63112
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:56
Earth limb at sunset.
26
S66-62965
866-63113
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:56
Earth limb at sunset.
27
S66-62966
866-63114
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:56
Earth limb at sunset.
28
S66-62967
S66-63115
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:56
Earth limb at sunset.
29
S66-62968
866-63116
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:57
Earth limb at sunset.
30
S66-62969
866-63117
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:57
Earth limb at sunset.
31
S66-62970
866-63118
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:57
Earth limb at sunset.
32
S66-62971
866-63119
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:57
Earth limb at sunset.
33
S66-62972
866-63120
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:58
Earth limb at sunset.
34
S66-62973
866-63121
32
Nov. 13, 1966
23:59
Earth limb at sunset.
35
S66-62974
S66-63U2
34
Nov. 14, 7966
02:17
160
Southern end of Maldive Islands.
36
366-62975
S66-63123
34
Nov. 14, 1966
02:23
160
Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal.
37
S66-62976
S66-63124
34
Nov. 14, 1966
02:24
160
Burma: Mouths oj Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers.
38
866-62977
S66-63125
34
Nov. 14, 1966
02:24
160
Burma: Mouths of Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers.
39
866-62978
866-63126
34
Nov. 14, 1966
02:24
160
Burma: Mouths of Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers.
40
360-62979
S66-63127
34
Nov. 14, 1966
02:25
160
Burma: Mouths oj Irrawaddy and Salween Rivers.
41
866-62980
S66-63128
Nov. 14, 1966
Blank.
42
866-62981
S66-631'9
Nov 14 1966
Major .A.ldrin inside spacecraft; underexposed.
Major .Aldrin inside spacecraft: underexposed.
Major Aldrin inside spacecraft; underexposed.
Major Aldrin inside spacecraft; underexposed.
Blank.
43
S66-6'982
866-63130
Nov 14, 1966
44
866-62983
S66-63131
Nov 14, 1966
45
866-62984
866-63132
Nov. 14, 1966
46
866-62985
866-62986
S66-63133
866-63134
Nov. 14, 1966
Nov. 14, 1966
47
39
10:06
156
United Arab Republic, Libya: Mediterranean
coast from Bengazi to El Alamein, Libyan
Plateau; slightly out of focus.
48
866-62987
866-63135
39
Nov. 14, 1966
10:06
156
United Arab Republic: Mediterranean coast from
Sidi Barrani to Nile Delta, El Faiyum and
Qattara Depressions; slightly out of focus.
49
866-62988
866-63136
39
Nov. 14, 1966
10:13
152
Iran, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain: Persian Gulf,
Zagros Mountains; slightly out of focus.
50
S66-62989
866-63137
39
Nov. 14, 1966
10:13
151
Iran, Trucial States: Persian Gulf, Qeshm Island,
Zagros Mountains; slightly out of focus.
51
866-62990
866-63138
39
Nov. 14, 1966
10:14
151
Iran: Gulf of Oman, Makran Ranges;
slightly out of focus.
52
866-62991
866-63139
39
Nov. 14, 1966
10:14
151
Iran, Pakistan, .Afghanistan: Makran Ranges;
slightly out of focus.
53
866-62992
866-63140
39
Nov. 14, 1966
10:15
150
Pakistan; Makran and Kirthar Ranges,
.Arabian Sea coast; slightly out of focus.
54
866-62993
866-63141
39
Nov. 14, 1966
10:16
149
Pakistan, India: Makran and Kirthar Ranges,
Indus River, Thar Desert, Arabian Sea coast;
slightly out of focus.
55
S66-62994
S66-63142
39
Nov, 14, 1966
10:17
149
Pakistan, India: Thar Desert, .\ravalli Range;
slightly out of focus.
56
866-6'995
866-63143
Nov 14 1966
Light in spacecraft.
Blank
57
866-62996
866-62997
S66-63144
866-63145
Nov. 14, 1966
Nov 14, 1966
58
Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear.
Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear.
Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear.
Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear.
Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear.
Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear.
Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear.
Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear.
Equipment jettison, ELSS, other gear.
Standup EV.-\, nose of spacecraft.
Standup EVA, rear view, adapter section.
Standup EVA, nose of spacecraft.
59
S66-62998
866-63146
Nov. 14, 1966
60
866-62999
866-63147
Nov. 14, 1966
61
S66-63000
866-63148
Nov. 14, 1966
62
S66-63001
866-63149
Nov 14 1966
63
866-63002
866-63150
Nov. 14 1966
64
866-63003
866-63151
Nov. 14, 1966
65
866-63004
866-63152
Nov. 14, 1966
66
866-63006
.S66-63154
Nov. 14, 1966
67
866-63007
866-63155
Nov 14 1966
68
866-63008
866-63009
866-63156
S66-63157
Nov. 14, 1966
Nov. 14, 1966
69
314
.
MAGAZINE 11 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
70
S66-63010
S66-63158
44
Nov. 14, 1966
Standup EVA, nose of spacecraft.
Standup EVA, nose of spacecraft.
Standup EVA, nose of spacecraft.
Florida, Bahama Islands, north coast oj Cuba.
71
S66-63011
S66-63159
44
Nov. 14, 1966
72
S66-63012
S66-63160
44
Nov. 14, 1966
73
S66-63013
S66-63J67
44
Nov. 74, 7966
77:37
750
74
S66-63014
S66-63162
AA
Nov. 14, 1966
Out of focus.
75
S66-63015
S66~63163
44
Nov. 74, 1966
79:04
154
Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico: Gulf of California,
Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua.
76
S66-63016
S66-63164
AA
Nov. 14, 1966
19:04
154
Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico: Gulf of California,
Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua;
contrail and shadow along coast.
11
S66-63017
S66-63165
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:05
154
Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico, Texas: Phoenix-
El Paso-Presidio Panorama.
78
S66-63018
S66-63766
44
Nov. 14, 7966
79:05
153
Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico, Texas: Phoenix-
El Paso-Carlsbad Panorama.
79
S66-63019
S66-63167
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:06
153
Mexico, Texas: Big Bend, Northern Sierra Madre
Oriental, Glass Mountains, El Solitario,
Marathon Uplift, Rio Grande.
80
S66-63020
S66-63168
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:06
153
Mexico, Texas; Big Bend, Northern Sierra Madre
Oriental, Glass Mountains, El Solitario,
Marathon Uplift, Rio Grande.
81
S66-63021
S66-63169
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:07
153
Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas: San
Antonio, Corpus Christi, Houston, Fort Worth-
Dallas; Edwards Plateau, Gulf Coastal Plain.
82
S66-63022
S66-63170
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:07
152
Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas: San
Antonio, Corpus Christi, Houston, Fort Worth-
Dallas; Edwards Plateau, Gulf Coastal Plain.
83
S66-63023
S66-63171
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:07
152
Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, -Arkansas: San
.i^ntonio, Corpus Christi, Houston, Fort Worth-
Dallas; Edwards Plateau, Gulf Coastal Plain.
84
S66-63024
S6&-63772
44
Nov. 74, 7966
79:07
752
Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas: San .Antonio,
Corpus Christi, Houston, Tort Worth-Dallas;
Edwards Plateau, GulJ Coastal Plain.
85
S66-63025
S66-63773
44
Nov. 74, 7966
79:08
752
Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas: Austin, Waco,
.Shreveport, Beaumont, Houston; Edwards Plateau,
GulJ Coastal Plain, Red River.
86
S66-63026
S66-63174
AA
Nov. 14, 1966
19:08
152
Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, .Arkansas: Austin,
Waco, Shreveport, Beaumont, Houston;
Edwards Plateau, Gulf Coastal Plain, Red River.
87
S66-63027
S66-63175
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:08
152
Texas, Louisiana, Arakansas: Houston, Beaumont;
Gulf Coastal Plain from Matagorda Bay to
Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome.
88
S66-63028
S66-63176
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:08
152
Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas: Houston, Beaumont;
Gulf Coastal Plain from Matagorda Bay to
Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome.
89
S66-63029
S66-63177
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:08
152
Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas; Houston, Beaumont;
Gulf Coastal Plain from Matagorda Bay to
Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome.
90
S66-63030
S66-63178
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:08
152
Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas; Houston, Beaumont;
Gulf Coastal Plain from Matagorda Bay to
Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome.
91
S66-63031
S66-63779
44
Nov. 74, 7966
79:08
752
Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas: Houston, Beaumont;
GulJ Coastal Plain Jrom Matagorda Bay to
Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome.
92
S66-63032
S66-63180
AA
Nov. 14, 1966
19:08
152
Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas: Houston, Beaumont;
Gulf Coastal Plain from Matagorda Bay to
Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome.
315
MAGAZINE 11 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
93
S66-63033
S66-63181
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:09
152
Texas, Louisiana, .Arkansas: Houston, Beaumont;
Gulf Coastal Plain from Mata^^orda Bay to
Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome.
94
S66-63034
S66-63182
44
^fov. 14, 1966
19:09
152
Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas: Houston, Beaumont;
GulJ Coastal Plain from Matagorda Bay to
Mississippi Delta; MSC area astrodome.
95
S66-63035
S66-63183
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:00
152
Texas, Louisiana: Houston, Beaumont; GulJ Coastal
Plain from White Lake to Corpus Christ!.
96
S66-63036
S66-63184
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:09
152
Te.xas, Louisiana: Houston, Beaumont; Gulf
Coastal Plain from Cameron to Brownsville.
97
S 66-63037
S66-63185
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:09
152
Texas, Louisiana: Houston, Beaumont; Gulf
Coastal Plain from Cameron to Brownsville.
98
S66-6303S
S66-63186
44
Mv. 14, 1966
19:09
151
Texas, Louisiana: Houston, Beaumont; Gulf Coastal
Plain from Cameron to Brownsville.
99
S66-63039
S66-63187
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:10
151
Texas, Louisiana: Houston, Beaumont; Gulf
Coastal Plain from Cameron to Brownsville.
100
S66-63040
S66-63188
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:11
150
Florida: Orlando, Cape Kennedy.
101
S66-63041
.S66-63189
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:12
150
Florida: Orlando, Cape Kennedy.
102
S66-63042
S66-63190
44
Nov. 14, 1966
19:12
150
Florida: Orlando, Cape Kennedy.
103
S66-63043
S66-63191
Nov. 14, 1966
Blank.
104
\.j \j\j \j -J \.' 1 ^j
S66-63044
S66-63192
45
.Vov. 14, 1966
20:40
152
Afexico: Baja California, from .Angel de la Guarda to
Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint.
105
S66-63045
S66-63193
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:40
152
Mexico: Baja California, from Angel de la Guarda
to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland;
Sun glint.
106
S66-63046
S66-63194
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:40
151
Mexico: Baja California, from .Angel de la Guarda
to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland;
Sun glint.
107
S66-63047
S66-63195
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:40
151
Mexico: Baja California, from .Angel de la Guarda
to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland;
Sun glint.
108
S66-63048
S66-63196
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:40
151
Mexico: Baja California, from Angel de la Guarda
to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland;
Sun glint.
109
S66-63049
.S66-63197
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:40
151
Mexico: Baja California, from Angel de la Guarda
to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland;
Sun glint.
110
S66-63050
S66-63198
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:40
151
Mexico: Baja California, from Angel de la Guarda
to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland;
Sun glint.
111
S66-63051
S66-63199
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:41
151
Mexico: Baja California, from Angel de la Guarda
to Santa Rosalia, cloud-covered mainland;
Sun glint.
112
S66-63052
,S66-63200
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:41
151
Mexico: Baja California, from Punta Eugenia to
La Paz, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint.
113
S66-63053
S66-63201
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:41
151
Mexico: Baja California, from Punta Eugenia to
La Paz, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint.
114
S66-63054
S66-63202
45
.^fov. 14, 1966
20:41
151
.Mexico: Baja California, from Punta Eugenia to
La Paz, cloud-covered mainland; Sun glint.
115
S66-63055
S66-63203
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:41
151
Mexico, Texas: Chihuahua, Presidio; Sierra Madre
Occidental, Big Bend, El Solitario, Rio Grande,
Southern Basin and Range.
116
S66-63056
866-63204
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:43
150
Mexico, Texas: Valleys of Nueces and Frio Rivers,
Rio Grande, Falcon Reservoir.
117
S66-63057
S66-63205
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:43
150
Mexico, Texas: Gulf coast, Laguna Madre-
Corpus Christi-Matagorda Bay.
316
MAGAZINE 11 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT.
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
118
S66-63058
S66-63206
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:43
150
Mexico, Texas: Gulf coast, Laguna Madre-
Corpus Christi-Matagorda Bay.
119
S66-63059
S66-63207
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:43
149
Mexico, Texas: Gulf coast, Laguna Madre-
Corpus Christi-Matagorda Bay.
no
S66-63060
S66-63208
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:43
149
Mexico, Texas: Gulf coast, Laguna Madre-Corpus
Christi-Matagorda Bay.
121
S66-63061
S66-63209
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:43
149
Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas: gulf
coast from Matagorda Bay to Mississippi Delta.
122
S66-63062
S66-63210
43
Nov. 14, 1966
20:44
149
Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Arkansas: gulf coast
from Matagorda Bay to Mississippi Delta.
123
S66~63063
S66-63211
45
.Nov. 14, 1966
20:46
147
Florida: Keys, Cay Sal Bank, Florida Straits.
124
S66-63064
S66-63212
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:46
147
Cuba: La Habana, Pifiar del Rio, Matanzas,
Las Villas, Provinces.
125
S66-63065
S66-63213
45
Nov. 14, 1966
20:47
147
Cuba: La Habana, Pifiar del Rio, Matanzas,
Las Villas Provinces.
126
S66-63066
S66-63214
46
Nov. 14, 1966
20:47
146
Central Cuba; Bahama Bank.
127
S66-63067
S66-63215
46
Nov. 14, 1966
20:49
146
Cuba: Oriente, Camaguey Provinces.
128
S66-63068
S66-63216
46
Nov. 14, 1966
20:49
146
Cuba: Oriente, Camaguey Provinces; Jamaica.
129
S66-63069
S66-63217
46
Nov. 14, 1966
20:49
145
Cuba: Oriente, Camaguey Provinces; Jamaica.
130
S66-63070
S66-63218
46
Nov. 14, 1966
20:49
145
Bahama Islands: Great Inagua, Acklins,
Mayaguana, The Caicos.
131
S66-63071
S66-63219
46
Nov. 14, 1966
20:50
145
Bahama Islands: Great Inagua, Acklins,
Mayaguana, The Caicos.
132
S66-63072
S66-63220
46
Nov. 14, 1966
20:50
Bahama Islands: Great Inagua, Grand Turk,
Mayaguana, The Caicos.
133
S66-63073
S66-63221
46
Nov. 14, 1966
Limb, sunset.
134
S66-63074
S66-63075
S66-63076
S66-63222
S66-63223
S66-63224
47
47
47
Nov. 14, 1966
Nov. 14, 1966
Nov. 14, 1966
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
135
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
136
Clouds over Pacific Ocean.
137
S66-63077
S66-63225
47
Nov. 14, 1966
23:34
154
Hawaiian Islands: Midway, Kure, Pearl and
Hermes Reef.
138
S66-63078
S66-63226
47
Nov. 14, 1966
23:34
154
Hawaiian Islands: Midway, Kure, Pearl and
Hermes Reef.
139
S66-63079
S66-63227
47
Nov. 14, 1966
23:35
154
Hawaiian Islands: Pearl and Hermes Reef,
Salmon Bank.
140
S66-63080
S66-63228
47
Nov. 14, 1966
23:36
153
Hawaiian Islands: Pearl and Hermes Reef,
.Salmon Bank, Midway, Kure.
141
S66-630S1
S66-63229
53
Nov. 15, 1966
08:32
154
United Arab Republic, Saudi Arabia, Sudan:
Red Sea; Jetstream clouds.
142
S66-63082
S66-63230
53
Nov. 15, 1966
08:36
153
Iran, Trucial States, Muscat and Oman:
Qeshm Island, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf,
Z^gros Mountains, Makran Ranges.
143
S66-63083
S66-63231
55
Nov. 15, 1966
11:31
155
Mauritania, Spanish Sahara, Algeria: Erg Iguidi,
Tetti Plains, south edge of Tindouf Basin.
144
S66-63084
S66-63085
S66-63086
S66-63087
S66-63232
S66-63233
S66-63234
S66-63235
55
55
56
Nov. 15, 1966
Nov. 15, 1966
Nov. 15, 1966
Nov. 15, 1966
Blank.
145
Benard cells over Pacific Ocean.
146
Benard cells over Pacific Ocean.
147
13:12
150
Libya, Algeria: Hamada el Hamra, Tiririne
Dunes, Grand Erg Oriental; note contrail
and shadow.
317
MAGAZINE
17
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
1
S66-62867
S66-62797
Blank.
2
3
S66-(i786R
S66-67798
13
Nov. 12, 1966
Docked to Agena, hatch open.
Docked to Agena, hatch open.
Docked to Agena, hatch open.
Docked to Agena, hatch open.
Docked to Agena, hatch open.
Spacecraft skin, looking aft, hatch open;
Maurer 16-mm movie camera.
ijUU VJZ.OUO
.S66-6?869
S66-62799
13
Nov. 12, 1966
4
S66-62870
S66-62800
13
Nov. 12, 1966
5
S66-62871
S66-62801
13
Nov. 12, 1966
6
S66-62872
S66-62802
13
Nov. 12, 1966
7
S66-62873
S66-62803
13
Nov. 12, 1966
k^ vy \j \ji^\j I ^j
8
S66-62874
S66-62804
13
Nov. 12, 1966
Spacecraft skin, looking aft, hatch open;
Maurer 16-mm movie camera.
kJV.'w U^^ ' T^
v_j \j\j \j ^j\j\j J
9
S66-62875
S66-62805
13
Nov. 12, 1966
Spacecraft skin, hatch open.
Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean.
Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean.
10
S66-62876
S66-62806
13
Nov. 12, 1966
11
S66-62877
S66-62807
13
Nov. 12, 1966
12
S66-62878
866-62808
13
Nov. 12, 1966
Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean.
Docked to j^gena, hatch open; clouds, ocean.
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico:
13
S66-62879
S66~62809
13
Nov. 12, 1966
14
S66-62880
S66-62810
13
Nov. 12, 1966
Baja California.
15
S66-62881
S66-62811
13
Nov. 12, 1966
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico:
Baja California.
16
S66-62882
S66-62812
13
Nov. 12, 1966
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico:
Baja California.
n
S66-62883
S66-62813
13
A'ov. 12, 1966
17:30
158
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: West coast from
CuUacan to Alanzanillo.
18
S66-62884
S66-62814
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:30
158
Docked to .'\gena, hatch open; Mexico; West
coast from Culiacan to Manzanillo.
19
S66-62885
,S66-62815
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:31
158
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: West
coast from Culiacan to Manzanillo.
20
S66-62886
S66-62816
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:31
158
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: West
coast north of Manzanillo.
21
S66-62887
S66-62817
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:32
158
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: Mexico City,
Puebla; Neo-Volcanic plateau, Lago de Chapala.
22
S66-62888
S66-62818
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:32
157
Docked to .\gena, hatch open; Mexico: Mexico
City, Puebla; Neo-Volcanic plateau, Lagc
de Chapala.
23
S66-62889
S66-62819
13
J^oii. 12. 1966
17:32
757
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: Central and
eastern Mexico, north oj Leon, Coahuila Basin,
Sierra Madre Occidental and Oriental.
24
S66-62890
S66-62820
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:32
157
Docked to .Agena, hatch open; Mexico: Mexico
City, Pueblo; Neo-Volcanic plateau.
25
S66-62891
S66-62821
13
Mm: 12, 1966
17:33
157
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: Isthmus of
Tehuantepec, Yucatan Peninsula.
26
S66-62892
S66-62822
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:34
156
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico:
Yucatan Peninsula, Yucatan Channel.
27
S66-62893
S66-62823
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:34
156
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Gulf of Mexico,
U.S. gulf coast.
28
S66-62894
S66-62824
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:35
156
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Gulf of Mexico,
U.S. gulf coast.
29
S66-62895
S66-62825
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:35
156
Docked to .Agena, hatch open ; Gulf of Mexico,
U.S. gulf coast.
30
S66-62896
S66-62826
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:35
155
Docked to .Agena, hatch open; Gulf of Mexico,
U.S. gulf coast.
31
S66-62897
S66-62827
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:36
155
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida.
32
S66-62898
S66-62828
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:37
155
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida.
33
S66-62899
S66-62829
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:37
155
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida.
54
$66-62900
S66-62830
'13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:37
755
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida, Bahama Islands.
35
S66-62901
S66-62831
13
Nov. 12, 1966
17:37
155
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida,
Bahama Islands.
318
,
MAGAZINE 17 Continued
NASA/MSC
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Area description
36
S66-62902
S66-62832
13
Nov. 12,
1966
17:37
155
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida,
Bahama Islands.
37
S66-62903
S66-62833
13
Nov. 12
7966
17:37
755
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida, Bahama Islands.
38
S66-62904
S66-62834
13
Nov. 12,
1966
17:37
154
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida,
Bahama Islands.
39
S66~62905
566-62835
13
Nov. 12
7966
17:37
754
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida, Bahama Islands.
40
S66-62906
S66-62836
14
Nov. 12,
1966
17:38
154
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida.
41
S66-62907
S66-62837
14
Nov. 12,
1966
17:38
154
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida.
42
S66-6290S
566-62838
14
Nov. 12
7966
17:38
154
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Florida, Bahama Islands:
Miami Keys.
43
S66-62909
S66-62839
14
Nov. 12,
1966
17:38
154
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Bahama Islands.
44
S66-62910
S66-62840
14
Nov. 12,
1966
17:38
154
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Bahama Islands.
45
566-62911
566-62841
14
Nov. 12
7966
Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean.
Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean.
Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean.
Docked to Agena, hatch open; clouds, ocean.
Inside spacecraft, out of focus.
Inside spacecraft, out of focus.
46
S66-62912
S66-62842
14
Nov. 12,
1966
47
5(5^(5297J
566-626174
566-62843
566-62844
14
14
Nov. 12
Nov. 12
7966
7966
48
49
S66-62915
S66-62845
14
Nov. 12,
1966
50
S66-62916
S66-62846
14
Nov. 12,
1966
51
S66-62917
S66-62847
14
Nov. 12,
1966
Hatch open, looking aft; Maurer 16-mm
movie camera.
52
S66-62918
S66-62848
14
Nov. 12,
1966
Hatch open, looking aft; Maurer 16-mm
movie camera.
53
S66-62919
S66-62849
14
Nov. 12,
1966
Hatch open, looking aft; Maurer 16-mm
movie camera.
54
S66-62920
S66-62850
14
Nov. 12,
1966
Hatch open, looking aft; Maurer 16-mm
movie camera.
55
S66-62921
S66-62851
14
Nov. 12,
1966
Major Aldrin's helmet; out of focus.
Major Aldrin's helmet.
56
S66-62922
S66-62852
14
Nov. 12,
1966
57
S66-62923
S66-62853
14
Nov. 12,
1966
Major Aldrin's helmet.
58
S66-62924
S66-62854
14
Nov. 12,
1966
Major Aldrin's helmet, open hatch.
59
S66-62925
S66-62855
14
Nov. 12,
1966
Major Aldrin's helmet, open hatch.
Major Aldrin's helmet, open hatch;
60
S66-62926
S66-62856
14
Nov. 12,
1966
Blue Maurer camera.
61
S66-62927
S66-62857
14
Nov. 12,
1966
Major Aldrin's helmet, open hatch;
Blue Maurer camera.
62
S66-62928
S66-62858
14
Nov. 12,
1966
17:52
143
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Spanish Sahara,
Mauritania: Atlantic coast at Cap Blanc
and Cap Barbas.
63
S66-62929
S66-62859
14
Nov. 12,
1966
17:52
143
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Spanish Sahara,
Mauritania: Atlantic coast at Cap Blanc
and Cap Barbas.
64
S66-62930
.S66-62860
14
Nov. 12,
1966
17:52
143
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Spanish Sahara,
Mauritania: Atlantic coast at Cap Blanc
and Cap Barbas.
65
S66-62931
S66-62861
14
Nov. 12,
1966
17:52
142
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Spanish Sahara,
Mauritania: Atlantic coast at Cap Blanc
and Cap Barbas.
66
S66-62932
S66-62862
14
Nov. 12,
1966
17:52
142
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Spanish Sahara,
Mauritania: Atlantic coast at Cap Blanc
and Cap Barbas.
67
S66-62933
S66-62863
14
Nov. 12,
1966
19:07
155
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: West
coast north of Culiacan; Sierra Madre Oriental,
Baja California.
68
S66-62934
S66-62864
14
Nov. 12,
1966
19:07
155
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: West
coast north of Mazatlan; Sierra Madre Oriental,
Baja California.
319
MAGAZINE 17 Continued
NASA/MSC
Frame
Color No.
B&W No.
Revolution
Date
GMT
Alt,
N. Mi.
Area description
69
70
S66-62935
S66-62936
S66-62865
S66-62866
14
14
Nov. 12, 1966
Nov. 12, 1966
19:07
19:08
154
154
Docked to Agena, hatch open; Mexico: West
coast north of Cabo Corrientes; .Sierra Madre
Oriental, Baja California.
Docked to .■\gena, hatch open; Mexico: West
coast from Culiacan to head of Gulf of
California, .Sierra Madre Oriental,
Baja California.
320
GLOSSARY
airglow Broadly defined as the nonthermal radiation emitted
by the Earth's atmosphere with the exception of auroral
emission (northern lights) and radiation of cataclysmic
origin such as lightning and meteor trains. Airglow at night,
also called nightglow, is always present and is readily ob-
served by the naked eye on a clear night away from city
lights. The peak of the night-glow layer occurs at approxi-
mately 90 kilometers, the emission being the result, for ex-
ample, of excited molecular o.xygen, atomic oxygen, and
sodium.
alluvium A general term for all detrital deposits resulting
from the operations of modern rivers; this includes the sed-
iments laid down in river beds, flood plains, lakes, and
estuaries.
altocumulus A cloud path or layer composed of laminae,
rounded masses, or rolls which are sometimes partly dif-
fused and may or may not merge. The cloud elements usual-
ly are smaller than stratocumulus and larger than cirrocum-
ulus. They may occur at more than one level and are made
up largely of small liquid water droplets.
anticline A fold or arch of rock strata, usually dipping in
opposite directions away from an axis.
anticyclone A region of relatively high atmospheric pressure
whose circulation is clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere
and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. The re-
gion may be 3000 kilometers or more wide.
island arc Islands or mountains arranged in a great curve.
A curved belt of islands, partly volcanic, in or near ocean
basins, such as the Aleutian Islands.
Archean The term is generally applied to the oldest rocks of
the Precambrian. However, usage is changing and the new
term, Early Precambrian, is preferred. It means the same as
Archeozoic also.
atoll A ringlike "coral or calcareous algae" island or islands
encircling, or nearly encircling, a lagoon.
basalt A fine-grained, dark-colored, igneous rock containing
about 50 percent Si02 and characteristic minerals.
basin-and-swell structure Geologic term for areas such as the
central United States in which the dominant structures are
very large domes, arches, and troughs with very shallow
dips; characteristic of tectonically stable areas.
bedrock Any solid rock, in place, exposed at the surface of
the Earth or overlain by unconsolidated material.
Benard cell A form of cellular convection, studied in the
laboratory by the French physicist, H. Benard, in which the
vertical circulation may be upward in the core of the cell
and downward on the edges, or it may be reversed.
carbonate A compound containing the radical COj, used
geologically as a short term for calcium or magnesium car-
bonate rocks such as limestone or dolomite.
cay A flat mound of sand built up on a reef flat slightly
above high-tide level.
Cenozoic The latest of the four eras into which geologic time
is divided, beginning about 70 million years ago. Also, the
whole group of stratified rocks deposited during the Cen-
ozoic era. The era includes Tertiary and Quaternary.
cellular convection An organized air motion in distinct con-
vection cells, having either upward or downward motion in
the central portions of the cell, and having the opposite
either sinking or rising flow in the cell's outer regions. The
phenomenon is similar to that often referred to as Benard
cells displayed in fluids on laboratory scale.
cirrostratus A whitish cloud veil of fibrous or smooth ap-
pearance occurring at altitudes of 6 to 18 kilometers, com-
posed largely of ice crystals. It is frequently thin enough to
be transparent.
cirrus White, delicate filaments, patches, or bands of cloud
which have a fibrous appearance and often a silky sheen.
The cloud is composed mainly of ice crystals and in the
Tropics it is found at 6 to 18 kilometers in altitude.
clastic Consisting of fragments of rocks or of organic struc-
tures that have been moved from their places of origin.
cloud street A line or row of cumulus clouds usually alined
nearly parallel to the wind direction.
coesite A high-pressure polymorph of Si02; first created
artificially by L. Goes and later found in rock from Meteor
Crater, Ariz., by E. Chao. It is believed to be indicative of
meteoritic impact.
cold front A boundary zone between an advancing mass of
cold air and a warmer air mass.
color infrared film A color film sensitive to infrared radiation
as well as visible light; used chiefly to photograph vegeta-
tion. Colors are rendered differently from the colors seen
by the eye; e.g., greens are reproduced as reds.
continental drift The supposed horizontal movement of en-
tire continents for hundreds or thousands of miles over
geologic time; indicated by similarities in geologic struc-
ture, lithology, and fossil affinities on opposite sides of
oceans such as the South Atlantic. It is still a disputed
concept.
convection Atmospheric motions that are predominantly ver-
tical, resulting in the vertical transport and mixing of at-
mospheric properties, normally caused by heating from the
land or water surface below (meteorological).
convergence An inflow of air on a horizontal plane. Near
the Earth's surface the converging air may rise and pro-
duce convective clouds (meteorological). Situation whereby
waters of different origins come together at a point or, more
commonly, along a line known as a convergence line (ocean-
ographic).
321
coral A calcareous skeleton of a coral or group of corals
which are bottom-dwelling marine animals.
Cretaceous period The third and latest of the periods in-
cluded in the Mesozoic era, beginning about 135 million
years ago and lasting about 65 million years, also the sys-
tem of strata deposited in the Cretaceous period.
cuesta Ridge with one steep and one gently sloping side.
cumulonimbus cloud A heavy and dense cloud of convective
origin. It may develop to 10 or 20 kilometers in height. The
top is nearly always flattened and often spreads out in an
anvil or plume containing predominantly ice crystals; a
thundercloud accompanied by lightning, thunder, rain, and
sometimes hail.
cumulus cloud Individual detached cloud elements, gener-
ally dense and with sharp outlines, developing vertically
in the form of rising mounds, domes, or towers. The cloud
has a high density of small water droplets which frequent-
ly are supercooled.
cumulus congestus cloud A large cumulus cloud with sharp
outlines and great vertical development. It may be produc-
ing rain, but not yet have reached the thunderstorm stage.
current Horizontal movement of a fluid.
cyclone An atmospheric circulation rotating counterclock-
wise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the
Southern Hemisphere; a storm.
dendritic drainage pattern This phenomenon is character-
ized by treelike branching of streams in all directions, with
the tributaries joining the main stream at all angles.
Devonian The fourth, in order of age, of the periods com-
prising the Paleozoic era, following the Silurian period, be-
ginning about 400 million years ago and lasting about 50
million years. Also the system of strata deposited during
that time. Sometimes called the "Age of Fishes."
dike A tabular body of rock (usually igneous) that cuts
across the structure of adjacent rocks or cuts massive rocks.
Most dikes result from intrusion of magma; some are formed
by injection of sand or mud.
dip The maximum angle at which a stratum or any planar
feature is inclined from the horizontal. The dip is at a right
angle to the strike.
divergence A horizontal flow of water in different directions,
from a common center or zone; often associated with up-
welling.
ebb tide, falling tide The portion of the tide cycle between
high water and the following low water.
eddy A circulation drawing its energy from a flow of much
larger scale and brought about by flow irregularities (me-
teorological). A circular movement of water usually formed
where currents pass obstructions, where two adjacent cur-
rents flow counter to each other, or along the edge of a
permanent current (oceanographic) .
embayment An embayment is similar to a basin of sedimen-
tation and may be one flank of a larger subsiding feature.
Used in a structural sense to designate a reentrant of sed-
imentary rocks into a crystalline massif.
ephemeral stream A stream or portion of a stream which
flows only in direct response to precipitation. It receives
little or no water from springs and no long-continued sup-
ply from melting snow or other sources. Its channel is at
all times above the water table.
322
epoch Geologic time unit corresponding to a series; a sub-
division of a period.
equatorial counter current An oceanic current flowing east-
ward in a narrow band in an equatorial region; usually im-
bedded in an equatorial current that is flowing westward.
era A large division of geologic time of the highest order,
comprising one or more periods. The eras now generally
recognized are the Archeozoic, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mes-
ozoic, and Cenozoic. In some cases, Early Precambrian is
substituted for Archeozoic and Late Precambrian for Pro-
terozoic.
erosion The group of processes whereby earthy or rock ma-
terial is loosened or dissolved and removed from any part
of the Earth's surface. It includes the processes of weather-
ing, solution, corrosion, and transportation. The mechan-
ical wear and transportation are affected by running water,
moving ice, or winds, which use rock fragments to pound
or grind other rocks to powder or sand.
escarpment A cliff or relatively steep slope separating level
or gently sloping tracts.
estuary Drainage channel adjacent to the sea in which the
tide ebbs and flows. Some estuaries are the lower courses of
rivers or smaller streams, others are no more than drainage
ways that lead sea water into and out of coastal swamps.
fault A fracture or fracture zone along which there has been
displacement of the two sides relative to one another paral-
lel to the fracture. The displacement may be a few inches
or many miles.
fold A bend in strata or any planar structures.
friction layer The layer of atmosphere from the surface to
about 0.5 to 2 kilometers that is influenced by frictional
and diurnal phenomena.
gabbro Loosely used for any coarse-grained dark igneous
rock, chemically similar to basalt, and considered the plu-
tonic (formed by solidification of molten magma deep with-
in the Earth) equivalent of basalt.
geosyncline A large, generally linear trough that subsided
deeply throughout a long period of geologic time and in
which a thick secession of stratified sediments and possibly
extrusive volcanic rocks has commonly accumulated. The
strata of many geosynclines have been folded into moun-
tains. Many types have been differentiated and named.
glaciation Alteration of the Earth's solid surface through
erosion and deposition by glacial ice.
glitter pattern The specular reflectance of the Sun's rays off
the ocean's surface.
gneiss A coarse-grained rock in which bands rich in gran-
ular minerals alternate with bands in which schistose min-
erals predominate.
graben Large blocks of the crust that have been downdropped
along fractures.
graben faulting A block, generally long compared to its
width, that has been downthrown along faults relative to
the rocks on either side.
gradient The rate of decrease of one quantity with respect
to another.
granite Light-colored, coarse to medium-grained, plutonic
rock containing alkali feldspars, quartz, and accessory min-
erals such as mica; of igneous or metamorphic origin.
granodiorite An intrusive igneous rock, similar to granite
but with a higher plagioclase content.
greenstone An old field term applied to altered basic igneous
rocks which owe their color to the presence of chlorite,
hornblende, and epidote.
Greenwich mean time The local mean time of the Green-
wich (prime) meridian. Now called Universal Time (as-
tronomical); sometimes, Zulu or Z-time (U.S. Navy).
ground elapsed time (GET) Time elapsed from launch of
spacecraft.
homocline .A general name for any block of bedded rocks
all dipping in the same direction.
igneous rock Rocks formed by solidification from a molten
or partially molten state. One of three principal classes in-
to which all rocks are divided. The others are sedimentary
and metamorphic.
intrusive (igneous) rock One formed by consolidation of
magma beneath the surface of the Earth, as opposed to ex-
trusive rock formed from erupted magma (lava).
island wake ■\ wake resulting from the division of an ocean
current by an island producing an elongated area of up-
welling on the lee side.
jebel Arabic for mountain.
Jetstream Relatively strong winds concentrated within a
narrow stream in the atmosphere. It may be thousands of
kilometers long, hundreds of kilometers wide, and some
kilometers in depth. A subtropical Jetstream is found, at
some longitudes, between 20° and 30° latitude.
Jurassic The middle of the three geological periods com-
prising the Mesozoic era. Also the system of strata deposit-
ed during that period, beginning about 180 million years
ago and lasting about 45 million years.
laccolith A concordant, intrusive body that has domed up
the overlying rocks and has a floor that is generally hor-
izontal, but may be convex downward.
lagoon A body of shallow water, particularly one possessing
a restricted connection with the sea. A water body within
an atoll or behind barrier reefs or islands.
lignite A brownish-black coal in which the alteration of veg-
etal material has proceeded further than in peat but not
so far as subbituminous coal.
limb Geologically, one of the two parts of an anticline or
syncline on either side of the axis. Astronomically, the edge
of a celestial object as viewed.
limestone A general term for that class of sedimentary rocks
which contain at least 80 percent of the carbonates of cal-
cium or magnesium.
lineament A structurally controlled topographic line, gen-
erally of regional extent.
lithographic texture A term used to denote grain size in
calcareous sedimentary rocks. The grain size corresponds
to that of clay, or less than 1/256 millimeter.
low-pressure system An area of minimum atmospheric pres-
sure associated with cyclonic circulation.
marl Usually defined as a calcareous clay, or an intimate
mixture of clay and particles of calcite or dolomite, usually
fragments of shells.
massif A body of plutonic igneous or metamorphic rock, at
least 10 to 20 miles in diameter, occurring as a structurally
resistant mass in an uplifted area that may have been a
mountain core.
mesoscale Small-scale weather patterns that may occur over
distances of perhaps 15 to 1500 kilometers.
Mesozoic One of the eras of geologic time. It comprises the
Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods beginning about
225 million years ago and lasting 255 million years. Also the
group of strata formed during the era.
metamorphic Rocks which have formed in the solid state in
response to pronounced changes of temperature, pressure,
and chemical environments, usually at depth.
metasediments Metamorphosed sedimentary rocks.
microgranite A fine-grained granite, usually a marginal phase
of a granite intrusion.
micromeleoroid A very small solid body, generally less than
a millimeter in diameter, moving in interplanetary space.
minaret A towerlike rock form.
Miocene The fourth of the five epochs into which the Ter-
tiary period is divided. .Also the series of strata deposited
during that epoch.
monsoons Seasonal winds caused primarily by the much
greater annual variation of temperature over large land
areas compared with neighboring ocean surfaces. An ex-
cess of pressure occurs over land in winter and a deficit in
summer. Monsoons are strongest on the southern and east-
ern sides of Asia.
mosaic A composite picture formed by assembling over-
lapping vertical aerial photographs taken from different
camera positions.
Neogene The later of the two periods into which the Cen-
ozoic era is divided in the classification adopted by the In-
ternational Geological Congress and used by many Euro-
pean geologists. .-Mso the system of strata deposited during
that period.
Neo-Volcanic Of or pertaining to volcanic rocks or volcanic
phenomena formed or taking place during the Cenozoic era.
orogeny The process of forming mountains, particularly by
folding and thrusting.
orographic cloud A cloud, the existence, form, and extent
of which are determined by the upslope flow of air over
hills or mountains.
outcrop Bedrock exposed at the surface of the Earth.
Paleogene The earlier of the two periods comprised in the
Cenozoic era, and used by many European gologists. Not
in wide use in the United States.
Paleozoic One of the eras of geologic time, between the Late
Precambrian and Mesozoic eras, that comprises the Cam-
brian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Penn-
sylvanian, and Permian systems. Also the group of rocks
deposited during this era.
pegmatite Igneous rocks of coarse grain that are usually
found as dikes associated with a large mass of igneous rock
of finer grain size. The name usually refers to granite peg-
matites. Some pegmatites contain rare minerals.
pelagic Pertaining to communities of marine organisms which
live free from direct dependence on bottom or shore; the
two types are free-swimming (nektonic) and floating forms
(planktonic).
Permian Last period of the Paleozoic era. Also the system
of rocks formed during the period.
323
pillow lavas Lavas that exhibit a peculiar structure consist-
ing of an agglomeration of rounded masses that resemble
pillows. The pillow structure is generally believed to be the
result of subaqueous deposition.
Pleistocene The earlier of the two epochs comprised in the
Quaternary period. Also called Glacial epoch and formally
called ice age. Also the series of sediments deposited dur-
ing that period.
Pliocene The latest of epochs comprised in the Tertiary
period in the classification generally used. Also the series
of strata deposited during the epoch.
Precambrian An era of geologic time. All rocks formed be-
fore Cambrian time. The oldest and longest period of
geologic time.
Quaternary The younger of the two geologic periods in the
Cenozoic era. It is subdivided into Pleistocene and Recent
epochs or series. It comprises all geologic time and de-
posits from the end of the Tertiary until and including the
present.
radiosonde A balloon-borne instrument for simultaneous mea-
surement and transmission of meteorological data.
reef A chain or range of rock or coral, elevated above the
surrounding bottom of the sea, generally submerged and
dangerous to surface navigation.
reverse faults A fault along which the hanging wall has
been raised relative to the foot wall. A normal fault is just
tlie opposite.
rheid A body of rock showing flow structure; also used for
masses of rock which have flowed over geologic time while
below the melting point.
rhyolite An extrusive igneous rock chemically equivalent to
granite.
rift A topographic depression formed along major faults.
rift valley A large valley produced by subsidence along two
parallel faults. (See graben.)
ring dike An arcuate, rarely circular, dike with steep dip.
Larger ring dikes may be many miles long, hundreds or
thousands of feet thick; the radius or arc is generally from
1 to 10 miles; although some dikes may form a nearly com-
plete circle or ellip.se, more commonly they encompass one-
third to three-fourths of the circle or ellipse.
rip tide A seaward flowing current brought about when
waves elevate the water level along a coast. These currents
are confined to the surf zone and are usually no longer than
a few tens of meters. They are not associated with diurnal
tides.
salt plug/salt dome A structure resulting from the upward
movement of a salt mass, and with which oil and gas fields
are frequently associated. In the gulf coast area of the Unit-
ed States, the salt is in the form of a roughly circular plug
of relatively narrow diameter but often several thousand feet
in depth.
sandstone A cemented or otherwise compacted detrital sedi-
ment, usually composed predominantly of quartz grains;
some varieties are composed partly of other minerals such
as feldspar.
savanna A tropical or subtropical region of grassland and
other drought-resistant vegetation. This type of growth oc-
curs in warm regions having a long, dry season alternating
with a rainy season.
scarp An escarpment, cliff, or steep slope of some extent
along the margin of a plateau, mesa, terrace, or bench.
schist .A medium or coarse-grained metamorphic rock, with
subparallel orientation of the micaceous minerals which
dominate its composition.
sea breeze A local coastal wind that blows from sea to land
caused by the temperature difference when the sea surface
is colder than the adjacent land.
sea-surface structure Features of the sea surface created by
wind (waves), currents, differences in density of adjacent
waters, and the shape of the ocean basin. Only the surface
expressions of the features and their horizontal extent are
visible from space.
sedimentary rocks Rocks formed by the accumulation of sed-
iment. The sediment may consist of rock fragments or par-
ticles of various sizes (conglomerate, sandstone, shale); of
the remains or products of animals or plants (certain lime-
stones and coal); of the product of chemical action or evap-
oration (salt, gypsum, etc.); or of mixtures of these ma-
terials. A characteristic feature of sedimentary deposits is a
layered structure known as bedding or stratification.
shale .\ laminated sediment in which the constituent parti-
cles are predominantly of the clay grade.
shield A continental block of the Earth's crust that has been
relatively stable over a long period of time and has under-
gone only gentle warping (basin and swell structure) in
contrast to the strong folding of bordering geosynclinal
belts. Mostly composed of Precambrian rocks.
sill An intrusive body of igneous rock of approximately uni-
form thickness, relatively thin compared with its lateral ex-
tent, usually emplaced parallel to the bedding or schistosity
of the intruded rocks.
sinkhole A funnelshaped depression in the land surface, gen-
erally in a limestone region, communicating with a subter-
ranean passage developed by solution.
stability A condition in the atmosphere in which vertical mo-
tions are absent or definitely restricted.
steppe An area of grass-covered and generally treeless plains
with a semiarid climate. They occupy large portions of
eastern Europe and Asia.
slralocumulus cloud A patch, layer, or sheet of cloud com-
posed of numerous elements which appear as rounded mass-
es or rolls. They are nonfibrous and may or may not merge.
They are composed of small water droplets and occur at
altitudes up to 2 kilometers.
stratum A section of a formation that consists throughout of
approximately the same kind of rock material. .\ single sed-
imentary bed or layer (plural, strata).
stratus cloud A cloud layer having a uniform base and top
with widely dispersed water droplets. It occurs between the
surface and 2 kilometers in the Tropics.
stream piracy The diversion of the upper part of a stream
by the headward erosion of another stream.
strike The course or bearing of the outcrop of an inclined
bed or structure on a level surface; the direction or bearing
of a horizontal line in the plane of an inclined stratum,
joint, fault, cleavage plane, or other structural plane; it is
perpendicular to the direction of the dip.
structure The sum total of the structural features of an area.
Petrology: one of the larger features of a rock mass, like
324
bedding, jointing, cleavage; also the sum total of such fea-
tures.
subsidence A descending motion in the atmosphere, usually
over a rather broad area (meteorological). Gradual depres-
sion of an area, as in a geosyncline (geological).
Sun glitter A pattern of sunlight being reflected from water;
also called Sun glint.
syenite An intrusive igneous rock consisting principally of
alkalic feldspar and usually one or more mafic (dark) min-
erals.
syncline A fold in rocks in which the strata dip inward from
both sides toward the axis. The opposite of anticline.
tableland A flat or undulating elevated area, a plateau or
mesa.
tectonic Pertaining to the rock structure and external forms
resulting from the deformation of the Earth's crust. As ap-
plied to earthquakes, it is used to describe shocks not caused
by volcanic action or by collapse of caverns or landslides.
terminator The line separating the illuminated and dark por-
tions of a celestial body which shines by reflected sunlight,
as the Moon or the Earth.
Tertiary The earlier of the two geologic periods comprised in
the Cenozoic era. Also the system of stratum deposited dur-
ing that period.
Tethys geosyncline Elongated east-west geosyncline that sep-
arated Europe and Africa and extended across southern Asia
in pre-Tertiary time.
trachyte An extrusive rock composed essentially of alkalic
feldspar and minor biotite, hornblende, or pyroxene.
trade winds The wind system which occupies the lowest few
kilometers in the atmosphere of most of the Tropics. It
blows with consistency of direction from the subtropical
highs toward the equatorial trough. The winds are pre-
dominantly northeasterly in the Northern Hemisphere and
southerly in the Southern Hemisphere.
trellis drainage A drainage system in which the main streams
are generally parallel, with smaller tributaries flowing at
right angles to them.
troposphere That portion of the Earth's atmosphere from the
surface to the tropopause which is the lower 10 to 20 kil-
ometers of the atmosphere. Here the temperature normally
decreases with height.
tuff A rock formed of compacted volcanic fragments, which
are generally smaller than 4 millimeters in diameter.
typhoon A severe tropical storm in the western Pacific Ocean.
uplift Elevation of any extensive part of the Earth's surface
relative to some other part; opposite to subsidence.
upper-level trough An elongated area of relatively low at-
mospheric pressure existing in the upper air.
upwelling The process by which water rises from a lower to
a higher depth, usually as a result of divergence and off-
shore currents.
von Karnian eddy Vortices especially visible in cloud forma-
tions, resulting from frictional drag of air over and/or
around raised obstacles such as islands. Named after Theo-
dor von Karman, the aerodynamicist.
vortex A whirl or eddy.
vortex street Two parallel rows of alternately placed, coun-
terrotating vortices along the wake of an obstacle in a fluid
or air; also called a von Karman vortex street.
wadi .\ ravine or watercourse, dry except in the rainy season.
watershed The area contained within a drainage divide above
a specified point on a stream. Also called drainage area,
drainage basin, or catchment area.
wind shear The local variation of the wind vector in a hori-
zontal or vertical direction.
wave diffraction The bending of waves around obstacles or
over a shoal sea floor.
wave length The distance between corresponding points of
two successive periodic waves in the direction of propaga-
tion, for which the oscillation has the same phase.
wrench fault A nearly vertical strike-slip fault.
zodiacal light A faint, diffuse light, triangular or cone shaped,
seen on either side of the Sun along the zodiac or ecliptic
plane. It is seen in middle northern latitudes in the spring
after sunset in the western sky, or in the fall before sunrise
(dawn) in the eastern sky (astronomical).
325
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
Earth Photographs from Gemini III, IV, and V. NASA SP-
129, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1967.
Gemini Conference Summary, NASA SP-138, includes "Science
Experiments Summary," by Jocelyn R. Gill and Willis B.
Foster, Feb. 1-2, 1967, pp. 291-305; and "Space Photog-
raphy," by Richard W. Underwood, pp. 231-290.
Maps
Grosvenor, M. B., cd.: National Geographic Atlas of the
World. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.,
1963.
Bartholemew, J., cd.: The Times Atlas of the World. Vol.
I, "The World," Australia and East Asia, Houghton Mifflin
Co., Boston, 1958.
Vol. II, "Southwest Asia and Russia," Houghton Mifflin
Co., Boston, 1959.
Vol. IV, "Southern Europe and Africa," Houghton Mifflin
Co., Boston, 1956.
Vol. V, "The Americas," Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston,
1957.
TiEDEMANN, H. A.: Gemini Synoptic Terrain Photography
(S005). Indexes with Maps Showing Coverage (Gemini),
including North and South America, Africa, Near East, In-
dia, Australia, Asia, Pacific. Maps through Gemini XII com-
pleted.
Articles
Terrain
LowMAN, Paul D., Jr.: Terrain Photography on Gemini Mis-
sions. Geological Soc. of America Annual Meeting (1966),
GSA Special Paper (in press).
LowMAN, Paul D., Jr. : "The Earth from Orbit." National
Geographic, Nov. 1966, pp. 645-670. Photos from Gemini
IV from Southwestern United States, Florida, Morocco,
Richat Structure, and some photos from Gemini V.
LowMAN, Paul D., Jr.: "Photography from Space-Geologic
Applications." Annals from the New York Academy of
Sciences, vol. 140, pp. 99-106, Dec. 16, 1966.
Weather
Nagler, K. M. ; AND SoULES, S. D. : "The Gemini Weather
Photography Experiment." Presented at the XVIIth Inter-
national Astronautical Congress, Madrid, Spain, October
1966. (Published in Proceedings of Congress. Twelve Gem-
ini photos are used to illustrate meteorological features
shown to advantage by selective color photography of Gem-
ini.)
Nagler, K. M. ; and Soules, S. D.: "Experiment S006,
Synoptic Weather Photography." Interim Report, Manned
Space Flight Experiments, Gemini XII, Nov. 11-15, 1966
(MSC-TA-R-67-3), pp. 75-82. "Jetstream" cirrus clouds, ed-
dies in the lee of Guadalupe Island, Mexico, Sun glint,
smoke from forest fires, and windblown dust.
Kuettner, J. P.; AND Soules, S. D.: "Organized Convection
as Seen from Space." Bull. Am. Meterol. Soc, vol. 47,
Nov. 5, 1966, pp. 364-370. Using views from Gemini IV, V,
and VII, and from ESS A I meteorological satellite as il-
lustrations, the authors discuss the tendency for cumulus
clouds to be alined in rows or streets.
Other
Oliver, V. J. : "Some .Applications of Space Observations to
Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology," 10 pp. Reprint
of talk presented at the Fourth Annual Meeting and Tech-
nical Display of the American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics, Anaheim, Calif., Oct. 23-27, 1967. Use of
some Gemini photos to illustrate how space photographs
can delineate turbid water, the shallow water bottom con-
figuration, and rain-soaked versus dry ground.
Randerson, Darryl: "A Study of Air Pollution Sources as
Viewed by Earth Satellites." Reprint of presentation at
60th Annual Meeting, Air Pollution Control Association,
Cleveland, June 11-16, 1967. Illustrated by Gemini views of
smoke from forest fires and haze and smoke from industrial
sources.
Gettys, R. F. : "Extraction of Color Photos Exposed From
the Gemini Orbital Flights IV, V, and VII." U.S. Naval
Oceanographic Office, A67-10322, Suitland, Md. In: Sym-
posium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Univ. of Mich.,
.\nn Arbor, Apr. 12-14, 1966, proceedings.
Jones, J. R. : Hydrologic Evaluation of Gemini Photographs
of Fringes of Sahara, Africa. NASA Technical Letter 68.
MacCallor, J. A. : Photo-Mosaic Map of Peru From Gem-
ini Photography (in preparation). NASA Technical Letter
87.
McNaughton, Duncan, A.: and Huckaba, William A.:
"Space Photo Points Way to Oil." Oil Gas J., vol. 64, no.
24. June 1966.
Films
"Studying the Weather From Space." Educational television
film produced by KCET, Los Angeles, R&D review series.
Gemini views used to illustrate meteorological phenomena.
"First Photos From Space." Educational television film pro-
duced by KCET, Los Angeles, R&D review series, no. 37.
Gemini views illustrate geography and geology of regions
covered by orbital flight.
•^ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1969 O — 312-405
327
Date Due
fi^o/j^i.
f f
1
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Library Bureai
Cat. No. 1137
WELLESLEY COLLEGE LIBRARY
3 5002 03262 8336
ASTRONOMY LIBRARY
(iQB
637
U56
PHOTOS ARE LOCATED BV OUTLINES
OF AREAS COVERED, OR BY BRACKET
(NDICATING GENERAL DIRECTION OF VIEW.
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